高一英语改错技巧
“短文改错”题是各类考试中的一个重要题型。尽管该题难度不大,但仍有一些同学在做此类题目时不得要领,接下来小编搜集了高一英语改错技巧,欢迎查看,希望帮助到大家。
高一英语改错技巧
一、查时态是否一致
时态错误几乎是每年NMET短文改错中必设的改错题。要有目的地去检查文中的每一个谓语动词的时态与上下文、语境以及该句的时间状语是否相符和一致。
例如: Today, it is mucheasier to be healthy than it is in the past. (NMET' 93) is 应改为was,使之与时间状语in the past一致。
二、查主谓是否一致
在检查谓语动词的时态和语态是否正确的同时,还要注意检查该动词在人称和数上是否与主语保持了一致。例如:
1. Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to borrow them.(NMET' 94)cost应改为costs,因其主语是it(为形式主语),且上下文均为一般现在时。
2.The new boy or girl in school quickly become one of theclass…(NMET'93)由or连接的两个以上的主语应由靠近谓语的主语来决定谓语的单复数形式,故become应改为becomes。
主谓语一致的情况较为复杂,考生平时学习要留心归纳。有些特殊句式的主谓一致问题很容易被忽视,如倒装句、关系代词在定语从句中做主语的情况等,答题时要高度重视。
三、查指代是否一致
对于短文中出现的每一个代词都要查一下它所指代的内容以及在句中的作用,注意其数、格、词性是否正确和前后一致,包括人称代词、指标代词、反身代词、关系代词以及疑问代词等。指代错误也是高考改错题中常设的改错题。例如:
1. We climb everywhere, not only in America. They have been toEurope…(NMET'92)根据上下文,句中的They属指代不一致,应改为We。
2. The game speaks for themselves. ( MET'90) 句中的反身代词themselves应改为单数itself,因为指代的是单数主语the game。
四、查平行结构是否平行一致
由and,or,but,either…or…,neither…nor…,not only …but also…,as well as等并列连词和词组连接的结构可称为平行结构。平行结构在词性、时态、非谓语动词的形式上往往要求前后一致。答题时要留心平行结构前后是否对等平行,这也是常设的错误。
例如:Modern people know…,have better food,and to live in cleaner surroundings. (NMET'93)应将 to live前的to删掉,因为and连接的.是know,have,live三个并列平行的谓语动词,其时态和形式必须一致。
五、查名词的单复数与修饰词语或上下文是否一致
名词数的错误也是高考常设的改错题。要查一下名词是否可数,与其修饰语是否一致。例如:
1.…They have been to Europe many time. (NMET'92)time(次)显然与修饰语many不一致,应改为times。
2.(They) … asked me lots of question.(NMET'96)question 是可数名词,其修饰词是lots of,当然应该用复数questions。
六、查行文逻辑是否一致
查这方面的错误应从文章整体内容出发,通篇考虑,以行为单位是难以发现这种错误的。逻辑不一致主要是由肯定与否定、关联词语以及动词(如come与go,take与bring)的误用所造成的,应多从这方面去查找。例如:
1. Most people can quickly get help from a doctor or go to ahospital since they are ill.(NM ET'93)根据行文逻辑,这里不应该由since来引导原因状语从句,而应该是when/whenever或if来引导时间或条件状语从句。
2. We tried to fix it and there was nothing we could do. (NMET'91)根据行文逻辑,表示并列关系的and 应改为表示转折关系的but。
改错类型汇总
1、从句
一、考点规律分析
短文改错对从句引导词的考查主要涉及根据句意正确选用引导词、引导词的误加与漏用、将不是从句的东西误认为是从句而误加引导词等。
二、真题单句归纳
(1)However, there are still some countries there people have shorter lives. (there 改为 where,where 在此引导定语从句) (全国卷)
(2) I also enjoyed the evenings when we spent together. (去掉 when 或将 when 改为 that/which,因这里的定语从句中谓语动词(spent)缺宾语,故只能用关系代词 that或将其省略)
(3) I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (where 改为 which,因此处要填关系代词作主语) (全国卷)
(4) It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain. (we 前加 when,时间状语从句缺少连词引导) (全国卷)
(5) I have a good friend who‘s name is Liu Mei. (who’s 改为 whose,因who‘s=who is,不仅结构错误,而且意思也不通;whose 引导定语从句,表示“……的”)(福建卷)
2、并列连词
一、考点规律分析
短文改错对并列连词的考查主要涉及and, but, or, so 等几个表示并列、转折、选择、因果等关系的词语。严格说来,这类错误主要属于行文逻辑的错误。
二、真题单句归纳
