如何写好英语作文

时间:2024-02-20 09:32:04 英语 我要投稿
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如何写好英语作文

  无论是身处学校还是步入社会,大家都接触过作文吧,作文一定要做到主题集中,围绕同一主题作深入阐述,切忌东拉西扯,主题涣散甚至无主题。那要怎么写好作文呢?以下是小编整理的如何写好英语作文,欢迎阅读,希望大家能够喜欢。

如何写好英语作文

  一、"There be"结构

  考生病句:

  1. There are many people like to go to the movies.

  2. There are different kinds of vegetables can be bought on the market by people.

  正确表达:

  1. There are many people who like to go to the movies.

  2. There are different kinds of vegetables that people can buy on the market.

  这两个例句的错误比较有普遍性,因为在历次考试中有不少考生不能正确运用there be这一最常用的句式。在这种结构中,there是引导词,没有实际意义。be在句中作谓语,有时态和数的变化。

  例如:

  1. There was no school in the village at that time. (=there was not a school...)注意:在否定句中,否定词用no,也可用not a或not any。not a后接单数名词,not any 后接复数名词,no后面的名词单复数都可以。

  2. There is not a moment to be lost.

  3. There are many people rushing into the cities every year.

  4. There are many things we can do to prevent traffic accidents.

  5. There is no use holding back the wheel of history.

  从以上例句还可看出,句中的主语后面可接多种修饰语,如介词短语.不定式短语.定语从句.分词短语等等。这无疑使该结构增加了表现力,使句子表达内容更加丰富。 在运用这一结构时,考生最容易犯的错误是在there be之后又用了一个动词作谓语,使句子结构出现严重错误。这里列举的考生的典型错误均属这种情况,对此我们在写作中要格外注意。

  二、比较结构

  考生病句:

  1. Comparing with the bike, the car runs much faster.

  2. The climate in Walton is colder than other cities.

  正确表达:

  1. Compared with the bike, the car runs much faster.

  2. The climate in Walton is colder than that of other cities.

  评议与分析:许多考生在作文中用compare或than表示比较,但相当多的表达有误。

  在例1中,对两个事物进行比较的句式为Compared with A, B...,只能用compare的过去分词,不能用现在分词,因为B是分词的逻辑主语,只能被比较。在例2中,考生误将"天气"与"城市"进行比较,而二者没有可比性,只有将后者改为"其他城市的天气"才符合逻辑,很显然,考生的错误是受了汉语表达习惯的影响。

  比较结构是常用结构,正确地使用这一结构可以使文章的句式增加变化,有利于提高写作成绩。一般说来,考生若能恰当.正确地运用这一结构,其写作成绩应在5分以上。

  下面是比较结构的一些常用的表达方法。

  1. 同级比较

  1. In 1998 we produced as many cars as we did in the previous five years.

  2. We have accomplished as much in the past three years as would have taken ten yearsin the past.

  2. 比较级

  1. Children now enjoy better medical treatment than before.

  2. We can live longer without food than we can (live .without water.

  3. 最高级

  1. This is the most interesting book Ive ever read.

  2. Of all his novels I like this one best.

  4. the more…the more…结构

  1.The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.

  2.The more a man knows, the more he discovers his ignorance.

  5. 选择比较

  1.I prefer staying at home to going out.

  2.They prefer to work rather than (to.sit idly.

  3.He prefers to work alone.

  注意:这里的1.句用的是Prefer A to B结构,to为介词,后接名词或动名词;2.句是以不定式作 prefer的宾语;3.句用法同2.,只是不把rather than部分表达出来。

  6. 对比

  1.Motion is absolute while stagnation is relative.

  2.He is tired out, whereas she is full of vigour.

