定语从句解题方法和例句

时间:2023-07-21 18:25:19 美云 英语 我要投稿
  • 相关推荐

定语从句解题方法和例句

  定语从句是英语学习不能回避的语法,学会它,英语写作水平提升一个等级。下面是小编收集整理的定语从句解题方法和例句,希望对您有所帮助!如果你觉得不错的话,欢迎分享!

  一、选准关系代词和关系副词

  在定语从句中,关系代词或关系副词都代替先行词在从句中充当一定的成分,如果该从句中缺少主语、表语、宾语或定语,就要用关系代词来连接从句;如果从句中缺少状语,就得用关系副词来连接从句。

  例如:

  (1) I still remember the days which / that we spent together.

  (2) I still remember the days when we worked together.

  二、了解仅用that 引导限制性定语从句的几种情况

  that 在限制性定语从句中既可指人又可指事或物。在下列情况下,只能用that 来引导定语从句:

  1. 先行词是all , much, few, little, everything, anything, nothing 等不定代词时。

  例如:

  Is there anything that you want to buy?

  2. 先行词被all, few, little, much, every, some, no等词修饰或被the only, the very, the same, the last 等限定词修饰时。

  例如:

  These are all the pictures that I have seen.

  This is the very dictionary that is of greathelp.

  3. 先行词既指人又指物时。

  例如:

  My father and his teacher talked a lot about the things and the persons that they could remember.

  4. 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。

  例如:

  Our school is not the one that it used to be.

  5. 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。

  例如:

  This is the best English film that I have ever seen.

  The first English novel that I read was A Tale of Two Cities.

  6. 主句是who 或which 引导的特殊问句时。

  例如:

  Who is the girl that is standing under the tree?

  Which is the machine that we used last Sunday?

  三、把握“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的选用

  1.介词的选择与主句中先行词的搭配密切相关。

  例如:

  Thats the reason for which he was late for school.

  This is the book on which I spent 8 yuan.

  2. 定语从句中谓语动词是含有介词的动词短语时,介词应放在动词之后,不能拆开放在关系代词前。

  例如:

  This is the key which you are looking for.

  This is the baby whom you will look after.

  3. 该结构中,关系代词指人时用whom,指物时用which.

  四、弄清as 和which 引导的非限制性定语从句指代整体时的区别

  1.位置上的区别:as 引导的非限制性定语从句的位置比较灵活,可以放在主句前,也可以放在主句后,还可插在主句的中间;而which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。

  例如:

  As is known to us all, the earth turns around the sun.

  The earth, as is known to us all, turns around the sun.

  The earth turns around the sun, as is known to us all.

  The earth turns around the sun, which our parents once told us when we were very young.

  2.词义与联系上的区别:as 引导的非限制性定语从句与主句之间有着较为密切的上下文联系,as 本身含有“正如”之意;而which 引导的非限制性定语从句与主句之间在逻辑意义上近似并列句,which 本身表示“这”或“这一点”之意。

  例如:

  Light travels faster than sound, as we all know.

  Jack came late for school, which made his teacher angry.

  五、注意定语从句的主谓一致性

  关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语必须与先行词保持人称和数的一致。

  例如:

  Tom is one of the boys who are from the USA.

  Tom is the only one of the boys who is from the USA.

  六、保持主句的完整性并避免从句成分的重叠

  1. 在定语从句中,不管出现任何情况,主句的结构必须完整,即主句必须有主语和谓语,缺一不可,否则,整个主从复合句就无法成立。

  例如:

  (1)Is this factory _______ we visited last week?

  (2)Is this the factory _______ we visited last week?

  A. which B. where C. what D. the one

  2. 从定语从句中,关系代词或关系副词已经代替先行词独立地或与相应的介词一起在定语从句中充当了一定的成分,因此在定语从句中就不能再出现与关系代(副)词重叠的成分。

  例如:

  错句:Is this the train that they took it last Sunday?

  分析:该题中that 已经代替先行词the train 在定语从句中充当及物动词took 的宾语,故重叠出现的宾语it必须删去。

  从句构成

  关系从句的句法功能主要是充当定语。在英语中,关系从句通常位于它所修饰的词(组)之后。被关系从句修饰的词(组)叫做先行词(antecedent),引导关系从句的词称为关系词,关系词指代先行词,并在关系从句中充当一定的成分。例如:

  This is the book which interests me.(“which interests me”是关系从句,修饰先行词“book”,而关系词“which”指代先行词“book”并在关系从句中充当主语。这句话可以拆分为两个句子来理解:“This is the book.”和“The book interests me.”)

  从句分类

  关系从句有限制性关系从句(restrictive relative clause或defining relative clause)和非限制性关系从句(non-restrictive relative clause/non-defining relative clause)之分。限制性关系从句起限定作用,修饰特定的名词或名词短语;而非限制性关系从句只起补充说明某种信息的作用。例如:

  The government which promises to cut taxes will be popular.(限制性关系从句)

  The government, which promises to cut taxes, will be popular.(非限制性关系从句)

  There were very few passengers who escaped without serious injury. (限制性关系从句)

  There were very few passengers, who escaped without serious injury. (非限制性关系从句)

  限制性关系从句

  从语义上看,限制性关系从句主要起限定作用,修饰特定的人(sb.)或(sth.)事物,如果去掉限制性定语从句,整个句子表意会不完整甚至不通顺;从结构上看,限制性关系从句常紧跟先行词,并且同先行词之间一般不加逗号分隔(但不是绝对的)。

  限制性关系从句的关系词包括:that, which, who,whom, whose, as, than等。

  非限制性关系从句

  从语义上看,非限制性关系从句主要起补充说明的作用,有时相当于一个并列分句或状语从句,可以表达原因、目的、结果、条件、让步等意义。例如:

  Dr Lee, who had read through the instructions carefully before doing his experiments, did not obtain satisfactory results. (非限制性关系从句表示让步的意义,相当于though Dr Lee had read through the instructions...)

  非限制性定语从句的关系词包括:which, who, whom, whose, as等,另外that在非限制性关系从句中并非绝对不可使用。

【定语从句解题方法和例句】相关文章:

定语从句和例句01-19

定语从句例句01-22

as定语从句例句11-16

定语从句的经典例句12-27

定语从句的例句01-20

同位语和定语从句例句01-27

定语从句whom例句11-27

定语从句when的例句10-12

双重定语从句例句07-27

简单定语从句经典例句01-27