职称英语综合类B级词汇讲解

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职称英语综合类B级词汇讲解

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职称英语综合类B级词汇讲解

　　1.At midnight(午夜、半夜12点), we were aroused (吵醒)by a knock(敲) at the door. (answer: B)

　　A. irritated：vt(使人恼怒、急噪)I am irradiated by the delay of the flight(航班的延误).

　　B. awakened: vt (弄醒，唤醒)my mother awakens me every morning.

　　C. arisen(***): vi(是arise的过去分词，出现、呈现、引起、发生,一般和介词from搭配。)

　　A new problem(问题) has arisen.

　　arise = appear = come up = originate = cause

　　D. annoyed：vt(是annoy的过去分词，使某人不悦、惹恼某人，打搅)

　　His constant(不断的。不停的) cries(哭闹) annoy me.

　　分析：arouse是一个多义词，一般作为及物动词使用，基本含义有：唤醒某人，引起、激发;鼓励、鼓动。我们可以参看教材上一道原题(卫生类)

　　2.In a bullfight, it is the movement, not the color, of objects that arouses the bull.

　　A. confuses(使人迷惑，混淆) B. excites(使人兴奋、刺激，激发)

　　C. scares(恐吓某人，吓跑某人= frighten)

　　D. diverts(转移某人的注意力，使某物转向)

　　arouse = awaken = encourage = cause

　　在06年的8题中，题目略做改动：

　　3.It is the movement, not the color, of objects that excites the bull.

　　A. frightens(使人感到恐惧、害怕) B. scares C. confuses D. arouses

　　得出结论：不要背答案，要搞清每个常用词的用法和同义词，尽量在学习过程中能作到举一反三。

　　4.She was awarded(颁发、授予、) a prize(奖) for the film(电影). (answer: A)

　　A. given：vt(给、授予、让步、供给), 常出现的固定搭配：give away泄露秘密，发放，颁发; give forth发表，公布，发出声音、气味;give in屈服，交上;give way to让步，坍塌，破裂

　　B. rewarded：vt酬劳、奖赏;n 报酬、赏金，常见搭配：

　　as a reward for作为对某事的奖赏;reward sb for sth为某事而报答某人,请注意派生词：rewarding: adj 值得做的，令人满意的 a rewarding film/trip(旅行)

　　如：He rewarded the boy for finding his lost mobile phone.

　　C. sent(是send过去分词，送，寄)

　　The mother sends her children to school every morning.

　　D. reminded(原形是remind, 提醒某人，使某人想起，常见搭配：remind sb of sth)

　　The picture(照片) reminded me of my father.

　　分析：award属于词义比较简单的词，一般表示颁发、授予、判定、给予，如：

　　she was awarded a gold medal(金牌) as a swimming(游泳) champion(冠军)

　　5.Smoking(吸烟) will be banned (禁止)in all public(公共的) places here. (answer: A)

　　A. forbidden: 原形是forbid, 意思是禁止，不许，常见搭配：forbid sb to do sth,

　　The teacher forbids us to talk(说话) in the class.

　　B. allowed(***): 原形allow, 允许、准许某人做某事，allow sb to do sth, 如：

　　My boss(老板) doesn’t allow me to use(使用)the phone(电话).

　　C. permitted : vt 原形permit, 允许，许可，使某事有可能性，同义词allow, let.

　　allow = permit = let

　　D. promoted(***): v 原形promote, 促进、增进、发扬、提升、请注意派生的名词：promotion: 提升、促销，提倡、赞助。

　　如：She worked hard and was promoted very soon. (她工作努力，很快获得晋升。)

　　the organization(组织) works to promote(促进) friendship(友谊) between nations(两国之间的).

　　6.Smoking is not permitted in the office.

　　A. probable：形容词，可能的，同义词：possible

　　B. possible：形容词，可能的，同义词：probable)

　　C. admitted：动词，承认、允许某人进入，如：

　　1). The small window admits very little light(阳光).

