高考英语不同体裁文章的阅读方法

　　议论文

高考英语不同体裁文章的阅读方法

　　议论文也就是说理性的文章，一般由论点、论据和论证过程组成。议论文都要提出论题、观点、提供充分的证据（evidence），使用一定的逻辑方法证明观点或得出结论。

　　阅读议论文我们要抓住论题、抓住作者提出的观点、给出的例证及最后得出的`结论。抓住了论题、抓住了观点，我们就把握了中心，再结合作为论据的诸多事例和理由之间以及它们和观点/结论之间的内在联系，我们就能理解文章的结构。因此，阅读议论文的关键是：抓论题、抓观点。

　　看看下面一篇例文：

　　（05 江苏卷 E段）

　　The twentieth century saw greater changes than any century before changes for the better, changes for the worse, changes that brought a lot of benefits to human beings, changes that put man in danger .Many things caused the changes, but, in my opinion, the most important was the progress in science.

　　Scientific research in physics and biology has vastly broadened our views. It has given us a deeper knowledge of the structure of matter and of the universe, it has brought us a better understanding of the nature of life and of its continuous development. Technology in the application of science has made big advances that have benefited us in nearly every part of life.

　　The continuation of such activities in the twenty-first century will result in even greater advantages to human beings: in pure science—a wider and deeper knowledge in all fields of learning; in applied science—a more reasonable sharing of material benefits, and better protection of the environment.

　　Sadly, however, there is another side to the picture. The creativity of science has been employed in doing damage to mankind．The application of science and technology to the development and production of weapons of mass destruction has created a real danger to the continued existence of the human race on this planet. We have seen this happen in the case of nuclear weapons, Although their actual use has so far occurred only in the Second World War, the number of nuclear weapons that were produced and made ready for use was so large that if the weapons had actually been used, the result could have been the ruin of the human race, as well as of many kinds of animals.

　　William Shakespeare said．“The web of our life is of a mingled yarn（纱线）, good and ill together. “The above brief review of the application of only one part of human activities—science seems to prove what Shakespeare said．But does it have to be so? Must the ill always go together with the good? Are we biologically programmed for war?

　　解析：作者在第一段提出论题：

　　The progress in science caused the changes in the twentieth century. 接下来，第二、三段作者提出论据：The progress in science has brought us advantages and the continuation of the progress will surely result in even greater advantages.第四段作者从另一方面提出论据：The creativity of science has been employed in doing damage to mankind．再接下来，按行文结构作者应该作出结论，但作者在第五段并没有直接说出不言自明的结论（We should separate the good from the ill.），而是用了几个问句：But does it have to be so? Must the ill always go together with the good? Are we biologically programmed for war? 这样可引起读者对结论的深入思考，引起读者的重视。

　　看看下面的理解题：

　　72．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?

　　73．From the fourth paragraph, we can infer that .

　　A．a great many nuclear weapons were actually used for war

　　B．a large number of nuclear weapons should have been used for war

　　C．the author is doubtful about the ruin of human beings by nuclear weapons

　　D．the author is anxious about the huge number of nuclear weapons on the earth

　　74．The underlined word “mingled” in the last paragraph most probably means .

　　A．simple B．mixed C．sad D．happy

　　75．What do you think the author is most likely to suggest if he continues to write?

　　A．Further application of science to war.

　　B．More reading of William Shakespeare.