2016职称英语考试试题综合类冲刺题及答案
四、阅读理解。短文后有5道题，每道题后面都有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
New Foods and the New World
In the last 500 years, nothing about people---not their clothes, ideas, or languages---has changed as much as what they eat. The original chocolate drink was made from the seeds of the cocoa tree by South American Indians. The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the world during the 1500’s. And although it was very expensive, it quickly became fashionable. In London shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still exist today.
The potato is also from the New World. Around 1600, the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe, where it soon was widely grown. Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the "Potato Famine" of 1845-6, and thousands more were forced to emigrate to America.
There are many other foods that have traveled from South America to the Old World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the world’s largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries. But it is native to Ethiopia. It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400’s.
According to an Arabic legend, coffee was discovered when a goatherd named Kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee bush. He tried one and experienced the "wide-awake" feeling that one-third of the world’s population now starts the day with.
1. According to the passage, which of the following has changed the most in the last 500 years?
A) Food.
B) Chocolate.
C) Potato.
D) Coffee
答案：A 细节辨析题。定位于第一段In the last 500 years, nothing about people---not their clothes, ideas, or languages---has changed as much as what they eat.可知在过去的500年，他们吃的食物改变得最多。因此选A。
2. "Some" in "Some still exist today" means
A) some cocoa trees.
B) some chocolate drinks.
C) some shops.
D) some South American Indians.
答案：C 词义解释题。定位于第一段In London shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still exist today.根据语境，可判断some指代的是前一句的主语shop，故选C。
3. Thousands of Irish people starved during the "Potato Famine" because
A) they were so dependent on the potato that they refused to eat anything else.
B) they were forced to emigrate to America.
C) the weather conditions in Ireland were not suitable for growing the potato.
D) the potato harvest was bad.
答案：D 细节辨认题。定位于第二段thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed (土豆歉收、减产)during the "Potato Famine" of 1845-6,选项D符合原文内容，故选D。
4. Coffee originally came from
A) Brazil.
B) Colombia.
C) Ethiopia.
D) Arabia.
答案：C 细节辨认题。定位于第三段But it is native to(=come from) Ethiopia.故选C。
5. The Arabic legend is used to prove that
A) coffee was first discovered by Kaldi.
B) coffee was first discovered by Kaldi’s goats.
C) coffee was first discovered in south American countries.
D) coffee drinks were first made by Arabs.
答案：D 细节辨认题。定位于第三段It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400’s.后解释说明了The Arabic legend，因此选D。
Good Modern Newspaper
A good modern newspaper is an extraordinary piece of reading. It is remarkable first for what it contains: the range of news from local crime to international politics, from sport to business to fashion to science, and the range of comment and special features (特写) as well, from editorial page to feature articles and interviews to criticism of books, art, theatre and music. A newspaper is even more remarkable for the way one reads it: never completely, never straight through, but always by jumping : from here to there, in and out, glancing at one piece, reading another article all the way through, reading just a few paragraphs of the next. A good modern newspaper offers a variety to attract many different readers, but far more than any one reader is interested in. What brings this variety together in one place is its topicality ( 时事性),its immediate relation to what is happening in your world and your locality now. But immediacy and the speed of production that goes with it mean also that much of what appears in a newspaper has no more than transient (短暂的) value. For all these reasons, no two people really read the same paper: what each person does is to put together out of the pages of that day's paper, his own selection and sequence, his own newspaper. For all these reasons, reading newspapers efficiently, which means getting what you want from them without missing things you need but without wasting time, demands skill and self-awareness as you modify and apply the techniques of reading.
36 A modern newspaper is remarkable for all the following EXCEPT its_____
A. wide coverage.
B. uniform style.
C. speed in reporting news.
D. popularity.
答案：B 细节辨析题。句子It is remarkable first for what it contains可得出选项A;句子A good modern newspaper offers a variety可得出选项D;句子What brings this variety together in one place is its topicality ( 时事性),its immediate relation to what is happening in your world and your locality now.选项C，因此可知选项B在文章中没有提及，故选B。
37 According to the passage, the reason why no two people really read the "same" newspaper is that______
A. people scan for the news they are interested in.
B. different people prefer different newspapers.
C. people are rarely interested in the same kind of news.
D. people have different views about what a good newspaper is.
答案：A 细节辨析题。定位于句子For all these reasons, no two people really read the same paper: what each person does is to put together out of the pages of that day's paper, his own selection and sequence, his own newspaper.可知选项A符合文章内容选A。