　　2). I admitted I was wrong. (我承认我错了。)

　　D. allowed = permitted

　　7.There is a growing(不断增加的) gap(n 缺口、裂口、距离、分歧) between the rich(代表一类人，富人们) and the poor(穷人们). (answer: C)

　　A. conflict：n 冲突、争执、(意见的)分歧、v冲突、抵触

　　a conflict of interests利害冲突;

　　B. tension: n 紧张，同义词：nervousness

　　C. gulf: n 海湾、沟壑、分歧，常见搭配：gulf between A and B in sth

　　There is a gulf between the husband and the wife in education(教育) of their child.

　　D. confrontation: n 对抗、动词：confront.

　　一般用于： confront sb with sth让某人面对(不快的或令人头疼的事情)

　　有关gap,还有一个常见的表达：generation gap代沟

　　8.I am very grateful(感激的) to you for your assistance(帮助). (answer: D)

　　A. helpful：有帮助的，反义词：helpless, 词组：be helpful to sb

　　He is always helpful to his mother.

　　B. hopeful:有希望的，反义词：hopeless, 常见搭配：be hopeful of/about对。。。抱有希望，如：I am hopeful of passing the exam.

　　C. pitiful: pity+ful 令人怜悯的、可怜的，反义词：pitiless: 无怜悯心的、残酷的

　　D .thankful：感激的、感谢的，反义词：thankless: 不感谢的、忘恩的，常见搭配：

　　be thankful to sb for sth = be grateful to sb for sth

　　得出结论：同义词的常见搭配也一样，后缀-ful(充满的)和-less(少的、几乎没有的)互为反义词。(重要词根!)

　　9.You will be meeting her presently(不久、立刻). (answer: A)

　　A. shortly：adv马上、立刻 I’ll be coming back shortly.

　　B. currently: adv时下、当前，同义词组：at present = now

　　She is currently in Beijing.

　　C. lately(***): adv 最近，同义词：recently

　　How have been lately?近来可好?

　　D. probably：可能地，反义词：improbably, 同义词：possibly.

　　presently = shortly = soon

　　10.Attitudes to(对。。。的态度) mental(精神的) illness(疾病) have shifted(改变) in recent years(在近几年=lately). (answer: C)

　　A. displayed: 展示、陈列某物，显示、显露 display sth to sb

　　B. shown:原形show, 显示、展示，此时和display属近义词。

　　C. changed(***)：高频核心词，含义丰富，改变、更换、交换、换乘、换衣服兑换货币，等等。

　　change one’s idea/attitude改变主意/态度;change one’s job换工作; change gear换挡; change sides改变立场; change train换乘火车;change dollars into RMB把美圆兑换成人民币。

　　D. demonstrated：v 证明、论证、表明、游行

　　11.I have been trying to(尽力) quit(停止) smoking. (answer: A)

　　A. give up：停止、放弃，give up sth/doing sth, 如：

　　My husband gave up(= quit = stop = abandon) smoking last year.

　　B. pick up(***):捡起来、情况好转、通过实践学会(外语、技术)、收取某物、接人、偶然结识某人等。

　　C. build up逐渐发展、增强

　　D. take up：占据(时间或空间)、从事某事

　　12.That guy(家伙，小伙子) is intelligent(聪明的), but a bit dull (沉闷的、乏味的、单调的). (answer: D)

　　A.strange：奇怪的、陌生的、不同寻常的，常见搭配：be strange to sth

　　he’s strange to the new work. (他对这新工作很不习惯。)

　　B. special：特殊的、特别的、专门的、额外的，如：special friend特别的朋友;special train专列;当名词用时，特别的人或事物。

　　C. quiet：安静的。Keep quiet!保持安静!

　　D. boring：枯燥的、无趣的、单调的，请注意和它有关的其他同根词：

　　bore: v使人感到乏味;bored: adj 感到乏味的;在口语中，有时说：

　　Long speech bores me to death. (冗长的演讲把我烦死了。)

　　13. We all think(认为) that Mary’s husband(丈夫) is a very boring(乏味的) person.

　　A shy(害羞的) B stupid(愚蠢的)

　　C dull(乏味的、无趣的、迟钝的) D selfish(自私的)

　　dull = boring = uninteresting

　　得出结论：有时间多做真题。只要是高频核心词，总会不厌其烦地出现在试卷上。

　　14.She is a highly (非常) successful (成功的)teacher. (answer: C)

　　A. fairly ：adv 相当地、公平地、完全地，一般与褒义词连用，如：

　　1). Your bedroom(卧室)is fairly tidy(整洁的).

