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2017年卫生类职称英语试题及答案
职称英语考试根据专业技术人员使用英语的实际情况，把考试的重点放在了阅读理解上面。因为2017年职称英语考试还没开始，所以小编为大家准备了2016年卫生类的职称英语试题，希望能帮到大家!
2016年职称英语《卫生A》真题
阅读理解
Deforestation and Desertification(沙漠化)
The Sahel zone lies between the Sahara desert and the fertile savannahs(热带大草原)of northern Nigeria and South Sudan. The word sahel comes from Arabic and means marginal or transitional, and this is a good description of these semi-arid(半干旱)lands, which occupy much of the Western African countries of Mali, Mauritania, Niger, and Chad.
Unfortunately, over the last century the Sahara desert has steadily crept southwards eating into once productive Sahellands. United Nations surveys show that over 70 percent of the dry land in agriculture use in Africa has deteriorated over the last 30 years. Droughts have become more severe, the most recent lasting over twenty years in parts of the Sahel region. The same process of desertification is taking place across southern Africa as the Kalahari desert advances into Botswana and parts of South Africa.
One of the major causes of this desert advance is poor agricultural land use, driven by the pressures of increasing population. Overgrazing-keeping too many farm animals on the land-means that grasses and other plants cannot recover, and scarce water supplies are exhausted. Over cultivation-trying to grow too many crops on poor land-results in the soil becoming even less fertile and drier, and beginning to break up. Soil erosion(侵蚀)follows, and the land turns into desert.
Another cause of desertification is loss of tree cover. Trees are cut down for use as fuel and to clear land for agricultural use. Tree roots help to bind the soil together, to conserve moisture, and to provide a habitat for other plants and animals. When trees are cut down, the soil begins to dry and loosen, wind and rain erosion increase, other plant species die, and eventually the fertile top soil may be almost entirely lost, leaving only bare rock and dust.
The effects of loss of topsoil and increased drought are irreversible. They are, however, preventable. Careful conservation of tree cover and sustainable agricultural land use have been shown to halt deterioration of soils and lessen the effects of shortage of rainfall. One project in Kita in south-west Mali funded by UNDP has involved local communities in sustainable management off or rest, while at the same time providing a viable(有活力的)agricultural economy. This may be a model for similar projects in other West African countries.
36.【题干】The Sahel zone is an area which _____.
【选项】
A.is covered with sad and grass
B.has a long history
C.occupies much of South Nigeria
D.belongs to Sudan
【答案】A
【解析】
37. 【题干】What is the situation about the desertification in Africa?
【选项】
A.The deserts are replaced with grasslands
B.The deserts are expanding
C.the deserts are moving northwards
D.the deserts are being deserted
【答案】B
【解析】
38. 【题干】The word "deteriorated" in paragraph2 means _____.
【选项】
A.deepened
B.suffered
C.slipped
D.worsened
【答案】D
【解析】
39. 【题干】What is the root cause of desertification?
【选项】
A.poor farming
B.overpopulation
C.radical climate change
D.disappearance of rare plant species
【答案】A
【解析】
40. 【题干】In order to prevent desertification, the author proposes _____.
【选项】
A.making good use of international aids
B.developing a sustainable agricultural economy
C.gaining international support
D.converting agricultural land into forest
【答案】B
概括大意
Sleep Well to Be Well
1.Do you often feel tired in the morning even though you've been in bed for seven or eight hours the night before? Like many people, you are not sleeping as much as you think you are. In other words, your sleep efficiency is not that good.
2.Sleep experts define "sleep efficiency" as the percentage of time lying down that you are actually sleeping. According to explanatory journalism website vox.com, the science of sleep efficiency is still young. There is no specific number for efficiency that's been proven as linked to poor health. However, according to a New York Times report about sleep quality, some experts estimate a rough ballpark(范围)of 85 percent or above as a decent place to be.
3.Short wavelength blue light, emitted(放出)by the sun and by the screens of computers, iPads and smart phones, stops production of the sleep-inducing hormone melation(褪黑素)and makes you feel more alert. Blue light tells your brain it's daytime. Experts suggest turning off your computers and smart phones one hour or at least 30 minutes before bed.
