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2017职称英语《卫生A级》练习题及答案
Highways
With the increase in auto production, private turnpike (收费公路) companies under localauthorities began to spring up, and by 1921 there were 387,000 miles of paved roads. At that time,there were no national standards for size, weight restrictions, or weight of trucks. During the WorldWar I, roads throughout the country were nearly destroyed by the weight of trucks. When GeneralEisenhower returned from Germany in 1919, he noted, "The old convoy (车队) had started methinking about good, two-lane highways, but Germany's autobahn or motorway had made me seethe wisdom of broader ribbons across the land."
The interstate highway system was finally started in 1956. To build its 44,000-mile web ofhighways, bridges, and tunnels, hundreds of unique engineering designs and solutions had to beworked out. Considering the many geographic features of the country such as mountains, steepgrades, wetlands, rivers, deserts and plains, innovative designs of roadways began to weave theirway across the country, forever altering the face of America.
Today, the interstate system links every major city in the U.S., and the U.S. with Canada andMexico. Built with safety in mind, the highways have wide lanes and shoulders, dividing medians,or barriers, long entry and exit lanes, curves engineered for safe turns, and limited access. Thedeath rate on highways is half that of all other U.S. roads (0.86 deaths per 100 million milescompared to 1.99 deaths per 100 million on all other roads).
By opening the North American continent, highways have enabled consumer goods and
services to reach people in remote and rural areas of the country, spurred the growth of suburbs,and provided people with greater options in terms of jobs, access to cultural programs, health care,and other benefits. Above all, the interstate system provides individuals with what they cherishmost: personal freedom of mobility.
The interstate system has been an essential element of the nation's economic growth in termsof shipping and job creation: more than 75 percent of the nation's freight deliveries arrive by truck;and most products that arrive by rail or air use interstates for the last leg of the journey by vehicle.
Not only has the highway system affected the American economy by providing shipping routes, butit has led to the growth of spin-off industries like service stations, motels, restaurants, and shoppingcenters. It has allowed the relocation of manufacturing plants and other industries from urban areasto rural areas.
16. National standards for paved roads were in place by 1921.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
17. Eisenhower felt that the broad German motorways had better quality than the highways ofAmerica.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
18. In the 1950s the American government finally took action to build a national highway system.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
19. Many of the problems presented by the country's geographical features found solutions ininnovative engineering projects.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
20. With safety considerations, the death rate on interstate highways is still higher than that ofother American roads.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
21. The interstate highway system provides access between major military installations in America.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
22. Service stations, motels and restaurants promoted the development of the interstate highway system.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
【参考答案】
16.B。题干：只有在2月我们需要关注孩子的口腔健康。文章第一句讲：“2月是国际儿童牙齿健康月，但是每天都需要重视孩子的口腔健康”。因此题干所述与文章信息不符，选B。
17.A。题干：牙齿和口腔疾病在大人和孩子中都非常常见。文章第一段中提到：“在国际口腔健康日发布了最为综合的研究结果，把口腔和牙齿疾病叫作‘无声流行病’，甚至在孩子中也很常见。”因此，题干所述与原文相符，故选择A。
18.C。题干：男孩子因为牙疾病问题缺失的课程更多。文章并没有提及题干所述问题，所以选C。
19.A。题干：孩子的口腔问题可以发展成更为严重的问题。文章第三段讲：“这很重要，因为牙齿疾病可以影响孩子的自尊心，并导致吃饭、说话、听力等方面的问题。”题干所述与文章信息相符，因此选A。
20.B。题干：牙齿问题不可能避免。文章第四段讲：“但是很多时候，牙齿问题是可以避免的。”题干所述与文章信息不符，因此选B。
21.C。题干：低收入群体的孩子很感谢牙医。文章并没有提及低收入群体孩子对牙医的看法，所以本题选C。
22.A。题干：很多孩子在上学前没有去看过牙医。文章第六段讲：“37%的孩子在上学前没有看过牙科医生。”题干叙述与原文相符，故本题选择A。
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