  注意:while 和whereas均可用于连接两个意义对立的分句,相当于汉语的"而"字。许多考生能较好地运用这一句式,尤其在图表作文中。

  三、表达原因的结构

  考生病句:

  1. The real reason to our failure is not far to seek.

  2. The reason for this is because some people want to earn plenty of money withoutworking hard.

  正确表达:

  1. The real reason for our failure is not far to seek.

  2. The reason for this is that some people want to earn plenty of money without working hard.

  评议与分析:

  以上两个病句分别引自92年1月和97年12月四级考试的考生作文。从遣词造句上看,这两位考生具有一定的写作能力,not far to seek, plenty of money以及without working hard等均运用正确.恰当。但令人遗憾的是,第一位考生不知道reason不与to搭配而应接介词for,第二位考生犯了一个中国学生常犯的错误,就是用because引起表语从句,because这个词不能引起表语从句,在本句中只能改用that才正确。

  掌握好表达原因的结构是十分重要的,几乎所有的写作试题都要求写原因或可以写原因。在大学英语四.六级考试.研究生入学英语考试以及TOEFL考试中,写作的文体基本上是议论文,而议论文的基本模式是摆事实.讲道理,讲道理就是说明原因。写作测试的文体决定了表达原因结构的重要性。

  英语中用来表达原因这一概念的结构有多种。我们可用as , because, since, seeing that, considering that, now that, not that...等词组引出表示原因的从句。例如:

  1. Now that we have seen these great achievements with our own eyes, we feel moreproud than ever of our country.

  2. Professor Liu is strict with us because he wants us to make rapid progress.

  3. Since we live near the sea, we enjoy a healthy climate.

  4. Pollution is still a serious problem, not that we dont have the ability to solve it, but thatsome people have not realized the consequences of the problem.

  我们还可以借助某些词语用简单句表达原因结构。例如:

  1. The reason for this change is quite obvious.

  2. Diligence is the key factor of success.

  3. Idleness is the root of all evils.

  4. He was ashamed to have made the mistake.(=He was ashamed that he had made themistake. =He was ashamed because he had made the mistake.)

  除了上述的例句外,英语中还有很多或易或难的表达原因的结构。我们在进行写作训练的时候,不能满足于一知半解,要讲究书面语言的正确性和准确性。比如,because是最常用的引导原因从句的连词,语气最强,表示直接的原因,若because置于句首,后面的主句不能再用so。用as引导的原因从句语气较弱,所说明的原因是附带的,而since表示的原因暗示着是稍加分析之后才能推断出来的原因。

  四、否定结构

  考生病句

  1. Some people think we neednt to worry about fresh water.

  2. Nowadays many people dont like to go to the movies, too.

  正确表达:

  1. Some people think we neednt worry (或dont need to worry.about fresh water.

  2. Nowadays many people dont like to go to the movies, either.

  评议与分析:

  例句1选自96年1月四级考生作文,例句2选自92年1月六级考生作文。例句1 的错误在于该考生混淆了need作为情态动词和作为普通动词的用法。need作为情态动词时,主要用于否定句,后面的动词不带to, neednt worry,作we的谓语。need作为实意动词时,可用于肯定句.否定句和疑问句,dont need to worry 中的to worry作dont need的宾语。例句2的错误在于该考生混淆了too和either的区别,这两个词都表示"也"的意思,但是在英语中too, also只能用于肯定句,而either只能用于否定句。

  写作技巧

  1、大量阅读

  好的写作,构建在大量阅读的前提下,母语人士从小就会阅读适合自己程度的故事书籍,培养良好的故事描述能力。我们在学习英语时缺乏阅读课外书籍,而只是做了很多阅读测验的文章,这对语言组织能力并没有正向的帮助,毕竟阅读时很多时候只是看关键词在作答。

  好的作文应该要从「模仿」开始,这可分为两种模仿。第一种是框架的模仿,如:模仿范文的框架与论述逻辑。第二种是笔调用语的模仿,如:多学习使用母语人士的地道用法。

  2、养成拟大纲的好习惯

  初学者在写作前要先练习拟定大纲,才能避免写作时想到什么写什么的情况。那会导致整篇文章看起来胡乱而毫无章法。那么具体该怎么列大纲呢?我们可以分为三点:

  1) 引言

  又称为「开头段」,每篇文章第一段必须是这篇文章主要论点的大纲提要。也就是我们说的呈上起下,所以第一段必须要重点点出本文的主旨。

  Eating healthily and working out on a daily basis can pay dividends. It took me years to realize that.

