2015职称英语理工类A级考试真题（含答案）
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23—30题，每题1分，共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23——26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2——5段每段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第27——30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
First Image-recognition Software
1. Dartmouth researchers and their colleagues have created an artificial intelligence software that uses photos to locate documents on the Internet with far greater accuracy than ever before.
2. The new system, which was tested on photos and is now being applied to videos, shows for the first time that a machine learning algorithm (运算法则) for image recognition and retrieval is accurate and efficient enough to improve large-scale document searches online. The system uses pixel (像素) data in images and potentially video — rather than just text — to locate documents. It learns to recognize the pixels associated with a search phrase by studying the results from text-based image search engines. The knowledge gleaned (收集) from those results can then be applied to other photos without tags or captions (图片说明), making for more accurate document search results.
3. "Over the last 30 years," says Associate Professor Lorenzo Torresani, a co-author of the study, "the Web has evolved from a small collection of mostly text documents to a modern, massive, fast-growing multimedia data set, where nearly every page includes multiple pictures or videos. When a person looks at a Web page, he immediately gets the gist (主旨) of it by looking at the pictures in it. Yet, surprisingly, all existing popular search engines, such as Google or Bing, strip away the information contained in the photos and use exclusively the text of Web pages to perform the document retrieval. Our study is the first to show that modern machine vision systems are accurate and efficient enough to make effective use of the information contained in image pixels to improve document search."
4. The researchers designed and tested a machine vision system — a type of artificial intelligence that allows computers to learn without being explicitly programmed — that extracts semantic (语义的) information from the pixels of photos in Web pages. This information is used to enrich the description of the HTML page used by search engines for document retrieval. The researchers tested their approach using more than 600 search queries (查询)on a database of 50 million Web pages. They selected the text-retrieval search engine with the best performance and modified it to make use of the additional semantic information extracted by their method from the pictures of the Web pages. They found that this produced a 30 percent improvement in precision over the original search engine purely based on text.
23. Paragraph 1 ____
24. Paragraph 2 ____
25. Paragraph 3 ____
26. Paragraph 4 ____
A. Function of the new system
B. Improvement in document retrieval
C. Publication of the new discovery
D. Problems of the existing search engines
E. Popularity of the new system
F. Artificial intelligence software created
27. The new system does document retrieval by ____.
28. The new system is expected to improve precision in ____.
29. When performing document retrieval the existing search engines ignore __ __
30. The new system was found more effective in document search than the ____
A. using photos
B. description of the HTML page
C. current popular search engines
D. document search
E. information in images
F. machine vision systems
第4部分：阅读理解(第31〜45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇 Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More Light
Solar photovoltaic thermal energy systems, or PVTs，generate both heat and electricity, but until now they haven’t been very good at the heat-generating part compared to a stand-alone solar thermal collector. That’s because they operate at low temperatures to cool crystalline silicon solar cells，which lets the silicon generate more electricity but isn’t a very efficient way to gather heat.
That’s a problem of economics. Good solar hot-water systems can harvest much more energy than a solar-electric system at a substantially lower cost. And it，s also a space problem: photovoltaic cells can take up all the space on the roof, leaving little room for thermal applications.
In a pair of studies, Joshua Pearce, an associate professor of materials science and engineering, has devised a solution in the form of a better PVT made with a different kind of silicon. His research collaborators are Kunal Girotra from Thin Silicon in California and Michael Pathak and Stephen Harrison from Queen’s University, Canada.
Most solar panels are made with crystalline silicon, but you can also make solar cells out of amorphous silicon，commonly known as thin-film silicon. They don’t create as much electricity, but they are lighter, flexible, and cheaper. And, because they require much less silicon, they have a greener footprint. Unfortunately, thin-film silicon solar cells are vulnerable to some bad-news physics in the form of the Staebler-Wronski effect.
“That means that their efficiency drops when you expose them to light 一 pretty much the worst possible effect for a solar cell，” Pearce explains, which is one of the reasons thin-film solar panels make
up only a small fraction of the market.
However, Pearce and his team found a way to engineer around the Staebler-Wronski effect by incorporating thin-film silicon in a new type of PVT. You don’t have to cool down thin-film silicon to make it work. In fact, Pearce’s group discovered that by heating it to solar-thermal operating temperatures, near the boiling point of water, they could make thicker cells that largely overcame the Staebler-Wronski effect. When they applied the thin-film silicon directly to a solar thermal energy collector, they also found that by baking the cell once a day, they boosted the solar cell’s electrical efficiency by over 10 percent.
31.PVTs are not efficient in
A.creating electricity.
B.cooling silicon solar cells.
C.generating heat.
D.powering solar thermal collectors.
32.One of the problems PVTs have is that
A.their thermal applications are costly.
B.they are too expensive to afford.
C.it is hard to fix them on the roof.
D.they occupy too much space.
33.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an advantage of thin-film silicon solar cells?
A.They are flexible.
B.They are less expensive.
C.They are electrically efficient.
D.They are environment friendly.
34.Thin-film solar panels do not sell well on market because
A.they do not work well if exposed to light.
B.their advantages are not well-recognized.
C.they need improving in appearance.
D.they are not advertised.
35.Which of the following statements is true?
A.New techniques have been developed to produce thin-film silicon.
B.Thin-film silicon works efficiently at low temperature.
C.Thin-film silicon's electrical efficiency improves when heated up.
D.Anew material enlarging the Staebler-WronsKi effect has been created.