38 It can be concluded from the passage that newspaper readers______
A. apply reading techniques skillfully.
B. jump from one newspaper to another.
C. appreciate the variety of a newspaper.
D. usually read a newspaper selectively.
答案：D 推理判断题。定位于最后一句For all these reasons, reading newspapers efficiently, which means getting what you want from them without missing things you need but without wasting time, demands skill and self-awareness as you modify and apply the techniques of reading.可推断报纸的阅读者都是选择性阅读，故选D。
39 A good newspaper offers "a variety" to readers because______
A. it tries to serve different readers.
B. it has to cover things that happen in a certain locality.
C. readers are difficult to please.
D. readers like to read different newspapers.
答案：A 细节辨析题。定位于句子A good modern newspaper offers a variety to attract(= serve) many different readers, but far more than any one reader is interested in.故选A。
40 The best title for this passage would be”_______”
A. The Importance of Newspaper Topicality
B. The Characteristics of a Good Newspaper
C. The Variety of a Good Newspaper
D. Some Suggestions on How to Read a Newspaper
答案：B 主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知主要讲了好的报纸的特点，故选B。
Quality Education
A quality education is the ultimate liberator. It can free people from poverty, giving them the power to greatly improve their lives and take a productive place in society. It can also free communities and countries, allowing them to leap forward into periods of wealth and social unity that otherwise would not be possible.
For this reason, the international community has committed itself to getting all the world's children into primary school by 2015, a commitment known as Education for All.
Can education for all be achieved by 2015? The answer is definitely "yes", although it is a difficult task. If we now measure the goal in terms of children successfully completing a minimum of five years of primary school, instead of just enrolling for classes, which used to be the measuring stick for education, then the challenge becomes even more difficult. Only 32 countries were formerly believed to be at risk of not achieving education for all on the basis of enrollment rates. The number rises to 88 if completion rates are used as the criterion.
Still, the goal is achievable with the right policies and the right support from the international community. 59 of the 88 countries at risk can reach universal primary completion by 2015 if they bring the efficiency and quality of their education systems into line with standards observed in higher-performing systems. They also need significant increases in external financing and technical support. The 29 countries lagging farthest behind will not reach the goal without unprecedented rates of progress. But this is attainable with creative solution, including use of information technologies, flexible and targeted foreign aid, and fewer people living in poverty.
A key lesson of experience about what makes development effective is that a country's capacity to use aid well depends heavily on its policies, institutions and management. Where a country scores well on these criteria, foreign assistance can be highly effective.
41 In the first paragraph, the author suggests that a quality education can______
A. free countries from foreign rules.
B. speed up social progress.
C. give people freedom.
D. liberate people from any exploitation.
答案：B 推理判断题。定位于第一段It can also free communities and countries, allowing them to leap forward into(speed up) periods of wealth and social unity(=social progress) that otherwise would not be possible.可知素质教育有助于加快社会进步。故选B。
42 Ideally, the goal of the program of Education for All is to______ by 2015.
A. get all the world's children to complete primary school
B. enroll all the world's children into primary school
C. give quality education to people of 88 countries
D. support those committed to transforming their education systems
答案：B 细节辨认题。定位于第二段For this reason, the international community has committed itself to getting all the world's children into primary school by 2015, a commitment known as Education for All.意为“出于这一原因，国际社会决定致力于在2015年前让全世界所有儿童都能上小学，此决定称为“全民教育”。”选项B符合，故选B。选项A是说让全世界所有儿童都完成小学教育，与原文内容不一致。
43_____ countries are now at risk of not achieving education for all on the basis of completion rates.
A.32
B.59
C.29
D.88
答案：D 细节辨认题。定位于第三段Only 32 countries were formerly believed to be at risk of not achieving education for all on the basis of enrollment rates. The number rises to 88 if completion rates are used as the criterion.意为“如果使用毕业率为标准，则这个数字怕是要涨到88个。”故选D。
44 According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as the right policy?
A. Raising the efficiency of education systems.
B. Improving the quality of education.
C. Using information technologies.
D. Building more primary schools.
答案：D 细节辨认题。句子59 of the 88 countries at risk can reach universal primary completion by 2015 if they bring the efficiency and quality of their education systems=raising the efficiency of education systems and improving the quality of education，“提高教育体系的效率和质量”，选项A和B在文中有提及;句子But this is attainable with creative solution, including use of information technologies, flexible and targeted foreign aid, and fewer people living in poverty.与选项C相同。综上可知，选项D在文中没有提及，故选D。
45 As can be gathered from the last paragraph, foreign aid______
A. may not be highly effective.
B. is provided only when some criteria are met.
C. alone makes development possible.
D. is most effective for those countries lagging farthest behind.
答案：A 推理判断题。定位于最后一段A key lesson of experience about what makes development effective is that a country's capacity to use aid well depends heavily on its policies, institutions and management. Where a country scores well on these criteria, foreign assistance can be highly effective.意为“有关“什么促使教育有效发展”的一个关键的经验教训是：一个国家利用援助的能力主要取决于其政策、制度和管理。基于这些标准，在一个国家表现好的领域，国际社会的援助就可能非常有效。”可排除B、C、D，故选A。