(1) We tried to fix it and there was nothing we could do. (and 改为 but,因此处语意转折)
(2) She was smiling but nodding at me. (but 改为 and,因此处并无转折之意(全国)
(3) It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. (and 改为 or,a visitor 和 a guest 应是选择关系,意思是“好像我的父母亲把我当作一个来访者或一个客人”)
(4) The food was expensive and the service was good. (and 改为 but,此处意义发生转折)
(5) My grandma was the best cook in the world but could make the most delicious dishes.(but 改为and,此处表示并列,而不是转折) (江苏卷)
3、代词
一、考点规律分析
短文改错对代词的考查主要涉及人称代词的前后一致性(包括指代的一致性和单复数的一致性)、人称代词的主格与宾语变化、各类代词的误加与漏用(尤其是一些易受汉语影响的结构)、某些不定代词的用法(尤其是在意思上用错)、代词在某些习语中的用法等。
二、真题单句归纳
(1) David pointed to a path which it he thought would probably lead to a village. (去掉 it,因它与其前的关系代词 which 语义重复) (全国卷)
(2) And I can‘t forget the good food you cooked for I. (I 改为 me,因介词之后的人称代词要用宾格) (全国卷)
(3) For example, when he bought a chocolate cake, he put them in a secret place I couldn‘t find. (them 改为it,因它指代上文提到的a chocolate cake) (北京春季卷)
(4) And every year more and more people start a stamp collection of your own (your 改为 their,主语是 more and more people,故用代词their)(浙江卷)
(5) What‘s more, you have to be friendly with your pupils and take good care of him. (him 改为 them,因为此处要代替的是 your pupils) (湖北卷)
4、名词
一、考点规律分析
短文改错的名词考点主要涉及名词的单复数问题,即在该用复数的地方误用其单数,或在该用单数的地方误用其复数。
二、真题单句归纳
(1) There are branch library in many villages. (library 改为 libraries,因其前的谓语are为复数) (全国卷)
(2) Today I visited the Smiths — my first time visit to an American family. (去掉time,因first 已含有“次”的意思) (全国卷)
(3) …so that I‘ll get good marks in all my subject. (subject 改为 subjects,请注意前面的 all) (全国卷)
(4) You can find all kinds of information in just a few minute on the Internet. (minute改为minutes,因为a few后面的名词一定是复数) (广西卷)
(5) Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well. (knowledges改为knowledge,因 knowledge是不可数名词,没有复数形式) (湖北卷)
5、冠词
一、考点规律分析
短文改错对冠词的考查主要涉及冠词的误加和漏用,有时也考查不定冠词与定冠词以及零冠词的用法区别(包括 a 与 an 的区别)。其中,涉及最多的是,当一个单数可数名词表示泛指时,其前漏用不定冠词;另外,冠词在一些习语中的用法也是一个重要考点。
二、真题单句归纳
(1) After a hour or so we began to feel very frightened. (a 改为 an,因 hour 读音以元音开头) (全国卷)
(2) I‘ll take this chance to wish you wonderful time on your birthday. (wonderful 前加 a,该表达与 have a good time 类似,其中的 a 不可省)(北京春季卷)
(3) As everyone knows, it‘s famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.(在 famous 前加 a,注意 mountain 是单数可数名词) (全国卷)
(4) When I was boy, the most exciting thing was to celebrate the Spring Festival. (boy 前加 a,因 boy 为可数名词) (江苏卷)
(5) My grandma was the best cooker in the world and could make the most delicious dishes. (cooker 改为cook,比较:cook=炊事员,cooker=炊具) (江苏卷)
6、形容词与副词
一、考点规律分析
短文改错对形容词与副词的考查主要涉及形容词和副词比较等级的误用(尤其是在本身已是比较级的词前误加more)、形容词与副词的混用(如修饰动词时误用形容词或修饰名词时误用副词)等,另外,用作表语时该用形容词的却误用了名词、简短副词(如 in, down 等)的误加与漏用、涉及形容词搭配的as…as 结构、how 与 what 的混用等也是常考的考点。
