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用which造定语从句
which引导的定语从句在英语语法中,尤其是在定语从句中是比较常见的,经常在做题或者阅读过程中会遇到,也许你对它的用法不大熟练,下面是小编帮大家整理的用which造定语从句,希望能够帮助到大家。
用which造定语从句例句
1、The car which is red belongs to me.
2、The dog which is running,is playing games with a little girl.
3、You know the rules which were made by us.
4、I can not move the table which is too heavy.
5、I will catch the bus which is coming towards us.
6、He told me he had done his homework,which is a lie.
7、He overcame all the obstacles in the past ten years,which is amazing.
8、My girlfriend likes dancing with other guys,which really drives me crazy.
9、The world which looks like a big ball is made up of matter.
10、The house,which was built in 1930s,looks so different from any of the other buildings around it.
which引导的定语从句
关系代词which引导的定语从句, 指物,在从句中可以作主语、宾语等。多数情况下,可与that互换。但是要注意当从句中,介词提前只能用which,而且,在非限制性定语从句中,which引导的句子单独翻译为一句话。
(1)“The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders。”(2007-4-3)
考点:board董事会,be responsible for代表, on behalf of代表(注意在写作中的应用),shareholder股东
解析:这个句子难度为低级,划横线部分为主句只有一个难点就是which的先行词是谁,是句子还是前面的一个名词,很显然,这个句子中是指市场价值,而不是这种能力。
翻译:保护客户资料的能力是市场价值的关键,董事会代表股东对市场价值负有责任。
难点总结:介词短语,which的先行词,非限制性定语从句一般翻译为一个单句。
(2)In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another。
考点:multi-media 传媒集团(最好不要翻译为多媒体集团), bring together 组织,集合,work in relation to one another 彼此协作,publishing houses出版社
解析:此句难度为高级,划线部分为主句, 冒号后是主句的同位语,由which引导的定语从句来修饰groups,句尾还有that引导的定语从句来修饰television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses。As在这个句子中是副词,修饰副词elsewhere,翻译为“就像在其他地方一样”。
翻译:在欧洲,就像在其他地方一样,多媒体集团越来越成功了,这些集团把相互之间有紧密联系的电视台、电台、报纸、杂志、出版社组合到了一起。
难点总结:确认关系代词which,that的先行词(记得当先行词是两个或者两个以上的人或者物时,关系代词要用that。),as的用法。
(3)Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account。(2006-3-4)
考点:take into account考虑(注意要用在写作中,尤其是建议信中例如:You need to take the following factor into account when you make a decision。)
解析:这个句子难度为低级。Which在此指代的是a correct baseline。
翻译:麦尔斯博士和沃姆博士指出,他们的工作确定了一个准确的底线,未来的管理必须将其考虑进去。
难点总结:确定which的先行词。
(4)For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty。
考点:semiconductor半导体,casualty伤亡,解析:这个句子难度为高级,这个句子是主句里套从句,从句里又套从句的结构,所以分清楚主句特别重要,主句为划线部分,其中as though 引导一个方式状语从句,这个从句中又有一个由which(先行词为the making of semiconductors)引导的非限制性定语从句。
翻译:曾有一段时间,似乎半导体制造业是另一个将要覆没的产业,要知道半导体正是美国人所发明,它在计算机新时代起着核心作用。
难点总结:注意句子结构。注意各个连词的指代和意义。
which定语从句例句
which引导非限定性定语从句时有一个特殊用法, 即它所引导的非限定性定语从句修饰主句中更多的部分甚至整个主句(这时被定语从句所修饰的“先行词”要作广义理解), which仍在定语从句中作主语、 宾语或表语。例如:
He set free the birds happily, which was a celebration for his success. 他开心地把鸟放了, 这是对他成功的一种庆祝。
把非限定性定语从句“which was a celebration for his success”的先行词视为主句中的“the birds”显然不符合整句的语境, 被“which was a celebration for his success”所修饰的是整个主句, which所引导的这类特殊的非限定性定语从句对主句所叙述的情况进行某种意义的补充说明,which常可译为“这一点, 这件事”。
which定语从句的用法
用which造定语从句 1
学英语,一大痛点在定语从句,which就是痛中之痛之一。which是定语从句的关系代词之一。GMAT语法考试限定,which有且仅有两种用法。
一、which前面有逗号,逗号前面是个名词,which就近指代那个名词。
(1) Tankfield emailed Pea some photos, which did not cheer Pea up.
which就近指代photos,定语从句中谓语动词did not cheer (Pea up)的发出者即从句主语即先行词photos,是photos没让豌豆家属高兴起来。
(2) Tankfield emailed Pea some photos, which Pea did not find interesting.
which就近指代photos,photos是定语从句中的宾语,把定语从句还原成一个完整句就是Pea did not find the photos interesting.
