高校英语专业四级考试词汇语法详细解
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高校英语专业四级考试词汇语法详细解 1
形容词层迭修饰时的顺序
几个属于不同层次的形容词作修饰语时，其词序一般按下列顺序排列：限定词→表示说话人评价的形容词→表示大小、形状、新旧的形容词→表示颜色的形容词→表示国别、来源、材料的形容词→表示用途或目的的形容词→名词中心词。例如：
the town’s charming old English church
a wellknown German medical school
the man’s first two interesting little red French oil paintings
近义词辨析
bother, disturb, trouble, worry
这组词均含有“不停地烦扰他人或搞得某人心神不宁”的意思。
botherdisturb常用于主动和被动两种形式中。用于被动时，bother指常受到时有时无的小事的烦扰。用于主动时，bother的意思比disturb强，带有故意打扰他人的意思。
If you return me the book, I will stop bothering you.你归还我的书后，
我就不打扰你了。
disturb
用于被动形式时，意思比bother强烈，有时甚至可指精神错乱。用在主动形式时，意思最弱，指某人无意中打扰他人，这种打扰行为并非存心冲着他人去的。
The man was mentally disturbed.这个人精神错乱了。
trouble
和worry主要用于被动，指被某事搞得心神不宁。
trouble比worry稍正式些，指麻烦别人一件事而影响他人舒适、方便、效率、健康或心境的平静等。
May I trouble you for the book?麻烦您把书递给我好吗?
worry
主要指因对某事的结果没有把握而焦虑不安，还可指某人沉浸在软弱无助的情绪或思虑中。
Worrying about your health can make you sick.经常担心你的`健康，会使你生病的。
全真模拟试题
1. It’s not fair that you come home after abad day at work a
nd ____ your wife and children.
A. take it out on B. take out it on
C. take out on D. take on it with
2. She put an extra blanket over the baby for fear that ____
A. he catches cold B. he should catch cold
C. he caught cold D. he be catching cold
3. Our teacher recommended that we ____ as attentive
as possible when we visit the museum.
A. areB. shall be C. be?D.were
4. You ____ business interfering with my affairs.
A. have none B. have no
C. have none ofthe D. have nothing like
5. The new cut in interest rate ____ promote domestic
investment.
A. means to B. directs toward
C. is meant to D. leads to
6. Advertising media like direct mail, radio, television and newspapers
____ to increase the sales of industrial products.
A.have been usedB. will be used
C. is being used D. has been used
7. While being questioned on the court, the man denied ____
the old lady’s necklace.
A. having takenB. taking
C. to have taken D. to take
8. Dr. Park was accused ____ the patient with overdos
e of slee
ping pills so that the patient’s life was terminated before the expected time.
A.of providingB. with providing
C. to have providedD. to provide
9. By the end of next month we ____ this assignment.
A. will finish B. will be finishing
C. will have finishedD. have finished
10. We will be losing money this year unless that new economic plan of you
rs ____ miracle.
A.is working B. works
C. will be working D. worked11. It was dark in the cave so she ____ a match.
A. struckB. hitC. firedD. burned
12. Mary will not be able to come to the birthday party as she is ____ with a cold.
A. laid outB. laid upC. laid byD. laid down
13. She often says her greatest happiness ____ servin
g the handicapped children.
A.relies on B. consists in
C. composes of D. comprises in
14. To make this ____ clear we shall have to look clo
sely into biology’s long history.
A.distinctionB. indicationC. recognition D. constitution
15. Most importantly, such an experience helps ____ a
heightened sensitivity to
other cultures and will bring about a greater appreciation of one’s own culture
as well.
A. coach B. forsakeC. fosterD.censor
16. When Ann broke the dish she tried to put the____
back together.
A. fragmentsB. piecesC. bitsD. slices
17. Jane tried to ____ the doorman with money, but sh
e failed.
A. bribeB. corruptC. awardD. endow
18. Classification is a useful ____ to the organizati
on of knowledge in any field.
A. meansB. approachC. modeD. manner
19. The human race has already paid a heavy price for its slow ____
to environmental threats.
A. responseB. responsibility
C. resolution D. resistance
20. We have a high regard for Prof. Joseph because he always ____
his principles.
A. lives onB. lives up to
C. lives through D. lives with
21. My grandfather accidentally ____ fire to the hous
e.
