职称英语考试卫生类B级考前模拟题
第四部分：阅读理解(第31——45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的.位置上。
第一篇 Eat Healthy
"Clean your plate!" and "Be a member of the clean-plate club!" Just about every kid in the US has heard this from a parent or grandparent. Often, it's accompanied by an appeal: "Just think about those starving orphans in Africa!" Sure, we should be grateful for every bite of food. Unfortunately, many people in the US take too many bites. Instead of staying "clean the plate", perhaps we should save some food for tomorrow.
According to news reports, US restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies. A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story. Americans traditionally associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that. They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little.
Barbara Rolls, a nutrition professor at Pennsylvania State University, told USA Today that restaurant portion sizes began to grow in the 1970s, the same time that the American waistline began to expand.
Health experts have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions. Now, apparently, some customers are calling for this too. The restaurant industry trade magazine QSR reported last month that 57 percent of more than 4,000 people surveyed believe restaurants serve portions that are too large; 23 percent had no opinion; 20 percent disagreed. But a closer look at the survey indicates that many Americans who can't afford fine dining still prefer large portions. Seventy percent of those earning at least $150,000 per year prefer smaller portions; but only 45 percent of those earning less than $25,000 want smaller.
It's not that working class Americans don't want to eat healthy. It's just that, after long hours at low-paying jobs, getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal. They live from paycheck to paycheck, happy to save a little money for next year's Christmas presents.
31. Parents in the United States tend to ask their children
A. to save food.
B. to wash the dishes.
C. not to waste food.
D. not to eat too much.
32. Why do American restaurants serve large portions?
A. Because Americans associate quantity with value.
B. Because Americans have big bellies.
C. Because Americans are good eaters.
D. Because Americans are greedy.
33. What happened in the 1970s?
A. The US government recommended the amount of food a restaurant gave to a customer.
B. Health experts persuaded restaurants to serve smaller portions.
C. The United States produced more grain than needed.
D. The American waistline started to expand.
34. What does the survey indicate?
A. Many poor Americans want large portions.
B. Twenty percent Americans want smaller portions.
C. Fifty seven percent Americans earn $150,000 per year.
D. Twenty three percent Americas earn less than $25,000 per year.
35. Which of the following is NOT true of working class Americans?
A. They work long hours.
B. They live from paycheck to paycheck.
C. They don’t want to be healthy eaters.
D. They want to save money for their children.
第二篇 Sprained(扭伤)Ankle
One of the most common injuries teenagers and adults experience is a sprained ankle. A sprain occurs when the ligaments(韧带) of a joint are twisted(扭伤) and possibly torn. Ligaments are bands of fibers that hold the bones of a joint in position. A sprain can occur from a sudden twisting at the joint, or a stretching or tearing of the fibers of the ligaments. The injured area usually swells(肿胀) and becomes black and blue. Stepping off the sidewalk at the wrong angle or having one foot land in a hole while walking or running can leave you rolling on the ground in pain with an ankle on fire! If you cannot walk without experiencing intense pain, you must seek medical help. If the pain is manageable, and you can walk, here are three words to help you remember how to treat yourself:
As soon as there is injury to that ligament, there will be a certain amount of bleeding under the skin. Once the blood pools around the damaged blood vessels, swelling occurs. The pressure from the swelling results in additional stress and tenderness to the region. In order to reduce the degree of swelling, lie down as soon as possible and keep the ankle elevated so that it is actually higher than your heart. Next, to reduce blood distribution and keep bleeding(流血) to minimum, apply a cold pack. After 20 minutes, take the pack off, wait half an hour, and then reapply. This can be several times a day for a total of three days.
Never leave a cold pack on for more than 20 minutes at a time. Reducing the temperature in that area for an extended period of time signals the body to increase blood flow to raise the body temperature! Therefore, one accidentally triggers(引起) more blood distribution to the affected area by leaving a cold pack on for too long! Finally, bandage the angle. Be careful not to wind it too tightly; doing so can restrict blood flow and cause harm to the entire foot.