  健康饮食和每天锻炼可以带来好处。我花了很多年才意识到这一点。

  2) 内文

  又称为「主体段」。此段落是要用数个论点证明自己的论述。可以在一个主题句之下再延伸说明2-3句。所以假设有三个论点,那这个主体段就会有6-9句。

  I have a hectic schedule and a stressful job, so I used to sit at the desk for several hours in a row, which leads to obesity. It’s taking its toll on my health, so I decided to make a change and start to lead a healthy life. First, I try to get into the habit of working out on a daily basis. I hit the gym every night after work and it has become something of a ritual for me. Secondly, I strike a balance between work and life. I used to put in extra hours every day but now I decide to get things done before the end of day so I don’t have to work overtime. Thirdly, I eat a balanced meal. I was not a big fan of vegetables in the past but now I consume both meat and vegetables and fruits, so I will not suffer from malnutrition.

  我有一个繁忙的行程表和一份压力很大的工作,所以我经常连续几个小时坐在办公桌前,这会导致肥胖。这对我的健康造成了损害,所以我决定做出改变,开始过健康的生活。首先,我努力养成每天健身的习惯。我每天晚上下班后都去健身房,这已经成为我的一种例行公事。其次,我在工作和生活之间取得了平衡。我以前每天都加班,但现在我决定在一天结束前把事情做完,这样我就不用加班了。第三,我有均衡的饮食。我过去不太喜欢蔬菜,但现在我既吃肉类,也吃蔬菜和水果,所以我不会营养不良。

  3) 结尾

  又称为「结尾段」,这个段落就是将第一段换句话说,总结本篇文章的论点。

  I lost a few pounds by doing the things mentioned above and I have become much more efficient at work. All in all, we should do our best to lead a healthy life. Otherwise, we cannot enjoy our lives to the fullest.

  通过做上面提到的事情,我瘦了几磅,工作效率也提高了很多。总之,我们应该尽最大努力过健康的生活。否则,我们无法充分享受生活。

  3、练习写summary

  练习摘要技巧也是写作的一部分,报纸记者的入门评鉴之一,就是能否将很大篇幅的文字内化成精简的文字让一般民众能看懂。比如,如何将以下这段文字精简化,大家可以练习一下:

  Lionel Messi donned a black robe to lift the World Cup into the air after Argentina’s win over France for their third World Cup title.

  The dark cloak is an Arab bisht. According to the Arab News, a bisht is a traditional Arabian long cloak men wear over their thobes. The garment is usually worn on special occasions such as weddings. It is a prestigious statement garment and was given to Messi to honor the Argentina captain.

  Lionel Messi wore a black robe after Argentina won the World Cup 2022. The black robe is called Arab bisht, which is atraditonal Arablian long cloak men wear on speical occasions , such as weddings. It was given to Messi in honor of his achievement.

  4、多看commentary的文章,分析观点

  可以多阅读报纸的社论专栏 (editorial),以了解对最新时事的不同观点,因为社论专栏也是用口语笔调书写,因此也可以用来练习说成口语表达。切记「少就是多」的原则。有空就看一两段,然后用口语paraphrase (自我表述)出来,就很有帮助喔!

  5、抄写字典例句增强记忆

  平常看到不错的用法或是句型,务必要查询字典,因为像是牛津字典或剑桥字典的例句都能够让你轻松记住那个亮点,方便日后自己写作时使用。由母语人士写的文章反而没有字典例句来得容易背诵因而形成长期记忆。

  6、养成每周练习1篇作文的习惯

  每周可以练习针对一个议题写一篇作文,这里可以推荐利用托福和雅思作文的写作议题来练习论说文。也可以撰写日记来练习记叙文。我们可以利用作文批改软件知道自己哪个地方有问题而加以改善。

  7、记住3不要

  写作时有几个要避免的地方,如:

  1) 避免使用缩写,因为缩写形式一般用于口语

  2) 避免使用艰涩浮夸的单词,因为你的写作不是高级母语人士的等级,因此用那些单词会和你自己写作中过于简单的句子形成极为不搭的窘境。

  3) 避免使用第一人称或第二人称书写,一般写作会用第三人称。

  相信有了以上这些技巧,各位对写作是否有了更深一层的认识了呢?

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