超实用的英文写作技巧

　　1. Better writing: guide readers through what you write更好的写作：引导读者们读你写的东西

　　Your task is to help readers understand your message quickly and precisely. To do this, it is necessary to show them clearly how the different parts relate to each other.你的工作是帮助读者快速并精准的理解你的讯息。要达到这个目的，很有必要清楚的为他们写出不同的部分是如何相互关联的。

　　Each sentence, each paragraph should be relevant to what comes before and what comes after.每个句子，每个段落必须前后呼应。

　　2. Word choice: avoid clichés and buzzwords选词：避免（使用）陈词滥调和专业术语

　　Clichés (used so often and so vaguely that they lose their original impact) and buzzwords/jargon can irritate readers and either distract them from your message or make them question its validity.陈词滥调（已经被用到烂大街了，而且意味不明，以至于失去了他们本来的效果），而专业术语（也称jargon）会激怒读者，两个中的任何一个都会偏离你的本意，或是让读者对你的正确性抱有疑问。

　　3. Writing your CV/résumé: make your CV/résumé easy to read写简历：简历要易懂

　　Research shows that one thing recruiters expect in a CV/résumé is ease of reading. Ways of making yours easy to read include a brief summary of where you are now and where you want to go, short sentences and paragraphs, clear headings, good use of bullet points, and appropriate typefaces.研究显示，招聘人员的期望之一就是简历很好懂。让你的简历很好懂，包括简单的总结你现在在哪，你想去哪儿，用简单的句子和段落，清晰的标题，好好利用要点符号，以及适当的字体。

　　4. Writing a cover letter: tailor your cover letter写求职信：裁剪你的求职信

　　A generic cover letter simply will not do; make sure your letter is tailored to the job and company in question. Reflect the organization’s values and goals; research what it says about its history, current practice, mission statement, and so forth. But don’t just parrot their exact wording. It sounds robotic, and employers hate it.一封通用类的`求职信不会这样：确保你的求职信适合这份工作和公司。反应组织的价值观和目标；调查对于其历史、现行方法、宗旨等等说了什么。但是不要鹦鹉学舌。这样听上去很机械，而且雇主很讨厌这样。

　　5. Writing essays: understand your audience写短文：理解你的观众

　　The more you know about who will be reading your essay, the better. Readers who are experts on your topic will already have some background knowledge. Readers who are your age will be familiar with the same films and songs you’re likely to mention. The less you know about your audience, the more you’ll need to define your terms and provide context for your examples.你了解谁在读你的短文越多，当然就越好。你话题的专家读者已经有了些许背景知识。和你年纪相仿的读者会很熟悉你可能提到的相同的电影和歌曲。你对你的读者了解的越少，你越需要定义你的术语，并且为你的举例提供文本。

　　6. Writing a personal statement: create a strong opening写个人陈述：写一个吸引人的开头

　　As with any other piece of writing, you need to get your readers’ attention. A compelling personal story can be an effective beginning. Let your story lead to a discussion of how you became interested in the type of work or education you are pursuing. You might also start by writing about someone you admire in the industry or organization.正如其他任何形式的写作一样，你必须引起的你的读者的注意。一则引人入胜的个人经历会有一个印象深刻的开头。让你的故事引发讨论——你如何变得对这类你追寻的工作或是教育感兴趣。你也许还能用你在工厂或是组织里尊敬的某个人作为开头。

　　7. Online writing: create a good title在线写作：取个好标题

　　Your title is one of the ways people find your piece. It should also make them want to read on. So it’s well worth investing time to get it right. The pay-off will be not only more readers but also readers who engage fully with what you write.你的标题是别人找到你的文章途径之一。也必须让他们觉得很有欲望读你的文章。所以花时间找对正确的方向是值得的。取得的成功不仅仅是越来越多的读者，还有全然参与到你写作讨论的读者。

　　8. Creative writing: show rather than tell创意写作：叙述，不如表现

　　Too much description, too many adjectives and adverbs, can slow up your narrative and cause your readers to lose interest. Where possible, it’s better to show you readers what a person, the atmosphere in the room, the relationship between your characters is like – show, that is, by what they say, how they interact, what they do. It’s more effective than telling the reader through wordy piles of information.太多描述，太多形容词和动词，会拖慢你的叙述，并让你的读者没了兴趣。你最好为读者展示人物，房间里的分为，人物之间的关系是怎样的——展示，就是说，通过他们说了什么，怎么互动的，还有做了什么。这比用大量的文字讯息传递给读者更有效。

　　9. Writing a speech: write for the ear, not for the eye写演讲：为聆听而写，而不是为观看而写

　　Once you’ve finished a draft of your speech, practice reading it out loud. You’ll hear anything that sounds awkward. Revise so you are more comfortable giving your speech. You want to sound natural, no matter what the occasion.你一旦完成了演讲的草稿，大声练习朗读。你会听出任何不合适的地方。进行修正，这样你做演讲就会更顺畅。无论在什么场合，你都想要听上去非常自然。

　　10. Writing a review: explain how you’re judging the work写综述：解释下你如何决断你的工作

　　Decide on your criteria, the standards you’ll use to judge the book, show, or film. You might believe a novel is successful when it has characters you care about and a plot that makes you want to keep reading. State these criteria so your readers understand what you believe.决定你的标准，你用来评定书、表演或是电影的标准。你也许认为，一本小说成功与否取决于你关心的人物还有情节是否能让你如饥似渴的读下去。定下这些标准，这样你的读者就能理解你所信仰的。

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