法律英语常用词汇汇总
合议庭评议笔录 record of deliberating by the collegiate bench
和解 composition; compromise
核对诉讼当事人身份 check identity of litigious parties
恢复执行 resumption of execution
回避 withdrawal
混合式诉讼 mixed action
基层人民法院 basic People’s Court
羁押期限 term in custody
级别管辖 subject matter jurisdiction of courts at different levels
监视居住 living at home under surveillance
监狱 prison
检察官 procurator
检察权 prosecutorial power
检察委员会 procuratorial/prosecutorial committee
检察院 procuratorate
检察院派出机构 outpost tribunal of procuratorate
简易程序 summary procedure
鉴定结论 expert conclusion
经济审判庭 economic tribunal
径行判决 direct adjudication without sessions; judgement without notice
纠问式诉讼 inquisitional proceedings
拘传 summon by force; summon by warrant
拘留所 detention house
举报 information/report of an offence
举证责任 burden of proof; onus probandi
决定书 decision
军事法院 military procuratorate
开庭审理 open a court session
开庭通知 notice of court session
勘验笔录 record of inquest
看守所 detention house
可执行财产 executable property
控告式诉讼 accusatory proceedings
控诉证据 incriminating evidence
控诉职能 accusation function
扣押 distrain on; attachment
扣押物 distress/distraint
宽限期 period of grace
劳动争议仲裁申请书 petition for labor dispute arbitration
劳改场 reform-through-labor farm
劳教所 reeducation-through-labor office
类推判决的核准程序 procedure for examination and approval of analogical sentence
累积证据 cumulative evidence
立案报告 place a case on file
立案管辖 functional jurisdiction
立案决定书 written decision of case-filing
立案侦查 report of placing a case on file
利害关系人 interested party
临时裁决书 interim award
律师见证书 lawyer’s written attestation; lawyer’s written authentication
律师事务所 law office; law firm
律师提前介入 prior intervention by lawyer
免于刑事处分 exemption from criminal penalty
民事案件 civil case
民事审判庭 civil tribunal
民事诉讼 civil action
民事诉讼法 Civil Procedural Law
扭送 seize and deliver a suspect to the police
派出法庭 detached tribunal
派出所 police station
判决 judgement; determination
判决书 judgement; determination; verdict
旁证 circumstantial evidence
陪审员 juror
批准逮捕 approval of arrest
破案 clear up a criminal case; solve a criminal case
破产 bankruptcy; insolvency
普通程序 general/ordinary procedure
普通管辖 general jurisdiction
企业法人破产还债程序 procedure of bankruptcy and liquidation of a business corporation
起诉 filing of a lawsuit
起诉 sue; litigate; prosecute; institution of proceedings
起诉状 indictment; information
区县检察院 grassroots People’s Procuratorate
取保候审 the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving
缺席判决 default judgement
人民调解委员会 People’s Mediation Committee
认定财产无主案件 cases concerning determination of property as qwnerless
认定公民无民事行为能力、限制民事行为能力案件cases concerning determination of a citizen as incompetent or with limited disposing capacity
上诉 appeal
上诉人 appellant
上诉状 petition for appeal
少管所 juvenile prison
社会治安综合治理 comprehensive treatment of social security
涉外案件 cases involving foreign interests
涉外民事诉讼 foreign civil proceedings
涉外刑事诉讼 foreign criminal proceedings
申请人 applicant; petitioner
申请书 petition; application for arbitration
申请执行人 execution applicant
申诉人宣誓书 claimant’s affidavit of authenticity
申诉书 appeal for revision; petition for revision
神示证据制度 system of divinity evidence
神示制度 ordeal system
审查案件 case review
审查并决定逮捕 examine and decide arrest
审查起诉阶段 stage of review and prosecution
审理通知书 notice of hearing
审判长 presiding judge
审判长宣布开庭 presiding judge announce court in session
审判管辖 adjudgement/trial jurisdiction
审判监督程序 procedure for trial supervision
审判委员会 judicial committee
审判员 judge
审问式诉讼 inquisitional proceedings
生效判决裁定 legally effective judgement/order
胜诉方 winning party
省市自治区检察院 higher People’s Procuratorate
失踪和死亡宣告 declaration of disappearance and death
实(质)体证据 substantial evidence
实物证据 tangible evidence
