定语从句变分词
(1)定语从句改为分词短语的方法:
关系词充当从句的主语时,如果谓语结构为实词,将关系代词进行省略,而从句中的实词要发生形式的改变。如果原本从句是一个主动语态,可以将动词直接变成ing形式。如果原本谓语动词是一个被动语态,可以直接保留过去分词。如果谓语结构为be+名词,这时,可以将be动词同时省略,将后面的名词和前面从句所修饰的名词构成同位语结构。
①若作主语的关系代词之后有be动词, 删去关系代词和be动词即成分词短语。
Watch the man whois coming this way.
=Watch the mancoming this way.
注意向这边走来的那个人。
②若作主语的关系代词之后没有be动词而为一般动词,则删去关系代词,再将动词改为现在分词。无论时态是不是过去时,都要改为doing形式,如果主句时态是现在时,从句是过去时,则可以去掉关系代词,加having,改一般过去时动词为done的形式,不过这种情况很少见。
Anyone who wishesto leave early may do so.
=Anyone wishing toleave early may do so.
任何想要早一点儿离开的人都可以离开。
③若做主的关系代词之后有be动词加过去分词的被动语态,则去掉关系代词以及be动词。
An apple that iseaten belongs to me.
=An apple eatenbeongs to me.
这个被吃掉的苹果是我的。
(2)状语从句改为分词短语的方法:
①先将引导状语从句的连接词去掉。
②状语从句的.主语与主句的主语相同时,再把状语从句的主语去掉, 如不相同则保留。
③任何动词(包括be动词)均改为分词(被动语态去掉be动词为过去分词,进行时态,去掉be动词为现在分词)。(如为进行式,则须把be动词去掉)
④分词为being和havingbeen时,可以把be省略掉。
⑤如遇到否定词则放在分词前。(否定词+分词)
⑥句子的其余部分不变。
前后主语相同的情况:
After I had seenmy brother, I felt much relieved.
=Having seen mybrother, I felt much relieved.
见到哥哥之后,我觉得轻松多了。
As he is ill, hecan’t attend the meeting.
=Being ill, hecan’t attend the meeting.
他因病不能出席会议。
When he was buyingthe book, he met an old friend.
=Buying the book,he met an old friend.
他买书的时候,遇到一位老朋友。
As he has beenpraised too much, he becomes too proud.
=(Having been)Praised too much, he becomes too proud.
他因为受到过分的夸奖,而变得骄傲。
【注】前后主语不相同的情况(带有逻辑主语的分词短语,称为独立主格结构):
After the sun hadset, we arrived at the station.
=The sun havingset, we arrived at the station. 我们于日落后到达车站。
When school wasover, the boys went home.
=School beingover, the boys went home. 放学了,男孩子们回家了。
As my homework hasbeen done, I have nothing else to do.
=My homework(having been) done, I have nothing else to do. 因为我的作业写完了,所以我没有别的事做。
注1:若状语从句的主语为人称代词时,虽然和主句的主语不同,分词短语的主语也可以省略,此分词短语也称为独立分词短语。
If we speakstrictly, you are not justified.
=(We)Strictlyspeaking, you are not justified. 严格地说起来,你没有理由。
If we take allthings into consideration, he is an honorable man.
=(We) Taking allthings into consideration, he is an honorable man. 从各方面来说,他是个可敬的人。
注2:状语从句改为分词短语时,若主句的动词为现在式,状语从句的动词为过去式,而为了要表示状语从句的动作时间早于主句的动词,应改为完成式分词,表示比主句动词的动作先发生。
As he was idle inhis youth, he has to work hard in his old age.
=(Having been)idle in his youth, he has to work hard in his old age. 他因为年轻时不务正业,现在年老了必须苦干。
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