4.Go to bed and wake up at the same time, or relatively the same time, every day. Avoid binge sleeping(狂睡)on the weekend. Consistency is key to a good night's sleep, especially when it comes to waking up. When you have a consistent wake-up time, your brain acclimates to this and moves through the sleep cycle in preparation for you to feel rested and alert at your wake-up time.
5.One of the biggest peaks in melation production happens during the 1 to 3 pm time frame, which explains why most people feel sleepy in the afternoon. If you aren't getting enough sleep at night, you've likely going to feel an overwhelming desire to sleep in the afternoon. When this happens, you're better off taking a short nap (less than 30 minutes) than resorting to caffeine or strong tea to keep you awake. A short nap will give you the rest you need to get through the rest of the afternoon, and you'll sleep much better in the evening than if you drink caffeine or take a long afternoon nap.
23.【题干】Paragraph 2_____
【选项】
A.Define the sleep related terms
B.Take naps
C.Turnoff the devices emitting blue light
D.Keep a consistent sleep schedule
E.Improve sleep quality
F.Avoid blue light at night
【答案】A
【解析】
24.【题干】Paragraph 3_____
【选项】
A.Define the sleep related terms
B.Take naps
C.Turnoff the devices emitting blue light
D.Keep a consistent sleep schedule
E.Improve sleep quality
F.Avoid blue light at night
【答案】C
【解析】
25.【题干】Paragraph 4_____
【选项】
A.Define the sleep related terms
B.Take naps
C.Turnoff the devices emitting blue light
D.Keep a consistent sleep schedule
E.Improve sleep quality
F.Avoid blue light at night
【答案】D
【解析】
26.【题干】Paragraph 5_____
【选项】
A.Define the sleep related terms
B.Take naps
C.Turnoff the devices emitting blue light
D.Keep a consistent sleep schedule
E.Improve sleep quality
F.Avoid blue light at night
【答案】B
【解析】
27.【题干】The tiredness in the morning even after many hours in bed is due to_____
【选项】
A.alone afternoon nap
B.the peak production of melation
C.poor health
D.low sleep efficiency
E.good sleep efficiency
F.exposure to blue light
【答案】D
【解析】
28.【题干】Sleeping less than 85% of the time spent lying in bed might cause_____
【选项】
A.alone afternoon nap
B.the peak production of melation
C.poor health
D.low sleep efficiency
E.good sleep efficiency
F.exposure to blue light
【答案】C
【解析】
29.【题干】A lower production of the hormone melation is due to_____
【选项】
A.alone afternoon nap
B.the peak production of melation
C.poor health
D.low sleep efficiency
E.good sleep efficiency
F.exposure to blue light
【答案】F
【解析】
30.【题干】A strong desire to sleep in the afternoon is the result of_____
【选项】
A.alone afternoon nap
B.the peak production of melation
C.poor health
D.low sleep efficiency
E.good sleep efficiency
F.exposure to blue light
【答案】B
【解析】
补全短文
Sauna
Ceremonial(仪式性的)bathing has existed for thousands of years and has many forms, one of which is the sauna. The Finns have perfected the steam bath, or sauna, which may be taken, usually in an enclosed room, by pouring water over hot rocks or as a dry heat bath._____(46)Dry heat and steam baths had advocates in ancient Rome and pre-Columbian Americans used sweat lodges.
The earliest saunas were probably underground caves heated by a fire that naturally filled with smoke as chimney making was unknown at that time. A fire kept in a fire-pit would heat the rock walls of the cave. After reaching full heat, the smoke was let out of the cave and the stones would retain heat for several hours._____(47)Today most saunas use electric stoves, although gas and wood-burning stoves are available.
Saunas are relaxing and stress relieving. Those with muscle aches or arthritis(关节炎)may find that the heat relaxes muscles and relieves pain and inflammation(炎症). Asthma(气喘)patients find that the heat enlarges air passageways of the lung and facilitates breathing. Saunas do not cure the common cold but they may help to alleviate congestion(阻塞)arid speed recovery time._____(48)The sauna could be considered to follow the old saying "feed a cold, starve a fever". The regular use of a sauna may decrease the likelihood of getting a cold in the first place.
