在新托福综合写作得高分的技巧

　　综合写作的题型结构单一,且作文的模板性很强,考生只需将阅读材料和听力料中的重点内容记录下来并带入事先准备的模板中即可。所以,如能在考前做完本书的20套真题,大家的综合写作部分一定可以拿高分。

在新托福综合写作得高分的技巧

　　解题流程和答题技巧

　　我们以2011年12月17日北美新托福考试的综合写作真题为例,帮助大家掌握综合作文的解题流程和答题技巧。

　　首先,考生会看到关于第一题的题目说明:

　　Task 1:Writing Based on Reading and Listening

　　Directions: For this task, you will read a passage about an academic topic and you will listen to a lecture about the same topic. You may take notes while you read and listen.

　　Then you will write a response to a question that asks you about the relationship between the lecture you heard and the reading passage. Try to answer the question as completely as possible using information from the reading passage and the lecture. The question does not ask you to express your personal opinion. You may refer to the reading passage again when you write. You may use your notes to help you answer the question.

　　Typically, an effective response will be 150 to 225 words. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on the completeness and accuracy of the content.

　　You should allow 3 minutes to read the passage. Then listen to the lecture. Then allow 20 minutes to plan and write your response. Write your response in the space provided.

　　接下来屏幕上会出现一篇文章,左下角会出现一个3分钟的倒计时时间显示。考试正式开始。

　　1. 扫读文章

　　阅读文章时,应注意:

　　1)进行“扫描式”阅读,把文章主题和每段中心论点快速一扫而过,并随时准备速记重点,切忌“精读”,否则时间不够。

　　2)把握好每段重点,这可以帮助你从容地推测后面听力材料的要点。这种方式尤其适用于听力不够好的考生。

　　下面是本题的小文章,文中的重点已用阴影标出,请大家留意。

　　Passage:

　　A recent new incentive program implemented by a major corporation aims to foster healthy lifestyles among its workforce. The potential benefits are numerous, though this article will focus on three of them.

　　The first benefit is obvious: the incentives will be a material aid in helping employees quit smoking and lose weight. The most commonly cited reason for failure to break bad habits is lack of a support network, because smoking and an unhealthy diet are quite common. But if an entire workforce is made of non-smokers or people who eat healthy food, every employee can break their bad habits.

　　Another powerful set of incentives for developing good habits is that the company will partially cover the payment of the insurance for those with healthier lifestyles. In effect, the amount saved from paying for insurance is a raise in salary. An added benefit could be offering them additional vacation days.

　　The third benefit should accrue to the company. Most workers with a healthy lifestyle are not absentee workers. Likewise, workers with good health tend to work far more efficiently. They take no smoke breaks, are less susceptible to nagging coughs and colds, and generally have more energy than their unhealthy counterparts. In turn, the company can make more profits and save the health-related costs. All in all, this incentive program for employees’ health is a win-win proposition for company and staff alike.

　　2. 记录文章重点

　　记录文章重点时,应注意:

　　1)重点一般分布在每段的首尾,前后呼应,逻辑性强:

　　段首:陈述每段主题

　　段尾:得出结论

　　2)笔记重点可按照“假说→假说根据1 →假说根据2 →假说根据3”的模式记录,这也是答题模板,建议大家熟记。在新托福考试听力部分结束后的10分钟休息时间内,考生最好在草稿纸上面先写好这个模板。

　　3)笔记内容要短而精,切忌抄句子。考生开始写作时,文章会再次出现在题目和答题区旁边。

　　本篇文章主要内容的笔记和笔记转述:

　　假说

　　【原文摘要】 3 benefits: incentive program / healthy lifestyles ← corp~

　　【笔记转述】 The reading passage mainly discusses three benefits of an incentive program carried out by a company to promote healthy lifestyles among its employees.

　　根据1

　　【原文摘要】 ×smk & ↓ wgt

　　【笔记转述】 The first benefit of the program is to facilitate employees to quickly quit smoking and lose weight.

　　根据2

　　【原文摘要】 company → part~ $ → insurance→↑ vacation → healthier

　　【笔记转述】 For those with healthier lifestyles, the company will pay part of their insurance and provide them with additional vacation time.

　　根据3

　　【原文摘要】 health √ → ↑ 率 →↑ 利 → company

　　【笔记转述】 Employees with good lifestyle habits work more efficiently and make more profits for the company.