二、真题单句归纳
(1) After an hour or so we began to feel very frightening. (frightening 改为 frightened,因它表示某人感到害怕,而不是令人害怕) (全国卷)
(2) I‘m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. (wonderfully 改为 wonderful,因它是放在名词前作定语) (全国卷)
(3) Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunate 改为 Unfortunately,因此处要求用副词作状语) (全国卷)
(4)I would describe myself as shy and quietly. (quietly 改为quiet,and连接并列成分quite和shy) (全国卷)
(5) She called 119 immediate. (immediate改为immediately,用作状语,要用副词)
7、介词
一、考点规律分析
短文改错对介词的考查主要涉及在及物动词后接宾语时误加介词和在不及物动词后接宾语时漏加介词、可直接用作状语的副词短语前误加介词、介词与其他词的常用搭配、常用介词的基本用法、习语中的介词用法等。
二、真题单句归纳
(1) Suddenly we caught sight at a car and some men. (at 改为 of,catch sight of是习语,意为“看见”) (全国卷)
(2) When I have free time I go a long walk.(go 后加 for,go for a walk 是习语(全国)
(3) It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station. (for 改为 of,注意句型 It‘s kind of sb to do sth) (全国卷)
(4) I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. (去掉 at,the moment 在此用作连词,相当于 as soon as)(全国卷)
(5) I feel sorry to him. (to 改为 for,be / feel sorry for sb 意为“为某人感到难过”)
8、动词
一、动词考点规律分析
动词考点归纳的是除动词时态与非谓语动词之外的动词考点,它包括被动语态、情态动词、动词形式的变化、动词用法辨析、动词 be 的误加与漏用等。
二、真题单句归纳
(1)Books may be keep for four weeks. (keep 改为 kept,因此处要用被动语态(全国)
(2) They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions. (eager 前加were,因此处缺谓语动词) (全国卷)
(3) I‘d like to your pen-friend, and get to know more about your country. (to 后加 be / become,因 would like后要接不定式,根据句意此处应加 be / become)(全国卷)
(4) There will an important game next month. (will 后加be,此处缺谓语动词)
(5)We were all left home at an early age. (去掉were,因句中已有谓语动词left,“我们离开家”又是主动,不能再加be) (天津卷)
9、时态
一、考点规律分析
动词时态考点主要涉及一般现在时与一般过去的区别,其命题方式通常是在一个一般现在时的背景下误用某个一般过去时;或者反过来,在一个一般过去时的背景下误用某个一般现在时。从所涉及的动词来看,主要涉及be 和 have两个常用动词。有时也涉及其他时态,如一般将来时,现在完成时等,但很少见。
二、真题单句归纳
(1) We were driving along a narrow road when the car stop…(stop改为stopped)
(2) I remembered her words and calm down. (calm改为calmed)(全国卷)
(3) He said he is busy. (is 改为 was) (北京春)
(4) She stopped to look out of the window and find a cloud of smoke coming out of her neighbor‘s house. (find改为 found) (福建卷)
(5) I am always young when I was staying with them. (am改为 was) (湖北卷)
10、非谓语动词
一、考点规律分析
短文改错对非谓语动词的考查主要涉及不定式符号 to 的有无,介词后该使用动词的什么形式(用动名词),并列结构中几个非谓语动词是否一致,动词用作主语时用何种形式(可用动名词或不定式,但不能用动词原形)等。
二、真题单句归纳
(1) I want to thank you again for have me in your home for the summer holidays. (have改为having,因为介词后接动名词作宾语) (全国卷)
(2) I look forward to hear from you soon. (hear改为 hearing,因为其前的 to 是介词)
(3) I‘ll spend the whole weekend reading and prepare for it. (prepare 改为 preparing,因为它与其前的 reading 并列,与其前所用的动词 spend 有关) (北京春季卷)
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