雅思（IELTS）口语考试五种语调表达技巧

　　英语口语语调作为发音特征之一，在雅思口语评分标准中是很重要的部分。一个好的语调，能帮助大家更好地拿到雅思口语高分。所谓语调(intonation)，即说话的腔调，就是一句话里声调(pitch)高低抑扬轻重的配制和变化。世界上没有一种语言是用单一的声调说出的，以英语为例，英语有五种基本语调：升调(↗)、降调(↙)、升降调(∧)、降升调(∨)以及平调(→)。一句话除了词汇意义(lexical meaning)还有语调意义(intonation meaning)。所谓词汇意义就是话中所用词的意义，而语调意义就是说话人用语调所表示的态度或口气。一句话的词汇意义加上语调意义才算是完全的意义。同样的句子，语调不同，意思就会不同，有时甚至会相差千里。请看下例：

　　1) A：Jean, can you bring me the newspaper?

　　B：Sorry?(↗)

　　Jean用升调说“Sorry”，其意思是“I didn't hear you. Could you say that again, please?”

　　我们再看下句：

　　2) A：Jean, can you bring me the newspaper?

　　B：Sorry.(↙)

　　在对话2中，Jean用降调说“Sorry”，显然其意思是拒绝帮助或无能为力。

　　英语中的语调规则主要可以归纳为以下几种情况：(1)陈述句、特殊疑问句、命令祈使句和感叹句用降调;(2)一般疑问句和婉转祈使句用升调;(3)选择疑问句、列举事物、以状语(从句)开头和宾语从句的主句用升降调;(4)反意疑问句用降升调;(5)主语前状语(从句)后和并列连词前后成分用降降调。

　　在实际生活中，你常常会自觉地运用好各种语调来表达你的情感，比如说你想让淘气的孩子跟着你出去，就会用“降凋”的肯定的语气说到“Come with me!”;如果你还没有确定对方是否和你出去吃饭，就可以用“升调”问到“Come with me?”，表示“和我出去怎么样啊”这种“试探性”的语气;细细体会起来，“什么场合用什么语调”还真是很自然的事情。今后在看美国原版影片的时候，多多注意一下影片中人物的语音语调，模仿几次之后，你就可以灵活运用了。

　　一个音节的绝对调高是不重要的，而一个音节与另外一个的相对高度才是非常重要的。英语有四级能区别意义的调高：1)特高调(extra high)，即比正常的声调高两级，常在感情特别激动或惊讶时使用。2)高调(high)，即比正常的声调高一级，一般用于语句中关键性的重读词。3)中调(mid)，即说话人声音的正常高度。4)低调(low)，即比正常的声调低一级，一般是降调的最低点。

　　应该按照说话人的态度来分语调模式，而不能按照句子的语法结构来分。没有所谓“疑问句的语调”或“陈述句的语调”。因为疑问句和陈述句都可以用各种语调模式来说。因此，对于我们中国的英语学习者来说，通过了解某种调型所表示的某种态度或口气也就颇为重要。事实上，无论是在现实生活中还是在考试中，我们的学生常会因为对这些知识缺乏了解而无法确定说话人的态度、感情、口吻和意图等。然而这又是一个比较复杂的问题。

　　一句话中绝对调高及音调的`相对高度所包含的意义。众所周知，人们在兴奋、惊讶或感情激动时说话的语调较高，而在相反的情况下，语调则低。因此，在同一个场合中，如果一个人的语调明显高于另一个，或明显低于另一个，以此就可以推断出该说话人的意思及态度。

　　这里我们要着重谈谈一句话中语调的相对高度的不同所包含的意义。一句话中的语调波峰一般都是句重音所在。通过一句话中的语调波峰所在，我们就可以了解说话人的意思。如人们读“I live in the city.”这句话时，由于强调的对象不同，语调也就随之发生了变化。现不妨比较如下：

　　I(↗)live in the city.(隐含着在场的其他人不住在城里的意思)

　　I live(↗)in the city.(表示我只是“住在”城里，其隐含的意思是“我不在城里工作”或其他意思)

　　I live in(↗)the city.(表示“我住在城里边”，其隐含的意思是“我不住在城外”)

　　因此，对下面的对话所提问的问题进行选择时，就不难回答了。

　　3) M: Linda looked very tired these days.

　　W: She looked OK to me(↗).

　　Q: What does the woman think of Linda? (D)

　　[A]She saw Linda and me.

　　[B]Linda said she was fine.

　　[C]She looked up the word for me.

　　[D]She considered Linda was all right.

　　这句话里的句重音碰巧落在句子的最后一个单词“me”上。因为女士用升调重读“me”，这表示了女士有意与男士的看法形成对比，意思是：在你的眼里，她显得疲惫，可在我看来，她没什么问题。这表示了她那种无所谓的态度。

　　By the time the Montgomery Improvement Association chose the 26-year-old Martin Luther King Jr. as its leader, the hours-old bus boycott by the black citizens of Montgomery, Alabama, was already an overwhelming success. King would later write that his unanticipated call to leadership "happened so quickly that I did not have time to think in through." "It is probable that if I had, I would have declined the nomination."

