考研英语阅读被动语态语法分析
【难句】1. Questions are increasingly being asked by the councils about how they can be sure that misconduct is not taking place on the grants they provide.
【结构分析】 本句使用了被动语态的现在进行时结构，主干为Questions are increasingly being asked about ，施动者by the councils构成了分隔结构。在翻译时，我们可以化被动为主动，the councils are increasingly asking questions about ，介词about后的宾语由how引导的从句how they can be sure 充当，这里又包含一个特殊的结构 主语+adj.+从句 ，that引导的名词性从句 misconduct is not taking place on the grants they provide中，grants后是一个省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，关系代词在从句中作provide的宾语。
【参考译文】 各委员会越来越多地提出问题 关于他们如何能够确保在他们同意的情况下避免发生处理不当的行为。
【难句】2. It s much easier to say Great idea! when a terrific solution has been put forward by someone on your team, than it is to take the time to explain why an employee s favorite brainchild isn t going anywhere except the circular file.
【结构分析】 本句成分复杂。以逗号为切入点，得到一个比较结构It s much easier to say Great idea! than 。it是形式主语，前半部分的`真正主语由不定式结构to say Great idea! 充当，这里包含一个when引导的时间状语从句when a terrific solution has been put forward by someone on your team，使用了被动语态的现在完成时。后半部分真正主语为to take the time to explain ，explain后的宾语是why引导的宾语从句 why an employee s favorite brainchild isn t going anywhere except the circular file。在翻译时，我们将状语提前，且化被动为主动。
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