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同位语从句和定语从句的区别有哪些
同位语从句,指的是在复合句中充当同位语的从句,属于名词性从句的范畴,同位语从句用来对其前面的抽象名词进行解释说明,被解释说明的词和同位语在逻辑上是主表关系。下面是小编精心整理的同位语从句和定语从句的区别有哪些,仅供参考,大家一起来看看吧。
同位语从句和定语从句的区别有哪些1
在教学中,同位语从句和定语从句是个难点。为了帮助老师和同学们解决这个难点,现就同位语从句和定语从句的区别谈谈自己的一点看法。同位语从句和定语从句都放在被修饰词的后边,从形式上来看,它们十分相似。从以下几个方面来谈它们的区别。
1、从句所修饰词的不同。同位语从句所修饰词通常是少数一些表示抽象意义的名词,如belief , doubt , fact , hope , idea , news , possibility , thought , order , suggestion , wish , answer , information , conclusion , decision , discovery , knowledge , law , opinion , problem , promise , proof , question , report , truth , risk 等。定语从句的先行词可以指人、物等。例如:
He has told us a fact that drinking too much does harm to our health.他又告诉我们一个事实,过渡饮酒对健康有害。(同位语从句)
We have no idea that her mother was a professor ten years ago. . 我们不知道她的母亲十年前是个教授。(同位语从句)
This is the book that I bought yesterday. 这是我昨天买的那本书。(定语从句)
I will never forget the day when I joined the Party. 我将永远不会忘记我入党的那一天。(定语从句)
2. 连接词的作用不同。连接同位语从句的that只起连接作用,不在从句中担任任何句子成分。whether 和 how 可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句。关系代词和关系副词除了连接从句的作用外,还在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分,如主语、宾语、定语、表语等。引导定语从句的连接词是关系词,常见的关系代词和关系副词有that , which , who , whose , whom , when , where , why , as,than, but 等。
The news that he wants to get is whether he will be sent to the countryside.他所想得到的消息是他是否将被派往农村。(定语从句,关系代词that作从句get的宾语。)
Do you have a doubt whether she will be dismissed from school? 你怀疑她是否能被学校开除吗?(同位语从句)
I have no idea how his parents were sad on hearing that their son was killed in the earthquake. 我不知道他的父母一听到他在地震中阵亡是多么悲伤!(同位语从句)
3. 从句作用的不同。定语从句具有形容词或副词的特点,对先行词起修饰、限定作用,描述先行词的.性质或特征,与先行词之间是所属关系。同位语从句具有名词的特点,对中心词作进一步补充解释,是中心词的具体内容。例如:
The man that you saw just now is my bother. 你刚才看到的那个人是我的弟弟。(定语从句)
The suggestion that the meeting be put off proved right.推迟会议的建议证明是正确得。(同位语从句)
The suggestion that he had made is that the meeting be put off. 他提出的建议推迟会议。(定语从句)
4. 正确理解和使用同位语从句,还应注意以下几点:
A.分隔同位语从句:有时同位语从句与其先行词被其它成分分隔开来,这种分隔主要出于修辞原因,即为了保持句子结构平衡,避免头重脚轻。
The whole truth came out at last that he was a wolf in sheep‘s clothing . 真相终于大白了,他原来是只披着羊皮的狼。
An order has come from Beijing that these thieves will be sentenced to death .
B.在某些名词后的同位语从句中,其谓语动词应用虚拟语气形式:(should) + 动词原形。常见的名词有advice , idea , order , demand , plan , proposal , suggestion , request 等。例如:
The suggestion that a new bridge (should浅谈同位语从句和定语从句的区别) be built was accepted . 采纳了在这里修建一座新桥的建议。
C.同位语从句的先行词往往没有复数形式。例如:
他要来教我们英语的消息昨天我就听说了。
(正)The message that he would teach us English reached me yesterday .
(误)The messages that he would teach us English reached me yesterday .
同位语从句与定语从句的区别
(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语),而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。
(2) 定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述定的性质或特征;同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如:
1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.(他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。)(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语)
2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。)(同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分)
同位语从句和定语从句的区别有哪些2
同位语从句只能用that做连接词,且that在从句中不做成分,一般修饰idea,plan,assumption,suggestion等。
定语从句的连接词that只是众多连接词中的一个,that要做从句中的主语或宾语,先行词既可以是人,也可以是物。
1)Kelly thought of an idea. North Korean can kidnap an American in case tension with the U S. continue to escalate.
这是两个独立的简单句,但都是完整的。所以用句号。把这俩合成一个句子就是,把句号去掉,第二个句子前加that。先行词是idea。
kelly thought of an idea that North Korean can kidnap in case tension with the U.S. continue to escalate.
Kelly相出了一个主意,在北韩与美国紧张持续升级的情况下,北韩可以绑架美国人。
在从句的谓语动词can kidnap前有它自己的主语north Korean。that只起连接作用。同位语从句的从句不缺主语和宾语
2)Kelly thought of an idea. The idea made America administration very tense and strained.
这也是两个简单句。句子中间用句号。但第二句的主语idea和第一句的idea是一个词。所以这两个简单句合成一个复合句就是,that代替第二句的idea,做从句的主语。句号去掉
Kelly thought of an idea that made America administration very tense and strained.
Kelly想出了一个主意,它使得美国政府非常紧张和疲累。
在从句里,从句的`谓语动词前就是连接词that。没有别的词。that 做从句的主语。
3)Kelly thought of an idea. Chilly can not understand that idea.
两个简单句合成一个定语从句就是,句号去掉,Chilly前加that,或者可以省略。第二个句子的idea去掉。
Kelly thought of an idea (that)Chilly can not understand.
Understand 的宾语是连接词that,that 代替的是understand的宾语idea。
备注:
that引导的定语从句一定是在从句中做主语或宾语,而同位语从句的that只起连接作用,不做成分。
同位语从句的连接词that一定不能省略。而定语从句的that如果做从句的宾语、that可以省略。
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