可以看到,上面两个句子都可以以that为关系代词改写,即
(1)Tankfield emailed Pea some photos that did not cheer Pea up.
(2)Tankfield emailed Pea some photos that Pea did not find interesting.
改写与原版区别在哪儿?就在一个逗号。which前面是名词,名词和which之间没逗号的,在GMAT语法里算错。
二、which前面是介词,介词前面是名词,which就近指代介词前的那个名词,名词和介词之间有无逗号均可。
Tankfield once lent Pea a book from which Pea glimpsed the basics of genes.
这个句子可以“拆”成如下两句:(每个定语从句都可以拆成两句,以先行词为拆分点)
(1)Tankfield once lent Pea a book.
(2)Pea glimpsed the basics of genes from the book.
先行词实际上是定语从句中介词的宾语,这时,需要把介词提前,避免如下表达:
(1)Tankfield once lent Pea a book, which Pea glimpsed the basics of genes from. (XXX)
(2)Tankfield once lent Pea a book that Pea glimpsed the basics of genes from. (XXX)
上中学的时候学过,which引导的定语从句叫“非限制性定语从句”,是不是?它怎么就“非限制性”了?回顾上述GMAT语法规定which有且仅有的两种用法,which指的都是就近的名词,从句其实还是限制性的。
所谓非限制性呢,是说which指逗号之前一套主谓所描述的情况,以逗号前的一个完整句为先行词。比如:
(1)Tankfield might never care to say Happy Birthday to Pea, which was rather sad.
(2)Tankfield might never care to say Happy Birthday to Pea, which Pea did not refuse to acknowledge to herself any more.
注意,这样的非限制性定语从句在GMAT语法中是不成立的,关于which,GMAT语法考试只认可上述两种限制性用法。那么,在GMAT语法考试规则范围内,用什么方法能够表达出原来学过的非限制性定语从句的意思来呢?
分成两句或做出同位语来都是可以的,当然,需要先找出一个名词把原来非限制性定语从句的先行词(即那个完整的句子)概括出来。
一、分成两句
Tankfield might never care to say Happy Birthday to Pea. The fact was rather sad.
Tankfield might never care to say Happy Birthday to Pea. Pea did not refuse to acknowledge the fact to herself any more.
二、做同位语
Tankfield might never care to say Happy Birthday to Pea, the fact, rather sad,beingwhat Pea did not refuse to acknowledge to herself any more.
定语从句中的that和which用法区别
1、先行若是不定代,that就把which踹
春雨惊春清谷天,夏满芒夏暑相连,秋处露秋寒霜降,冬雪雪冬小大寒。上半年是六廿一,下半年来八廿三,每月两节日期定,最多相差一二天。当先行词为anything, everything, nothing, all, any, much, many, one等不定代词时,只能使用“that”, 不用“which”.
例:Is there anything that I can do for you? 我能给你做点什么吗?
2、先行词前有两数,就用that定无误
当先行词是基数词或序数词修饰时,只能使用“that”, 不用“which”.
例句:
That is the second time that I have been to Japan.
那是我去日本的第二次。
The two buildings that lay on the River Thames fell down last week.
坐落在泰晤士河岸边的那两座大楼上星期倒塌了。
3、先行词前最高级,还用that必无疑
当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时,只能使用“that”, 不用“which”.
例句:
This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had.
这是我度过的最美好的.时光。
4、句中若有there be, that应把which替
例:
There is no evidence that animals possess a mysterious sixth-sense allowing them to predict natural disasters.
说动物拥有神秘的第六感,可以预知自然灾害,这是没有根据的。
5、先行主中做表语,避免重复从句里
例句:
1)This is not the hospital that it used to be.
这已经不再是以前那座医院了。
2)Mr Thomson is not the man that he was.
汤姆森先生已经不再是以前的他了。
解析:定语从句的先行词均在主句中做表语。
例句:
Which is the course that we are to take ?
我们要学哪门课?
解析:句中已有which,后面不再用which,避免重复用that。
6、先行词前有just/the only/very/same/last等词,关系代词用that,不用which
例句:
1) The North Pole is the only place that you can see polar bears.
北极是唯一能见到北极熊的地方。
2)This is the same bike that he lost.
这就是他丢了的那辆自行车。
注意区分:
3) This is the same bike as he lost.
这辆自行车和他丢的那辆一样。(但不是)
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