实在证据 real evidence
示意证据 demonstrative evidence
视听证据 audio-visual evidence
收容所 collecting post; safe retreat
首席大法官 chief justice
首席检察官 chief procurator
受害人的近亲属 victim’s immediate family
受理 acceptance
受理刑事案件审批表 registration form of acceptance of criminal case
受送达人 the addressee
书记员 court clerk
书记员宣读法庭纪律 court clerk reads court rules
书证 documentary evidence
司法部 Ministry of Justice
司法机关 judicial organizatons
司法警察 judicial police
司法局 judicial bureau
司法厅 judicial bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions, and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government
司法协助 judicial assistance
死缓的复核 judicial review of death sentence with a retrieve
死刑复核程序 procedure for judicial review of death sentence
死刑复核权 competence for judicial review of death sentence
送达 service of process
送达传票 service of summons/subpoena
送达诉状 service of bill of complaint
搜查 search
诉 sue; suit; action; lawsuit
诉前财产保全 property attachment prior to lawsuit
诉讼 litigation; lawsuit; sue; action
诉讼保全 attachment
诉讼参加人 litigious participants
诉讼代理人 agent ad litem
诉状 complaint; bill of complaint; state of claim
特别程序 special procedures
提起公诉 institute a public prosecution
铁路法院 railway court
铁路检察院 railroad transport procuratorate
庭审程序 procedure of court trial
通缉 wanted for arrest
投案 appearance
退回补充侦查 return of a case for supplementary investigation
委托辩护 entrusted defense
未成年人法庭 juvenile court
无行政职务的法官 associate judge
无正当理由拒不到庭 refuse to appear in court without due cause
无罪判决 acquittal, finding of “ not guilty ”
物证 material evidence
先予执行申请书 application for advanced execution
先予执行 advanced execution
刑事案件 criminal case
刑事拘留 criminal detention
刑事强制拘留 criminal coercive/compulsory measures
刑事审判庭 criminal tribunal
刑事诉讼 criminal proceedings
刑事诉讼法 Criminal Procedural Law
刑事自诉状 self-incriminating criminal complaint
行政案件 administrative case
行政审判庭 administrative tribunal
行政诉讼 administrative proceedings
行政诉讼法 Administrative Procedural Law
宣告失踪、宣告死亡案件 cases concerning the declaration of disappearance and death
宣判笔录 record of rendition of judgement
选民资格案件 cases concerning qualifications of voters
询问证人 inquire/question a witness
训诫 reprimand
讯问笔录 record of interrogation
询问犯罪嫌疑人 interrogate criminal suspect
言词证据 verbal evidence
要求传唤证人申请书 application for subpoena
一裁终局 arbitration award shall be final and binding
一审 trial of first instance
一审案件 case of trial of first instance
应诉通知书 notice of respondence to action
有罪判决 sentence; finding of “guilty”
予审 preliminary examinantion; pretrial
原告 plaintiff
院长 court president
阅卷笔录 record of file review
再审案件 case of retrial
再审申请书 petition for retrial
责令具结悔过 order to sign a statement of repentance
债权人会议 creditors’ meeting
侦查阶段 investigation stage
侦查终结 conclusion of investigation
征询原、被告最后意见 consulting final opinion of the plaintiff and defendant
证据 evidence
证据保全 preserve evidence
证据保全申请书 application for evidence preservation
证人证言 testimony of witness; affidavit
支付令 payment order/warrant
知识产权庭 intellectual property tribunal
执行程序 procedure execution
执行逮捕 execution of arrest
执行和解 conciliation of execution
执行回转 recovery of execution
执行庭 executive tribunal
执行异议 objection to execution
执行员 executor
执行中止 discontinuance of execution
执行终结 conclusion of execution
指定辩护 appointed defense
指定仲裁员声明 statement of appointing arbitrator
中级人民法院 intermediate People’s Court
中途退庭 retreat during court session without permission
仲裁 arbitration
仲裁被诉人 respondent; defendant
仲裁裁决 award
仲裁申请书 arbitration
仲裁申诉人 claimant; plaintiff
仲裁庭 arbitration tribunal
仲裁委员会 arbitration committee
仲裁协议 arbitration agreement; clauses of arbitration
仲裁员 arbitrator
主诉检察官 principal procurator
助理检察官 assistant procurator
助理审判员 assistant judge
