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初中定语从句名师讲解

时间:2021-07-05 13:05:13 英语 我要投稿

初中定语从句名师讲解

  定语从句就是在句子中充当定语成分的从句,分享了初中定语从句的名师讲解,一起来看看吧!

  一、定语从句的概念

  在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

  The man who / that I saw at the school gate yesterday is my English teacher.

  先行词定语从句

  昨天我在校门口看见的那个人是我的英语老师。

  二、定语从句的关系词

  引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。

  ① I am waiting for the boy who /that is wearing a red coat. (关系代词作主语)

  先行词 关系代词

  我正在等穿着红色外套的那个男孩。

  ② The dictionary that / which my sister gave me last Sunday is very expensive.

  先行词 关系代词 (关系代词作宾语)

  我姐姐上周星期天给我的那本字典很贵。

  ③ The woman whose name is Linda Brown is his mother. (关系代词作定语)

  先行词 关系代词

  那个是他的母亲,名叫琳达布朗。

  ④ That is the house where my father used to live. (关系代词作状语)

  先行词 关系副词

  那是我父亲曾经居住过的房子。

  三、关系代词的用法

  1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作

  宾语时可省略。例如:

  ① Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle. 玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)

  ② The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue. 我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。

  (that作宾语)

  2. which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:

  ① The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.

  位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)

  ② The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.

  我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)

  3. who, whom都用于指人,who用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom,也可省略。例如:

  ① The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.

  经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)

  ② Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?

  (作宾语)

  小结:that既可指人,也可指物,作主语,不能省略;作宾语,可以省略。

  which指物,作主语,不能省略;作宾语,可以省略。

  who指人,作主语,不能省略;作宾语(常用whom),可以省略。

  注:当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词形式由先行词定。

  注意——

  (1) 当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who, that, which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+ which/whom”结构。例如:

  ① This is the house in which we lived last year. 这是我们去年居住的`房子。

  ② Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.

  请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。

  (2) 含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如:

  This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。

  (3) that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如:

  The city that she lives in is very far away. 她居住的城市非常远。

  (4) 关系词只能用that而不用which的情况:

  a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which。例如:

  He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。

  b. 被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which。例如:

  Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?

  c. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which。例如:

  This is the same bike that I lost. 这就是我丢的那辆自行车。

  d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that,而不用which。例如:

  I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.

  我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

  e. 以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that。例如:

  Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?

  f. 主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which。例如:

  There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。

  (5) 关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况:

  a. 先行词为that, those时,用which, 而不用that。例如:

  What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?

  b. 关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如:

  This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。

  c. 引导非限制性定语从句,用which, 而不用that。例如:

  Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。

  五、关系副词的用法

  (1) when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如:

  This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。

  (2) where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如:

  This is the place where he works. 这是他工作的地点。

  (3) why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如:

  Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.

  没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。

  I.单项填空。

  1. —Do you know the man _________is talking with your father?

  —Yes, he’s our headmaster.

  A. he B. who C. which D. whom

  2. Is this the river_________I can swim?

  A. which B. in whichC. that D. the one

  3. This is the best hotel in the city_________I know.

  A. where B. whichC. that D. it

  4. Can you lend me the dictionary_________the other day?

  A. that you boughtB. you bought it

  C. that you bought it D. which you bought it

  5. Anyone_________with what I said may put up you hands.

  A. which agreesB. who agreeC. who agreesD. which agree

  6. My watch is not the only thing_________is missing.

  A. that B. itC. which D. who

  7. The man_________coat is black is waiting at the gate

  A. who’s B. whoseC. that of whichD. which’s

  8. The girl_________is reading under the tree_________my sister.

  A. which; isB. whom; was C. who; isD. who; was

  9. I love places_________the people are really friendly.

  A. that B. whichC. whereD. who

  10. The world_________is made up of matter.

  A. in that we liveB. on which we live C. where we live inD. we live in

  Ⅱ.用适当的关系代词that, which, who, whom填空。

  1. The first thing _________you must do is to have a meal.

  2. April 1st is the day _________is called April Fool’s Day in the west.

  3. The family _________ had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.

  4. The house _________we live in is very old.

  5. Didn’t you see the man _________I talked with just now?

  III.牵手中考。

  1.(2011清远)Have you read the book_________is about the moon?

  A. whatB. itC. /D. which

  2.(2011广西百色)The policeman caught the thief_________has stolen Mr. Li’s computer.

  A. whichB. whoseC. whomD. who

  3.(2011桂林)The basketball_________I bought yesterday cost me 80 yuan.

  A. thatB. whereC. whoD. when

  4.(河北省2011)The teachers_________came for a visit are foreigners.

  A. whoB. whomC. whoseD. which

  5.(2011河南省)Tony, tell me the result of the discussion_________you had with your dad

  yesterday.

  A.whatB. whichC. whenD. who

  6.(2011黑龙江绥化市)This is the camera ______my uncle gave me for my birthday.

  A.whichB. whoC. what

  7.(2011哈尔滨)"Get new knowledge by reviewing the old" is a famous saying by Confucius(孔子). He was a great thinker________words still have a great effect on millions of people around the world today.

  A. whoB. who'sC. whose

  8.(2011呼和浩特)—Is there anyone here_________name is Betty?

  —Sorry, I don’t know.

  A. whoB. whichC. whomD. whose

  9.(2011四川达州)—Where did you go last week?

  —I went to Zhang Aiping’s hometown and visited the house_______he was born in.

  A. thatB. thereC. whoD. whose

  10.(2011四川南充)Is that the man_________helped us a lot after the earthquake?

  A. whichB. whoC. whom

  11.(2011四川资阳)—I hear that Lily’s brother is a worker here.

  —Look, the man_________is working over there is her brother.

  A. whoB. whomC. whatD. which

  12.(2011天津)John is the boy_________legs were badly hurt in the accident.

  A. whoseB. thatC. whoD. which

  13.(2011乌鲁木齐)We don't like people_________talk too much but never do anything.

  A.whoseB.whoC.whenD.which

  14.(2011梧州)—Do you know the boy_________is standing under the tree?

  —Yes, he is my friend, Peter.

  A. whatB. whoC. whomD. whose

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