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2017职称英语理工B级考试名词语法解析
语法是职称英语考试中的一大难点，下面yjbys网小编将为大家分析职称英语理工B级考试中名词的语法知识，供大家参考。
一、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题：
1.谓语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致，即：主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式：如：The computer was a great invention.(计算机是个了不起的发明)The water in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷)
2.集体名词(如family,class,team,group,row,police,school等)做句子主语时，
① 如果表示整体概念，则谓语用单数形式，如：Class Three is a very good class.(三班是好班)
② 如果表示其中的所有成员时，则谓语用复数形式，如：Class Three have a map of China.(三 班有张中国地图)
3.Chinese,Japanese,fish,sheep,people等表示单个时谓语用单数，表示许多时，谓语用复数。如：There is a sheep in the yard.(院子里有只绵羊) / There are some sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些绵羊)
4.maths,news等虽然有s结尾，但不是复数，因此谓语仍用单数：The news is very exciting. (这个消息令人兴奋)
5.glasses,shoes,socks,trousers,gloves等名词往往用复数形式，故谓语用复数。如：
The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(裤子很便宜，我想买)
6.a lot of 后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式，跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。如：A lot of students are playing baseball now.(现在有许多学生在打垒球) A lot of time was wasted on that work.(大量的时间花在了那个工作上)(被动句)
7.and 连接两个名词做主语时，谓语原则上用复数，但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时，谓语则用单数。如：The teacher and his son are picking apples now.(老师和他的儿子在摘苹果) / Fish and chips is very famous food. (鱼和薯条是一种出名的食品)
8. there be 句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。如：There is a table and four chairs in the room.(房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子)
9.用both…and…连接两个事物做主语时，谓语一般用复数。如：Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow.(你和我明天要求都来)
10.主语中含有with的短语时，谓语单复数由with之前的人物决定。如：A woman with a 7-year-old child was standing at the side of the road. (一名妇女带着一个七岁的孩子(当时)就站在路边)
11.either…or…或者 neither…nor…连接两个人物做句子主语时，谓语采用就近原则。如：Either you or he is right.(要么是你对，要么是他对。/你和他有一个人是对的) / Neither you nor I am going there.(你和我都不打算去那里)
12.表示一段时间或长度概念的复数名词做主语时，谓语一般用单数。如：Two months is not a short time.(两个月不是个短时间)Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance(距离)。(两千千米是相当长的一段距离)
13.主语中含有half of… / (three quarters)of… / all (of) the …。等词语时，谓语的单复数由名词确定，如：Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English.(因特网上四分之三以上的信息是用英语写的) / A third of the students were playing near the lake.(学生的三分之一(当时)正在湖边玩耍) / All of the water in these rivers has been polluted.(这些河流中的水已经被污染了)(被动句)
但是，population一词又有特殊情况： What's the population of China?(中国人口是多少?)(句子用单数) / Three quarters of the population in this city are Arabs(阿拉伯人)。(这个城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人)(句子用复数)
二、部分名词用法辨析：
1.sport、game、match、race 的区别：sport通常指“户外运动”，以锻炼为主，概念较大;game意思是“运动、比赛”，不管户内户外还是脑力体力，指以胜负为主的运动;match意为“竞赛、比赛”，多指正式比赛;race主要表示“赛跑、赛马、赛车”。如：People all around the world enjoy sports.(全世界的人都喜爱运动) / The 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing.(2008奥运会将在北京举行)(被动句) / Our school football team won the league match(联赛)。(我们学校足球队取得了联赛冠军) / They were strong and won the boat race.(汤他们很棒，赢得了划艇比赛)
2.festival、holiday、vacation的区别：festival“节日”，指喜庆的日子或持续一段时间的文娱活动;holiday(假日、休息日)，指法定假日或风俗习惯，复数可以表示一个较长的假期;vacation“假期”，指学习或工作中一段长时间的休息。如：The Shanghai Television Festival will be held next month.(上海电视节将在下个月举行) / Sunday is a holiday and most people do not work.(星期天是个假日，多数人不工作) / What are you going to do during the summer vacation/holidays?(在暑期你打算做什么事情?)
3.journey、tour、trip、travel的区别：journey指在陆地上(或海上或空中)进行的长途旅行，不知终点，含有辛苦的意思;tour指途中作短期逗留的巡回旅行，强调游览多处，常用来指观光等;trip通常指往返定时的短途旅行，如出差度假等;travel多指长期或长途的观光旅行，尤其指到国外，没有明确目的地，也作不可数名词，指旅行这一行为。如：He made up his mind to make the journey to Dunhuang.(他拿定主意要去敦煌旅行)/ He has gone on a walking tour.(他步行观光去了) / He took several trips to Shanghai last yeaar.(去年他去了上海好几次) / Did you go to Santiago(圣地亚哥) during your travels?(旅行期间你去圣地亚哥了吗?) / Travelling through thick forests is dangerous.(在密林里边穿行是很危险的)
4.sound、noise、voice的区别：sound指各种声音;noise主要指“噪音”;voice指人的“嗓音”。如：The noise of the street kept me awake in the night.(街上的喧嚣声让我彻夜难眠) / All of a sudden there was the sound of shots and a cry.(突然间传来几声枪响和一声尖叫) / The singer has lost her ringing voice as a result of a bad cold.(因为感冒的缘故，这个歌唱家失去了她银铃般的嗓音)
5.fish的问题：指许多条鱼且不管种类时，用fish，单复数相同;fishes 指许多种类的鱼;fish指“鱼肉”时是不可数名词。如：There are many kinds of fishes in the pool. (池子里有很多种类的鱼)/ I prefer fish to meat.(与肉相比我更喜欢鱼)
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