36. A sprain is caused by
A blood vessels being hurt in the foot
B ligament fibers of a joint being twisted
C constantly changing body temperature
D elevating one’s ankle
37. The black-and –blue symptom of a sprain means
A pressing one’s ankle
B a tight bandage
C applying a cold pack
D bleeding under the skin
38. The word “it” in paragraph 2 (line 15) refers to
A injury
B pressure
C swelling
D ankle
39. Once the initial cold pack is removed, what is to be done?
A Begin bandaging the ankle
B Wait 30 minutes and then reapply the pack for 20 minutes
C Keep the ankle in a position lower than your heart
D Wait 20 minutes and then reapply the ice pack for 30 minutes
40. The main idea of the passage is to explain
A how to treat a sprained ankle
B how a sprain occurs
C how to bandage an injured foot
D how to reduce the temperature of a wounded area
第三篇 Thirst for Oil
Werldwide every day，we devour the energyequivalent of about 200 million barrels of Oil.MoHt of the energy on Earth comes from the Sun.In fact enough energy from the Sun hits the planet’s surface each minute to cover our needs for an entire year，we just need to find an efficient way to use it.So far the energy in oil has been cheaper and easier to get at.But as supplies dwindle，this will change，and we will need to cure our addiction to oil.
Burning wood satisfied most energy needs until the steam-driven industrial revolution，when energy-dense coal became the fuel of choice.Coal is still used，mostly in power stations，to cover orle quarter of our energy needs，but its use has been declining since wc Staned pumping up oil. Coal is the least efficient，unhealthiest and most environmentally damaging fossil fuel，but could make a comeback，as supplies are still plentiful; its reserves are five times larger than oil’s.
Today petroleum，a mineral oil obtained from below the surface of the Earth and used to produce petrol，diesel oil and various other chemical substances，provides around 40% of the world’s energy needs，mostly fuelling automobiles.The US consumes a quarter of all oil，and generates a similar proportion of greenhouse gas emissions.
The majority of oil Comes from the Middle East，which has half of known reserves.But other significant sources include Russia，North America，Norway，Venezuela and the North Sea.Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge1 could be a major new US source，to reduce reliance on foreign imports.
Most experts predict we will exhaust easily accessible reserves within 50 years，though opinions and estimates vary.We could fast reach an energy crisis in the next few decades，when demand exceeds supply. As conventional reserves become more difficuh to access.others such as oil shales and tar sands may be used instead.Petrol could also be obtained from coal.
Since we started using fossil fuels，we have released 400 billion tonnes2 of carbon，and burning the entire reserves could eventually raise world temperatures by 13℃.Among other horrors，this would result in the destruction of all rainforests and tile inching of all Arctic ice.
41. “...we will need to cure our addiction to oil.” Why does the author say so?
A Most of the energy on Earth comes from the Sun.
B Oil supply is increasing all the time.
C Demand for oil is increasing all the time.
D Oil supply is decreasing.
42. Which of the following statements is NOT meant by the author，according to the second paragraph?
A Wood wets the fuel of choice before coal.
B The use of coal is declining.
C Coal is the most environmentally unfriendly fuel next to oil.
D Coal reserves are plentiful and will be likely to become the major fuel of choice.
43. Which country is the biggest consumer of petroleum?
A The United States.
B Russia.
C Norway.
D Venezuela.
44. What do experts say about the earth’s fuel reserves?
A The earth’s fuel reserves will be accessible for the next 50 years.
B There will soon be an energy crisis.
C Conventional reserves will soon become inaccessible.
D Fuel demand will decline.
45. What is NOT the result of consuming fossil fuels according to the last paragraph?
A Rainforests will be destroyed.
B Arctic ice will be melted.
C The earth’s temperature will be raised.
D The sea level will go up.