A.putB. tookC.setD. got
22. We enjoyed the holiday ____ the expense.
A.exceptB. besides
C. in addition toD. except for
23. If you want children to work hard you must ____ t
heir interests instead of their sense of duty.
A. appeal toB. look intoC. give rise toD. go in for
24. Basically a robot is a machine which moves, manipulates, joins or proc
esses ____ in the same way as human hand or arm.
A. characters B. components
C.catalogues D. collections
25. Of course, talking about something which affects them personally is
____motivating for students.
A. chiefly B. correctlyC. currentlyD. eminently试题答案与解析?
1. A)【句意】白天的工作不顺心，回到家里
拿老婆孩子出气，这是不公平的。
【难点】take it out on sb. 意为“拿某人出气”，其中it是无人称代
词，无所指，这是一个固定的结构。
2. B)【句意】由于害怕孩子感冒，她在孩子
身上又盖了一条毯子。
【难点】for fear that 后接虚拟语气，（should）+动词原形。
3. C) 【句意】我们的教师建议我们参观博物
馆的时候注意力应尽可能集中。
【难点】recommend,command ,suggest 等词后接的宾语从句应用虚拟语
气，即（should）+动词原形。
4. B)【句意】你没有权力干涉我们的事情。
【难点】have no business doing /to do something 意为“没有权力，
没有理由做某事”
5. C)【句意】利率再次下调旨在促进国内投
资。
【难点】be meant to do 意为“旨在做 ”；mean to do 意为“打算做
，企图做”；lead to 意为“导致”，后接名词。
6. A)【句意】像直接邮件、无线电、电视和
报纸这样的广告媒介一直被用来促进工业品的销售。
【难点】根据句意，应用完成时的被动语态，media 是medium 的复数形
式。
7. A) 【句意】法庭传训他的时候，他否认拿
了老太太的项链。
【难点】deny后需接动名词，由于动作是过去发生的，所以选A)，动名词
的完成式。
8. A)【句意】帕克大夫被指控向患者提供过
量的安眠药，结果造成病人在预期的时间前死亡。
【难点】be accused of 是个常见的词组，意为“被控有…罪”。
9. C)【句意】到下月底，我将完成这项任务 。
【难点】by the end of next month (year)是将来完成时的典型状语，
故选C)。
10. B)【句意】除非你的新经济计划创造奇迹
，否则我们将赔钱。
【难点】unless 引导条件状语从句，用一般现在时表示将来。
11. A)【句意】岩洞里很黑，她燃着了一根火
柴。
【难点】strike 意为“擦（火柴）”，其它几个词不能和matches搭配。
12. B)【句意】玛丽不能来参加生日晚会了，
因为她患了感冒，卧床在家。
【难点】lay up 意为“因痛（或伤残）卧床”，常用被动语态； lay ou
t 意为“摆出，展开”；lay by 意为“储存”；lay down意为“牺牲，献出”。
13. B)【句意】她常说她最大的快乐在于为残
疾儿童服务。
【难点】consist in 意为“在于，存在于”；rely on 意为“依靠，依
赖”；be composed of 意为“由…构成”；comprise 意为“由…组成；构成”。
14. A)【句意】为了搞清楚这一差别，我们必
须认真地审视一下生物学发展的漫长历史。
【难点】distinction意为“区别；差异”；indication意为“标示，迹
象”；recognition意为“（正式的）承认，认可，认知”；constitution意为“宪法，体制”。
15. C)【句意】最重要的是，这样的经历能促
进人们对其它文化的感受性，并使他们更欣赏自己的文化。
【难点】foster意为“培养，促进，助长”;coach意为“训练，指导”；
forsake意为“遗弃，抛弃”；censor意为“审查,检查”。
16. A)【句意】安把盘子打碎后，想把碎片再
合在一起。
【难点】fragment 意为“碎片，碎块”；piece意为“块，片”；bit意
为“小片；小段”；slice意为“薄片；切片”。
17. A)【句意】简企图用钱贿赂看门人，但失
败了。
【难点】bribe 意为“收买；行贿”；corrupt意为“腐蚀，使堕落”；a
ward意为“授予（奖品等）；给予”；endow意为“资助，捐赠”。
18. B)【句意】分类是组织任何领域知识内容
的有效方式。
【难点】approach作“方式，方法；态度”讲时，后接介词to，其它几个
词没有这种用法。
19. A)【句意】人类已为他们对环境威胁作出
的迟缓反应付出了重大代价。
【难点】response意为“反应”后接介词to ;responsibility意为“责任
”；resolution意为“决心，决定”；resistance意为“抵抗”。
20. B)【句意】我们十分尊重约瑟夫教授，因 为他总是信守原则。【难点】live up to 意为“遵守，实践（诺言，原则）”；live on 意
为“以…
为生”；live through意为“度过，经历过”；live with 意为“忍受；容忍”。
21. C)【句意】我爷爷不小心放火烧着了房子
【难点】词组set fire to 意为“点燃，使燃烧”。
22. D)【句意】除了花很多钱外，我们的假期
很愉快。
【难点】except指的是除去同类的事物，且常用于否定句；besides是包含
在内的，除了；in addition to 也是包括在内；except for 是除了不同类的事物。
23. A)【句意】如果你要孩子们努力学习，你必须唤起他们的兴趣而不是责任感。
【难点】appeal to 意为“有感染力，有吸引力”；look into 意为“调
查，观
察”；give rise to意为“引起，导致”；go in for意为“爱好；从事，参与”。
24. B)【句意】机器人基本上是一台机器，它
能像人的手臂一样移动、操纵、结合或加工零件。
【难点】component意为“零件；成分”；character 意为“特性；人格”；catalogue意为“目录”；collection意为“收集”。
25. D)【句意】当然，谈论一些影响学生个性
的事对他们是非常有积极作用的。
【难点】emine
ntly 意为“突出地；明显地”；chiefly意为“主要地；大部分”；correctly意为“正确地”，currently意为“现时，当前”。
高校英语专业四级考试词汇语法详细解 2
1．不定式：
一）不定式的常考形式：
1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.
被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.
语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生
2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me.
被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages.
语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前
二）不定式常考的考点：
1）不定式做定语----将要发生
2）不定式做状语----目的
3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe.
三)不定式的省略
感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel
+ do 表示动作的完整性，真实性；
+ doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性
I saw him work in the garden yesterday.
昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实)
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.
昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作）
v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable.
使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to
I ‘d like to have John do it.
I have my package weighed.
Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn.
help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do
四)有些动词后只跟不定式如：
want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do
force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do
be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do
五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式
accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to.
2. 动名词：具有动作性特征的名词
1)是名词 seeing is believing
2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary.
一)动名词的形式:
一般形式：I don't like you smoking.
完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice.
被动形式：This question is far from being settled.
二) 动名词常考的点
1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数
2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词
3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语.
I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon．
A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对）
I regret not having taken your advice.
4)有些词后只能接动名词
admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand...
另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法：
it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point...
5)有些词后加不定式和动名词均可
remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。
I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作)
I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作)
forgot与remember的用法类似。
I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你…
I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。
try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness.
try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day.
I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。
To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。
prefer的用法：
我宁愿在这里等。
I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。）
I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。）
I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。）
3 分词：
现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态
现在分词的形式:
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生)
2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前)
3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动)
过去分词
1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared.
2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做)
这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。
情态动词所表达的可能性程度：must/can't à should/shouldn't à might/may (not)
另外两个"类情态词的形式："need/needn't; have to/don't have to
v 最自然的虚拟状态：由should/would+原型时态（不含时间只含状态）
本质上是过去将来时：即，时间固定在过去将来，状态不同：一般、进行、完成、完成进行。
这时"虚拟语气"的产生往往是因为我们要表达"本来应该……"（而现在却还没有……）
（本来可以……，本来能……）
I should go! (… but I'm still here!) (一般)
I should be working now! (进行)
I should have practiced more (than I did)! (完成)
我应该多多练习
I shouldn't dream away my time too much! (完成的否定)
(actually I did dream away my time too much!)
It shouldn't have been leaking for such a long time! (完成进行)
I may/might/could have finished! (完成)
一些常见的句型中，就会出现这种虚拟语气，而处于从句之中，should 常常被省略掉
o suggest, advise, propose, recommend, plan;
o demand, order, direct, arrange, command, decide;
o require, request;
o think, expect, believe, insist, suspect.
由于他们的含义中包含"建议，假设，应该"这类的含义，所以，由他们引起的从句中，就会包含有should+原型时态构成的虚拟语气。
这些动词（以及他们的名次形式，分词形式）引起的从句还有其他的变形：
主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句
It's suggested that…
My suggestion is that…
The only suggestion that...
The only suggestion I can give you now is that…
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