定语从句如何找先行词

时间:2024-08-07 18:29:34 英语 我要投稿
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定语从句如何找先行词

  怎么找出定语从句中先行词,然后怎么判断先行词做什么成份呢?有哪些技巧与方法?下面小来告诉你定语从句如何找先行词,欢迎大家分享!

  定语从句先行词

  先行词是被定语从句所修饰的名词、代词。在定语从句中充当一定的部分。之所以称它为先行词,是因为修饰它的定语从句总是放在它之后,先行词总是出现在定语从句之前,而不同于普通形容词修饰名词时,形容词位于名词之前。

  把先行词还原到从句中,就能判断做什么成份.

  如:I will never forget the day when I first went to school.(先行词是day)

  从句=I first went to school on the day.

  (on the day 在从句中作状语=when)

  I will never forget the day that was veryecial to me.(先行词是day)

  从句=The day was very special to me

  (the day 在从句中作主语=that/which)

  修饰定语从句的先行词有哪些,如何使用

  一、关系代词(在句中作主语、宾语或定语)

  1. that既可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which在从句中作宾语也可以省略。[eg:this is the book (which)you want。]而且,如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置

  2. which作宾语时,根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系,先行词与which之间的介词不能丢

  3. 代表物时多用which,但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which,这些词包括当先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时,或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时等,这时的that常被省略 还有先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,或先行词就是序数词或最高级时.以及先行词中既有人又有物时.还有句中前面有which时,都只能用that

  4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和宾语,whom作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语

  5. whose是关系代词,修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它引导的从句修饰物体时, 可以与 of which 调换,表达的意思一样。

  二、关系副词(在句中作状语)

  关系副词=介词+关系代词

  why=for which

  where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)

  when=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)

  1. where是关系副词,用来表示地点的定语从句。

  2. when引导定语从句表示时间〔注〕值得一提的是,表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导。

  By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her. Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc。

  3. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时,常用there is来引导

  There is somebody here who wants to speak to you. 这里有人要和你说话。

  定语从句先行词例句

  例句:This is the book which I am looking for.

  它是我正在寻找的书。

  其中的“the book”是先行词,“which”是引导词。

  例句:He is Mr. Robertsonwho comesfromEngland.

  他是来自英国的罗伯森先生。

  其中的“Mr. Robertson”是先行词,“who”是引导词。

  例句:Was that a singer that sang Xi Yangyang?

  那个唱喜洋洋的歌手是谁?

  其中的“a singer”是先行词,“that”是引导词。

  定语从句先行词关系

  先行词

  被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。我们可以这样认为,之所以称它为先行词,是因为修饰它的定语从句总是放在它之后,先行词总是出现在定语从句之前,而不同于普通形容词修饰名词时,形容词位于名词之前。

  Don’t forgetthe bookthat I told you to bring.(“the book”为先行词)

  别忘了把我让你带的书带过来。

  关系词

  引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。关系词根据其在定语从句中的功能可分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等,关系副词在定语从句中作状语。

  含有定语从句的句子一般分为两层:即主句层(第一层),定语从句层(第二层)。

  种类

  常见的关系代词

  常见的关系副词

  定语从句先行词位置

  当代词 that 用作先行词后接定语从句时,定语从句通常用关系代词which来引导。如:

  We have that which we need. 我们需要的东西都有了。

  That which I say and do is my own affair. 我说什么做什么是我自己的事。

  The true cost often differsfromthat which had first been projected. 实际成本经常与最初计划的有所不同。

  What is that which you have just stuffed into the plastic cup? 你刚才塞在塑料杯里的是什么东西?

  They say the only real knowledge is that which can be measured. 据说唯一真实的知识是可以检验的知识。

  但 that which 这一说法相当正式,在现代英语中通常改用 what。如:

  That which (=What) many people say is not always true. 很多人说的话并不表示一定是真的。

  顺便说一句,that 后可接定语从句,但 this 后习惯上不接定语从句。

  定语从句知识点

  1.who指人,在从句中做主语

  (1)The boys who are playing football arefromClass One.

  (2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.

  2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。

  (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.

  注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。

  (3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.

  3. which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略

  (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语)

  (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)

  4. that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。

  在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。

  (5) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语)

  (6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)

  5. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语

  (1) He has a friendwhose father is a doctor.

  (2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.

  whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替

  (3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

  =The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

  (5)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?

  =Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?

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