四六级考试阅读理解中的词汇题如何得分
词汇(Vocabulary)是四级阅读理解测试中非常重要的一项。词汇类其实也是就细节进行提问,所不同的是这是唯一关于词或词组的练习项目,词汇题往往要求对文章中的某个单词、短语甚至句子等找出近义词或最合适的解释。解答这类题需要学生拥有较大的词汇量。可是,单词记忆似乎已成为学生普遍反映最头痛的难题。阅读理解中词汇类问题的常见提问方式有下列几种:
According to the author ,the word means_______. Which of the following is nearest in meaning to ? The term in paragraph can be best replaced by Whats the meaning of in line of paragraph? As used in the line , the word refers to _______.
一般来说,在文章的阅读中解决释义的最佳办法是猜测词义。猜测词义也需要一定的技巧,可以通过(1)上下文间意义的联系;(2)同义关系,反义关系;(3)词的定义;(4)对词的解释和举例;(5)构词法知识猜测词义
1. 利用上下文词语意义的互相联系猜测词义
Example :
The fishermen make their canoes from tree trunks .They go from island to island in these light marrow boats and collect turtles’ eggs
我们从上下文中可以得出以下信息:"canoes"是一种渔夫用树木做的`、来回于岛屿之间的、轻狭长的、类似于小船之类的东西。尽管我们可能还不能肯定它的确切解释,但这一生词已经不会影响我们的阅读和理解了。
Example :
Jogging has become very popular in some countries ,It is believed to be a good exercise for old people .
"Jogging"的意思通过"a good exercise for old people "可以推断出是一种适合老年人的剧烈的运动方式。
2. 利用文章中词与词的同义和反义关系猜测词义
Example :
If you happened to be sitting in the woods outside the city ,you might have witnessed a strange sight . You would have seen a very proud looking man riding along horseback , saying something
在文章中可以很容易地判断出"witnesss"的同义关系词是"seen",因此"witness"就是看见的意思。
Example :
In the northern regions the winters are generally cold and humid ,and the summers hot and dry .
显然,冬天和夏天的气候是截然相反的,它们的修饰词的意思也应该截然相反。"cold"与"hot"对应,"humid"与"dry"对应。因此,"humid"是"潮湿" 意思。
3. 利用文章中对词的定义猜测词义
Example:
Such experiences are not unusual for the amateur conchologists, people who collect shells.
Conchologists的意思可以根据该词后面的同位解释"people who collect shells"理解为收集贝壳的人或贝壳收藏家。
Example :
Jack is now a florist, who keeps a shop for selling flowers in our district.
"florist" 的意思就是其后定语从句"who keeps a shop for selling flowers 所描述的"拥有一家专门卖花的商店的人",即"花店主"
4. 利用文章中对词的举例及解释猜 测词义
Example :
Today young couples who are just starting their households of ten spend lots of their money on appliances ,for instance ,washing machines , refrigerators and color TVs.
通过所举的例子(washing machines ,refrigerators and color TVs)
可以看出,"appliances" 应是这些名词的总称,即"家用电器"。
Example :
Finally the enemy surrendered .They threw down their weapons and walked out of the home with their hands over their heads
通过后一句对"surrendered"的解释:扔掉武器(throw down their weapons ),举起双手(with their hands over heads )可知其意是"投降"
5. 利用构词法知识(前缀和后缀)猜测词义
Example :
They overestimate the interviewee’s ability and asked him many difficult questions
"estimate"是"估计"的意思,"over-"是前缀,意为"过分,过度,超 过"等,因此"overestimate"就是"高估"的意思 。
Example :
We were told that ours was the most spacious room in the hotel .That was why we had to pay so much for it .
"spacious"是由"space(名词,空间)"+"+-ious(形容词后缀 "变化而来的,因此,可猜测其词义为"宽敞"。
各种各样的前、后缀可以构成名词、形容词、动词、副词等,这些词缀需要平时不断地积累和记忆。掌握构词法知识是扩大词汇量和猜测生词词义的最佳办法。
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