Sauna is good for your skin as the blood flow to the skin increases and sweating occurs. Adults sweat about 2 lbs of water per hour on average in a sauna. A good sweat removes dirt and grime from pores and gives the skin a healthy glow. The loss in water weight is temporary as the body's physiological mechanisms will quickly restore proper volumes._____(49)Heart rate may increase from 72 beats per minute on average to 100-150 beats per minute.
A normal heart can handle these stresses but those with heart trouble wishing to begin to use a sauna should seek a doctor's advice. The elderly and those with diabetes should check with their doctor prior to beginning to take saunas._____(50)Indeed, everyone just starting out should take short sessions at first to become accustomed to this type of bath.
46.【题干】_____
【选项】
A.an extra large sauna and steam room can be used for players to relax in.
B.The cardiovascular system gets a work out as the heart must pump harder and faster to move blood to the surface for heat exchange.
C.The Japanese, Greeks, Turks and Russians as well as Native Americans have forms of the sweat bath in their bathing rituals.
D.The body's core temperature usually rises a 1-2 degrees while in the sauna, thus imitating a slight fever.
E.Pregnant women should not take saunas, particularly in the first three months.
F.A few people today say that the smoke sauna, "savusauna", is the only true sauna experience and that all saunas should have at least a background odor or smoke.
【答案】C
【解析】
47.【题干】_____
【选项】
A.an extra large sauna and steam room can be used for players to relax in.
B.The cardiovascular system gets a work out as the heart must pump harder and faster to move blood to the surface for heat exchange.
C.The Japanese, Greeks, Turks and Russians as well as Native Americans have forms of the sweat bath in their bathing rituals.
D.The body's core temperature usually rises a 1-2 degrees while in the sauna, thus imitating a slight fever.
E.Pregnant women should not take saunas, particularly in the first three months.
F.A few people today say that the smoke sauna, "savusauna", is the only true sauna experience and that all saunas should have at least a background odor or smoke.
【答案】F
【解析】
48.【题干】_____
【选项】
A.an extra large sauna and steam room can be used for players to relax in.
B.The cardiovascular system gets a work out as the heart must pump harder and faster to move blood to the surface for heat exchange.
C.The Japanese, Greeks, Turks and Russians as well as Native Americans have forms of the sweat bath in their bathing rituals.
D.The body's core temperature usually rises a 1-2 degrees while in the sauna, thus imitating a slight fever.
E.Pregnant women should not take saunas, particularly in the first three months.
F.A few people today say that the smoke sauna, "savusauna", is the only true sauna experience and that all saunas should have at least a background odor or smoke.
【答案】D
【解析】
49.【题干】_____
【选项】
A.an extra large sauna and steam room can be used for players to relax in.
B.The cardiovascular system gets a work out as the heart must pump harder and faster to move blood to the surface for heat exchange.
C.The Japanese, Greeks, Turks and Russians as well as Native Americans have forms of the sweat bath in their bathing rituals.
D.The body's core temperature usually rises a 1-2 degrees while in the sauna, thus imitating a slight fever.
E.Pregnant women should not take saunas, particularly in the first three months.
F.A few people today say that the smoke sauna, "savusauna", is the only true sauna experience and that all saunas should have at least a background odor or smoke.
【答案】B
【解析】
50.【题干】_____
【选项】
A.an extra large sauna and steam room can be used for players to relax in.
B.The cardiovascular system gets a work out as the heart must pump harder and faster to move blood to the surface for heat exchange.
C.The Japanese, Greeks, Turks and Russians as well as Native Americans have forms of the sweat bath in their bathing rituals.
D.The body's core temperature usually rises a 1-2 degrees while in the sauna, thus imitating a slight fever.
E.Pregnant women should not take saunas, particularly in the first three months.
F.A few people today say that the smoke sauna, "savusauna", is the only true sauna experience and that all saunas should have at least a background odor or smoke.
【答案】E
【解析】
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