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定语从句引导词的省略
定语从句中是需要引导词的,那么定语从句引导词的省略又是怎么样的呢?下面是小编精心整理的定语从句引导词的省略,希望对你有帮助!
1、在非正式文体中,用于指人的关系代词who whom, that 指代先行词在定语从句中作宾语时通常可以省略;用于指物的关系代词which和that指代先行词在定语从句中作宾语时中也通常省略。例如:
1)The man (whom/who/that) we have just seen is a famous writer.
2)Where is the book (which/that) I bought last week?
2、 关系代词指代先行词在定语从句中作表语时,只用that ,它既可以指人,也可以指物,但时常省略。例如:
1)He is no longer the man that he used to be.
2)This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be.
3、以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句,如果先行词way在定语从句中做状语,通常以in which或 that 引导,但在非正式文体中,人们通常省略in which或 that 。例如;
1)The way (in which) he spoke to us was suspicious.
2)I don’t like the way (that) you laugh at her.
4、以place为先行词的限制性定语从句,如果先行词place在定语从句中做状语,通常以where 引导,但在非正式文体中,人们通常省略where。例如:
1)This is the place (where) we met yesterday.
5、以reason为先行词的限制性定语从句,如果先行词reason在定语从句中做状语,通常以why引导,但在非正式文体中,人们通常省略why。例如:
1)That is the real reason(why) he did it.
6、以time,day,week,month,year等为先行词的限制性定语从句,如果先行词在定语从句中做状语,通常以when引导,但在在某些句型和某些时间状语中,人们通常省略when。例如:
1)But help never stopped coming from the day she fell ill.
2)Each time he came, he did his best to help us.
注:针对以上情况,下列情形定语从句的引导词不能省。
1、如果作介词宾语且介词提前,这时关系代词指人用whom,指物用which,而且均不能省。例如:
1)Gun control is a subject about which Americans have argued for a long time.
2) She brought with her three friends,none of whom I had ever met before.
2)在非限制性定语从句中,无论是关系代词还是关系副词均不能省。例如:
1) They have won their last three matches, which I find a bit surprising actually
定语从句引导词的用法
关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等;
一:关系代词的用法 关系代词 指代对象及在从句中所作的成分
使用要点
that
即指人又指物;作主语或宾语(作宾语时可省略)
只用于限制性定语从句中,介词后面不能跟that。 当代替物时,可以与which通用。
Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress that I gave her.
昨天艾米丽穿了我送给她的新衣服。
I have a friend that likes listening to classical music我有个朋友喜欢听古典音乐。
which
指物;作主语或宾语(作宾语时可省略)
在非限定性定语从句中,只宜用which,不能用that.在限定性定语从句中,可用在介词之后。
My parents live in a house which is more than 100 years old
我的父母住在一座具有100多年历史的房子里
who,whom
指人;作主语或宾语(whom常可省略) 先行词必须为人。Who可代替在从句中担任宾语的whom,若前有介词,须用whom
A couch potato is a person who spends a lot of time watching TV. “A couch potato”指那种成天沉湎于电视中的人。
The student(whom)I taught two years ago has joined the army.
我两年前教的那个学生已经参军了。
whose 既指人又指物;作定语 是代词的所有格, 代物时,相当于of which。
The room whose window faces south is mine. 那个窗户朝南的房间是我的。
注意:whose指物时,常用of which结构来代替。如:
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
定语从句引导词的判断
方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要 求用关系代词。例如:
(错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
(错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
(对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
(对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系 副词.先行词在从句中作主、定、宾语时,应选择关系代词;先行词在从句中作状语时,应选 择关系副词。
例如:(对)Is this the museum which you visited a few days ago?
(对)Is this the museum where the exhibition was held?
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语 从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1)who, whom,that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换), 例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3)which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:
A prosperitywhich / thathad never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未 有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作主语)
The packagewhich / thatyou are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that 在句中作宾语)
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
1)when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例 如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
2)that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从 句,在非正式文体中that常被省略(正式文体中不可省略),例如:
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十 年前居住过的地方。
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