专门法院 special court
专门管辖 specific jurisdiction
专属管辖 exclusive jurisdiction
追究刑事责任 investigate for criminal responsibility
自首 confession to justice
自诉案件 private-prosecuting case
自行辩护 self-defense
自由心证制度 doctrine of discretional evaluation of evidence
自侦案件 self-investigating case
最高人民法院 the Supreme People’s Court
最高人民检察院 the Supreme People’s Procuratorate
最后裁决书 final award
三、 民事法律
法律渊源 source of law
制定法 statute
判例法 case law; precedent
普通法 common law
特别法 special law
固有法 native law; indigenous law
继受法 adopted law
实体法 substantial law
程序法 procedural law
原则法 fundamental law
例外法 exception law
司法解释 judicial interpretation
习惯法 customary law
公序良俗 public order and moral
自然法 natural law
罗马法 Roman Law
私法 private law
公法 public law
市民法 jus civile
万民法 jus gentium
民法法系 civil law system
英美法系 system of Anglo-American law
大陆法系 civil law system
普通法 common law
大陆法 continental law
罗马法系 Roman law system
英吉利法 English law
衡平法 equity; law of equity
日尔曼法 Germantic law
教会法 ecclesiastical law
寺院法 canon law
伊斯兰法 Islamic law
民法法律规范 norm of civil law
授权规范 authorization norm
禁止规范 forbidding norm
义务性规范 obligatory norm
命令性规范 commanding norm
民法基本原则 fundamental principles of civil law
平等原则 principle of equality
自愿原则 principle of free will
公平原则 principle of justice
等价有偿原则 principle of equal value exchange
诚实信用原则 principle of good faith
行为 act
作为 act
不作为 omission
合法行为 lawful act
违法行为 unlawful act
民事权利权利能力 civil right
绝对权 absolute right
相对权 relative right
优先权 right of priority
先买权 preemption
原权 antecedent right
救济权 right of relief
支配权 right of dominion
请求权 right of claim
物上请求权 right of claim for real thing
形成权 right of formation
撤销权 right of claiming cancellation
否认权 right of claiming cancellation
解除权 right of renouncement
代位权 subrogated right
选择权 right of choice
承认权 right of admission
终止权 right of termination
抗辩权 right of defense
一时性抗辩权 momentary right of defense
永久性抗辩权 permanent counter-argument right
不安抗辩权 unstable counter-argument right
同时履行抗辩权 defense right of simultaneous performance
既得权 tested right
期待权 expectant right
专属权 exclusive right
非专属权 non-exclusive right
人身权利 personal right
人权 human right
人格权 right of personality
生命健康权 right of life and health
姓名权 right of name
名称权 right of name
肖像权 right of portraiture
自由权 right of freedom
名誉权 right reputation
隐私权 right of privacy
私生活秘密权 right of privacy
贞操权 virginity right
身份权 right of status
亲权 parental power; parental right
亲属权 right of relative
探视权 visitation right
配偶权 right of spouse
荣誉权 right of honor
权利的保护 protection of right
公力救济 public protection
私力救济 self-protection
权利本位 standard of right
社会本位 standard of society
无责任行为 irresponsible right
正当防卫 justifiable right; ligitimate defence
防卫行为 act of defence
自为行为 self-conducting act
紧急避险 act of rescue; necessity
自助行为 act of self-help
不可抗力 force majeure
意外事件 accident
行为能力 capacity for act
意思能力 capacity of will
民事行为 civil act
意思表示 declaration of intention
意思表示一致 meeting of minds; consensus
完全行为能力 perfect capacity for act
限制行为能力 restrictive capacity for act
准禁治产人 quasi-interdicted person
保佐 protection
自治产人 minor who is capable of administering his own capacity
无行为能力 incapacity for act
禁治产人 interdicted person
自然人 natural person
公民 citizen
住所 domicile
居所 residence
经常居住地 frequently dwelling place
户籍 census register
监护 guardianship
个体工商户 individual business
农村承包经营户 leaseholding rural household
合伙 partnership
合伙人 partner
合伙协议 partnership agreement
合伙财产 property of partnership
合伙债务 debt of partnership
入伙 join partnership
退伙 withdrawal from partnership
合伙企业 partnership business establishment
个人合伙 partnership
法人合伙 partnership of legal person
特别合伙 special partnership
普通合伙 general partnership
有限合伙 limited partnership