定语从句连接词which

定语从句连接词which

　　学英语，一大痛点在定语从句，which就是痛中之痛之一。下面是小编整理的定语从句连接词which，欢迎大家阅读参考，希望帮助到你。

　　定语从句连接词which用法

　　which是定语从句的关系代词之一。GMAT语法考试限定，which有且仅有两种用法。

　　一，which前面有逗号，逗号前面是个名词，which就近指代那个名词。

　　(1) Tankfield emailed Pea some photos, which did not cheer Pea up.

　　which就近指代photos，定语从句中谓语动词did not cheer (Pea up)的发出者即从句主语即先行词photos，是photos没让豌豆家属高兴起来。

　　(2) Tankfield emailed Pea some photos, which Pea did not find interesting.

　　which就近指代photos，photos是定语从句中的宾语，把定语从句还原成一个完整句就是Pea did not find the photos interesting.

　　可以看到，上面两个句子都可以以that为关系代词改写，即

　　(1)’ Tankfield emailed Pea some photos that did not cheer Pea up.

　　(2)’ Tankfield emailed Pea some photos that Pea did not find interesting.

　　改写与原版区别在哪儿?就在一个逗号。which前面是名词，名词和which之间没逗号的，在GMAT语法里算错。

　　二，which前面是介词，介词前面是名词，which就近指代介词前的那个名词，名词和介词之间有无逗号均可。

　　Tankfield once lent Pea a book from which Pea glimpsed the basics of genes.

　　这个句子可以“拆”成如下两句：(每个定语从句都可以拆成两句，以先行词为拆分点)

　　Tankfield once lent Pea a book. Pea glimpsed the basics of genes from the book.

　　先行词实际上是定语从句中介词的宾语，这时，需要把介词提前，避免如下表达：

　　Tankfield once lent Pea a book, which Pea glimpsed the basics of genes from. (XXX)

　　Tankfield once lent Pea a book that Pea glimpsed the basics of genes from. (XXX)

　　拓展：定语从句中的that和which用法区别

　　that和which在从句里都可以做宾语和主语，做宾语时可以省略。在定语从句中,有种说法叫"关宾省"，意思是关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语可以省略，不管是that，which，还是whom。但是which能引导非限制性定语从句，that则不行。

　　其次，记得以下只能用that的几种情况：

　　1. 当先行词为all, much, little, none及由any, every, some, no所构成的复合不定代词时。

　　如：

　　Please tell me anything that you know about the matter.

　　有关此事，凡是你所知道的请告诉我。

　　2. 当先行词被any, few, little, no, all, much, some等词修饰时。

　　如：You can take any seat that is free.

　　任何空着的座位你都可以坐。

　　3. 当先行词为序数词或被序数词所修饰时。

　　如：

　　This is the fourth film that has been shown in our school this term.

　　这是我们校本学期放映的第四部电影。

　　4. 当先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。

　　如：

　　This is the most interesting story book that I have ever read.

　　这是我读过的一本最有趣的故事书。

　　5. 当先行词被the very, the only, the last, the just, the same等修饰时。

　　如：

　　The only thing that we could do was to wait.

　　我们唯一能做的事就是等待。

　　注意：先行词被the same修饰时，关系代词也可用as。

　　如：I need the same book that / as you have.

　　我需要有你一样的书。

　　6. 当先行词既包含人又包含物时。

　　如： They are talking of the heroines and their deeds that interest them.

　　他们正在谈论他们感兴趣的女英雄及她们的事迹。

　　7. 当先行词是疑问代词who，which，what或主句以这些词开头时。

　　如：

　　Who that has ever worked together with him doesn’t admire him?

　　曾经和他一起工作过的谁不钦佩他?

　　8. 当先行词为主句表语或关系代词为从句表语时。

　　如：

　　Our school is no longer the place that it used to be.

　　我们的学校现在已不是过去的那个样子了。

　　9. 先行词为time时，当time表示次数，引导词用that, 可省略。 当表示时间，可用that或when引导，都可省略。

　　如：

　　I did't remember the exact time (when/that) I arrived in Shanghai last month.

　　我不记得上个月到达上海的确切时间了。

　　最后，请注意以下几种只能使用which的情况:

　　1. 在“介词+关系代词”结构中，关系代词必须用which。

　　如：

　　This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking.

　　这就是老师正在谈及的`那本参考书。

　　注意： 如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首， which就可换为that， 例如：

　　This is the question which/that we’ve had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion.

　　这就是我们已经多次讨论过的问题。

　　2. 先行词为“those+表事物的复数名词”时， 关系代词通常只用which而不用that。

　　如：You should grasp well those skills which may be used in the future work.

　　你应该掌握好这些可以用到未来工作中的技能。

　　最后，记得这个特殊情况吧：当先行词是表示原因或方式的名词时，可以用that引导定语从句，相当于介词+which，that可以省略。

　　如：

　　He didn’t like the way that (=in which) she speaks to his mother.

　　他不喜欢她对他的母亲那样说话。

　　Imagine the speed that (=at which) he drives the car.

　　很难想象，他开车开得那么快。

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