　　本书的每一套题都精心设置了笔记转述环节,通过练习,考生可以自如地将零散的笔记展开、组织成句。

　　(上一篇讲解了阅读小文章时如何记重点信息,接下来继续讲解听录音及记录重点的方法。)

　　3. 听讲座录音

　　3分钟结束后,电脑界面会切换成一张大学课堂上的图片,然后考生会听到电脑里有声音提示:

　　Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about.

　　下面为本题的讲座,阴影部分为重点,请大家留意。

　　Right here at the outset let me say that this incentive plan is NOT a bad idea. But you should be careful not to let expectations get too high. Before I turned to teaching, I was involved in international business, mostly in Europe. A lot of companies tried these schemes there, but the results were not as good as the companies had expected. And we will touch on these in the lecture today.

　　First, quitting smoking and losing weight are two favorite hobbies among modern people. They’re worthy aims. But, let’s face it. Most people who quit smoking start again within a year. And most people who lose weight gain it back quickly. So such benefits derived from the incentive program are most likely not permanent.

　　Second, rewarding people for being healthy is unfair. I mean think about it. Some people are just naturally overweight, or at least heavy. The incentive can actually hurt their health as they try hard to lose weight. Genetics is genetics: we can’t force everyone to be slim. Besides, do we really want to offer people who do not live healthy lifestyles shorter vacations? Of course not! They have kids and families to take care of like the rest of us.

　　Last of all, plans like this ignore the reality of modern business. In the U.S., the average worker changes jobs fairly often. Many people change their jobs every few years. That means that the company will not benefit from its healthier workforce: that workforce is changing jobs and the company is constantly educating new workers. The same holds for the workers: they will adapt to the new company’s culture, and their health gains may turn out to be temporary indeed. So while these incentive plans sound good, their actual results are just plain inconsistent.

　　注意:听力中的.重点信息所覆盖的词汇一般不超出考生所掌握的词汇范围,所以应着重练习捕捉重点信息和速记的能力。

　　4. 记录听力重点

　　认真研读本书在每一套题中精心编写的笔记转述内容。通过练习,你将可以自如地将笔记展开、组织成句。

　　以下是本题听力内容的笔记和笔记转述:

　　反驳

　　【原文摘要】 × good results

　　【笔记转述】 The professor puts forth the idea that the incentive program will not work.

　　理由1

　　【原文摘要】 benefit ×permanent

　　【笔记转述】 The benefits from the implementation of the incentive program will not last long.

　　理由2

　　【原文摘要】 unfair → naturally ↑ weight

　　genetics → ×force → slim

　　×short vacation ∵ kids & families

　　【笔记转述】 The incentive plan is unfair to those who are naturally overweight. They have difficulty keeping slim due to their genetics. Moreover, the company cannot fairly shorten their vacation as many of them have kids and families to look after.

　　理由3

　　【原文摘要】 change jobs often

　　∴ health → temporary

　　∴ company → ×benefit

　　【笔记转述】 People now change jobs very frequently, and the healthy lifestyle that forms in the former company is probably only temporary. Thus any benefits to the company will quickly disappear.

　　(前两篇已介绍了如何记录好阅读和听力的重点信息,并将其转化成自己的语言,接下来就可以运用一定方法将之组织成一篇信息完整、条理分明的综合作文。)

　　5. 利用答题模板,快速成文

　　录音播放完毕,电脑屏幕上将显示出题目要求及答题框。阅读材料会再次显示在题目和答题框旁边,屏幕上还会有字数统计和20 分钟倒计时显示。本题题目如下:

　　Summarize the points made in the lecture you just heard, explaining how they cast doubt on points made in the reading passage.

　　You must finish your answer in 20 minutes.

　　运用答题模板,你将所向披靡地应对各种综合写作题目,并能节省大量的宝贵时间和精力。以下为本题的答题模板:

　　Introduction

　　The reading passage mainly discusses 阅读短文中的假说 The lecturer puts forth the idea that 讲座中的反驳

　　Body paragraphs

　　Firstly, the reading passage mentions that 阅读短文中的假说根据1 However, the professor suggests that 讲座中的反驳理由1

　　Secondly, the reading passage cites the claim that 阅读短文中的假说根据2 But the professor says that 讲座中的反驳理由2

　　Lastly, the reading passage says that 阅读短文中的假说根据3 The lecturer rebuts this by saying that 讲座中的反驳理由3

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