　　Although press reports at the time focused on his inspiring oratory, King was actually a reluctant leader of a movement initiated by others.(The boycott began on Dec. 5 1955.) His subsequent writings and private correspondence reveal man whose inner doubts sharply contrast with his public persona. In the early days of his involvement, King was troubled by telephone threats, discord within the black community and Montgomery's "get tough" policy, to which king attributed his jailing on a minor traffic violation. One night, as he considered ways to "move out of the picture without appearing a coward," he began to pray aloud and, at that moment, "experienced the presence of the God as I had never experienced Him before."

　　He would later admit that when the boycott began, he was not yet firmly committed to Gandhian principles. Although he had been exposed to those teachings in college, he had remained skeptical. "I thought the only way we could solve our problem of segregation was an armed revolt," he recalled. "I felt that the Christian ethic of love was confined to inpidual relationships."

　　Only after his home was bombed in late January did king reconsider his views on violence. (At the time, he was seeking a gun permit and was protected by armed bodyguards.) Competing with each other to influence King were two ardent pacifists: Bayard Rustin, a black activist with the War Resisters League, and the Rev. Glenn E. Smiley, a white staff member of the Fellowship of Reconciliation. Rustin was shocked to discover a gun in King's house, while Smiley informed fellow pacifists that King's home was "an arsenal."

　　1. What did King think of his nomination as leader of the Montgomery Boycott?

　　A) He hadn't expected it. www.yingyusanji.com

　　B) He had to think about it carefully.

　　C) He would refuse to accept it.

　　D) He was prepared to accept it.

　　2. Why was King unwilling to lead the movement at first?

　　A) Because he doubted if the boycott would be successful.

　　B) Because he was troubled with a traffic accident at that time.

　　C) Because he thought he was too young to be a leader.

　　D) Because he himself didn't start the boycott.

　　3. Which of the following is Not mentioned as something that happened at the beginning of the black people's movement?

　　A) King was put into prison.

　　B) Black people disagreed with each other.

　　C) King's armed revolt proposal was turned down.

　　D) Black people found it hard to accept the policy pursued in Montgomery.

　　4. Which of the following was the immediate cause that made King change his view on violence?

　　A) The education he received in college.

　　B) The attack of his home.

　　C) The influence of two active non-violence advocates.

　　D) The verdict of the Supreme Court.

　　5. In Paragraph 4, the last sentence "King's home was 'an arsenal'" means

　　A) King's home was a place where people got together.

　　B) King's home was a place where people tested bombs.

　　C) King's home was a place where weapons were stored.

　　D) King's home was a place where bombs exploded.

　　一要大声模仿。这一点很重要，模仿时要大大方方，清清楚楚，一板一眼，口形要到位，不能扭扭捏捏，小声小气地在嗓眼里嘟嚷。

　　二要随时都准备纠正自己说不好的单词、短语等。有了这种意识，在模仿时就不会觉得单调、的枯燥，才能主动、的有意识、的有目的地去模仿，这种模仿才是真正的模仿，才能达到模仿的目的，也就是要用心揣摩、的体会。建议大家最好还是参加一下雅思口语辅导，掌握更多的雅思口语技巧很重要。

　　三要坚持长期模仿。一般来说，纯正、的优美的语音、语调不是短期模仿所能达到的，需要一段时间，时间的长短取于自学者的专心程度。

　　四要模仿语音。模仿时要一板一眼，口形要正确，用慢速模仿，以便把音发到位，待把音发准了以后，再加快速度，用正常语速反复多说几遍，直到达到不用想就能用正常语速把句子轻松地说出来(脱口而出)，对于自己读不准或较生疏的单词要反复多听几遍，然后再反复模仿，一个单词一个单词地练，在那些常用词上下功夫，尽量模仿得像一些。

　　五要模仿词组的读法。有了第一步的基础，这一步就容易多了。重点要放在熟练程度和流利程度上，要多练一下连读、的同化等语音技巧。

　　六要段落及篇章模仿，重点在于提高流利程度。打开录音机或收音机跟着模仿，“他”说你模仿，同步进行。目的要提高口腔肌肉的反应速度，使肌肉和大脑更加协调起来。

　　模仿练习时要注意一个问题，一般性格内向的人，讲话时易小声小气，这对学习英语语音语调很不利，要注意克服。另一方面是源于自卑心理，总以为自己英语水平太差，不敢开口，尤其是当与口语水平比自己高的人对话时，更易出现这种情况。克服这种心理障碍，是学好雅思口语的前提。

　　以上内容是有关如何练习才能提高雅思口语成绩的详细解答，如果你还不会说可以先从模仿别人开始练习，慢慢的你的雅思口语成绩就会提高的，一定要持之以恒，最后祝愿大家在雅思口语考试中取得高分。

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