关于英语之被动语态的翻译方法
英语(英语:English)是一种西日耳曼语支,最早被中世纪的英国使用,并因其广阔的殖民地而成为世界使用面积最广的语言。,下面是小编帮大家整理的关于英语之被动语态的翻译方法,仅供参考,大家一起来看看吧。
关于英语之被动语态的翻译方法
1、译成汉语的无主句
一些被动语态的句子可用汉语的无主句表达。
(1)It is important that fresh impetus be given to the national economy.
译文:重要的是,应该给国民经济注入新的活力。
(2)A court order was obtained, permitting the police to subject him to a lie detector test.
译文:获得了法庭指令,允许警察对他使用测谎仪进行测谎。
(3)It must be recognized that China is still a developing country.
译文:必须承认中国还是一个发展中的国家。
考研英语被动语态翻译法技巧有哪些
1) 变为汉语的主动形式。
It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端,它使人们认为应该这样对待动物:要么像对待人类自身一样关切体谅,要么完全冷漠无情。
2) 译成具有被动意义的汉语结构。
For all the help this computer may provide, it should not be seen as a substitute for fundamental thinking and reasoning skills.尽管计算机可以提供那么多的帮助,它却不应该被看作是基本的思维和推理技巧的替代物。
How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.这些预测将在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实取决于所用信息的数量、可靠程度、适宜程度以及用来解释这些信息的技巧与才智。
3) 增添“人们”、“大家”等适当的词做汉语译文的主语。
And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.许多人认为普通人的思维活动根本无法和科学家的思维过程想比较,他们并认为这些思维过程必须经过某中专门训练才能掌握。
During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.在这种转变中,历史学家研究历史时,那些解释新史料的新方法充实了传统的历史研究方法。
英语被动语态的复习知识
一般现在时:am/is/are+p.p.
一般过去时:was/were+p.p.
一般将来时:shall /will be +p.p.
现在完成时:have /has been +p.p.
现在进行时:am/is/are+being+p.p.
过去将来时:should /would be +p.p.
含情态动词的被动结构:情态动词+be+p.p.例如:
① Chinese ______ by the largest number of people.
A.speak
B.is speaking
C.speaks
D.is spoken
(选D。考查一般现在时的被动语态)
② The boy ______ to get supper ready after school.
A.were told
B.is telling
C.was told
D.tells
(选C。考查一般过去时的被动语态)
③ A lot of new roads ______ built in the west of China.
A.must
B.must be
C.has
D.have
(选B。考查含情态动词的被动语态)
初中英语被动语态规律知识点
主动:He answered me the question. (正)
被动:I was answered the question by him. (正)
被动:The question was answered me by him. (误)
以上句子涉及带双宾语动词的被动语态问题。这个问题可以从三个方面去概括:
有些带双宾语的动词转换为被动语态时,可以有两种形式(即可用直接宾语或间接宾语作主语),这类动词主要的有:buy,give,lend,pay,show,teach,tell,offer,leave,award 等:
他给了她一些钱。
主动:He gave her some money. (正)
被动:She was given some money by him. (正)
被动:Some money was given (to) her by him. (正)
有些带双宾语的动词转换为被动语态时,通常要用直接宾语作主语,这类动词主要的有:do,make,pass,sell,sing,write 等:
他给她写了封信。
主动:He wrote her a letter. (正)
被动:A letter was written (to) her by him. (正)
被动:She was written a letter by him. (少见)
有些带双宾语的动词转换为被动语态时,通常要用间接宾语作主语,这类动词主要的有:answer,refuse,save,spare,deny,envy 等:
他们不允许我入场。
主动:They refused me admittance. (正)
被动:I was refused admittance by them. (正)
被动:Admittance was refused me by them. (少见)
英语被动语态完全手册
一、语态概述
英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为:主动、主动、主去动。
例如:Many people speak English.
谓语:speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。巧记为:被动、被动、主被动。例如:English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。
主动态和被动态指的是动词形式,是词法概念;而主动句和被动句则指的是句子结构,从而是句法概念。所谓主动句就是由主动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子,而被动句则是由被动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子。
例如:He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句)
The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句)
二、被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时:am/is/are+taught
一般过去时:was/were+taught
一般将来时:will/shall be+taught
现在进行时:am/is/are being+taught
过去进行时:have/has been+taught
现在完成时:have/has been+taught
歌诀是:被动语态be字变,过去分词跟后面。
三、被动语态的用法
(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
例如:
Some new computers were stolen last night.
一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)
This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。
(2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。
例如:the window was broken by Mike.窗户是迈克打破的。
This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。
Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。
歌诀:谁做的动作不知道,说出谁做的没有必要;
动作承受者需强调,被动语态运用到。
四、主动语态变被动语态的方法
(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词)
(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。
(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。例如:
All the people laughed at him.
He was laughed at by all people.
They make the bikes in the factory.
The bikes are madeby them in the factory.
歌诀是:宾变主,主变宾,by短语后面跟。
谓语动词变被动,be后“过分”来使用。
五、含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成,原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。
歌诀是:情态动词变动,情态加be加“过分”,原来带to要保留。例如:
We can repair this watch in two days.
This watch can be repaired in two days.
You ought to take it away.
It ought to be taken away.
They should do it at once.
It should be done at once。
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