　　2). You are not treating(对待) us fairly(公平地).

　　B. rather : adv 相当地，多与贬义词连用，如：it’s rather cold today. (今天相当地冷。)除此之外，常见搭配：would rather do A than do B:宁愿做A也不愿做B，如：

　　I would rather walk to school than take a bus.

　　rather too:太。。。，如：English is rather too difficult for me.(英语对于我来说太难。)

　　rather than:不是，不要，如：I would like a cup of tea rather than coffee.

　　C. very: 非常

　　D. moderately: adv 适度地、不过分地

　　补充：关于highly:高度地，非常，如：

　　his classmates speak highly of him. (他的同班同学对他高度评价。)

　　15.We should not sacrifice(牺牲) environmental protections(环保) to foster (促进)economic(经济的) growth(增长). (answer: B)

　　A. reduce：减少，同义词：decrease

　　B. promote: v 晋升、提升、促进

　　C. realize(***)：认识到、实现计划、了解到，常见搭配：

　　Realize one’s mistake认识到自己的错误;realize one’s hopes/plan/dream实现希望/计划/梦想;realize the truth of the event了解时间真相

　　D. give：给予

　　补充：foster是一个多义词，除了“促进”，还表示培养、培育、照顾、抚养(不属于自己的孩子)，如：foster mother养母;foster parents养父母。

　　16.Government(政府) health campaigns(健康运动) have fostered (培养)an awareness(意识) of the dangers(危险，危害性) in certain social habits (某些社会习惯).

　　A. included(包括) B. discovered(发现)

　　C. cultivated (培养、养成，种植庄稼，陶冶情操)

　　17.Relief workers(救援人员) were shocked (震惊的、吃惊的)by what they saw(他们所看到的). (answer: C)

　　A. moved：感动的 B. touched：动人的、感人的(= moved)

　　C. surprised: 吃惊的，be surprised at sth.

　　I’m very surprised to see you here.

　　D. worried: 担心的、发愁的，同义词anxious,搭配：be worried about

　　He is worried about his exam.

　　所以：surprised = shocked = astonished

　　18.The weather(天气) is a constant (不断发生的、不变的)subject (主题)of conversation(谈话) in Britain(英国). (answer: D)

　　A. question：问题、疑问、询问，常见的搭配：an open question未解决的问题、允许公开争论的问题

　　B. problem问题、难题，solve a problem解决问题;

　　C. title 名称、题目、标题、头衔

　　D. topic话题、主题

　　19.This is not typical (典型的、有代表性的)of English, but is a feature (特点、特征)of the Chinese language. (answer: B)

　　A. particular：个别的、特别的、挑剔的，如：his particular problems他的个人问题; particular importance特别的重要; she’s very particular about her clothes. (她对她的衣服很挑剔。)，副词：particularly = especially

　　B. characteristic：典型的，常见搭配：be characteristic of = be typical of

　　C. remarkable: 不同寻常的、出类拔萃的，同义词：unusual = exceptional = extraordinary

　　D. idiomatic: 来自于idiom习语、成语;idiomatic符合语言或方言的特点的

　　20.It is virtually (几乎)impossible(不可能) to persuade(劝说) him to apply for(申请) the job. (answer: B)

　　A. simply：简单地、仅仅 I bought the house simply because it was very big.

　　B. almost几乎、差不多。 She is almost 40 years old.

　　C. totally = completely = entirely 完全地、全部地

　　D. completely = totally

　　补充：persuade sb to do sth劝说某人做某事

　　D. discouraged：使某人泄气，失去信心，反义词：encourage:鼓励，请注意dis-是一个常见的反义前缀。

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