高考英语作文写作指导—便条
高考英语作文中,便条也是一个常见的题型,便条就像是简化的书信,但和书信也有一些区别,下面就由小编来跟大家分享一下高考英语作文便条的写作指导,希望对大家有所帮助!
【高考英语作文应用文便条写法】
便条
便条多用于较熟的亲友、同事之间,以代替一般的私人书信及公务书信,因此便条除具有书信的一般特征外,还有某些特殊性:
(1)临时性和紧迫性。便条多是临时性的通知、询问,内容大多有较紧迫的时间限制,比如通知当事人立即给某处回电话,通知医生即刻出诊等等。所以,便条大多是匆忙写在纸条上托人转交或留在某处。
(2)非正式性。便条所写的基本都是可以公开的普通事宜,而且内容大都非常简单,几句话就可以说清楚,不必采用非常的书信形式,也不用缄口。
由于便条的以上两个特征,便条在形式上具有以下特点:
(1)简化书信格式。便条既不用信封,不写收信人与发信人地址,也不写结尾问候语。不详细写明年月日,而只写星期,或日月。由于时间大多发生在一两天内,常常要写明上、下午或钟点。日期可写于正文右上角或末尾署名之下,没有很严格的限制。
(2)简化称呼及签署。便条多用于相熟的朋友、同事或家人之间,称呼用语应亲切、随便,不可过于正式。如可用Mary, Dear Johnson等等。署名也可以只写姓或只写名。因为即使公务便条,也多用于同一部门,大家相互熟悉,笔迹也容易认读。
(3)语言通俗而口语化。便条形式随便,语言也应通俗。要尽量避免用大词和过分正式的句子。如尽量用:“Just a line to tell you that…”而不用“This is to inform you that…”,用“put off ”而不用“postpone”。句子的结构尽量简单。
例如:
你到一个叫李英的同学家,通知他一件事,碰巧他不在家,你给他留了张便条,内容如下:
a. 明天的课将推迟到本星期六下午2点,因为明天你要参加劳动—植树,上午7点在校门口集合出发。
b.前天你把雨伞落在他家房子的前门外,请他明天上课时替你带来。
【优秀范文】
Informal Notice
便条
We’re going to a home for the aged to serve the old people. If you would like to go with us, please meet us at the school gate at 7∶30 on Saturday morning. we’ll take bus No.25 to get there directly. First we’ll give them some gifts and the money we collected. Then we’ll clean the yard and rooms and help them do some washing. What’s more, we’ll read newspapers to them or chat with them. Finally, some will perform and we plan to leave before lunch.
a home for the aged 敬老院
meet us at the school gate 在校门口集合
take bus No.25 乘25路车
What’s more 并且,另外
First...;Then...;Finally...
首先……;然后……;最后……。
Asking For Sick Leave
病假条
Dear teacher:
I am very sorry to tell you that I am unable to attend school beause of a bad cold. The doctor looked me over carefully and asked me for a sick leave of three days.
Thank you.
Your student,
Li Lan
be sorry to do sth 很抱歉……
be unable to... 不能做某事
ask...for... 向……要求……
a sick leave of three days 三天病假
Asking For Absent Leave
事假条
Director Lin,
A telegram has just come to hand saying that my mother is seriously ill and urging me to go home at once. Because of this,I should very much like to have a three days’leave beginning on Oct.8th. I hope my request can be permitted.
Liu Ying
telegram 电报
urge sb to do sth 力劝/敦促某人做某事
at once 立刻,马上
because of 因为,由于
英语写作指导:易错的5大语法
1、主谓关系中人称和数量不一致性
汉语的动词不受主语的人称和数的影响,但英语的谓语动词要和主语保持一致,谓语动词要随着主语而变化。而学生主要用汉语思维,因此他们往往没有习惯去考虑主语是第几人称,是单数还是复数。例如:
a. A number of students is going to learn a foreign language.
b. He go to school by bike every day.
分析:
a句中a number of +复数名词做主语时,其谓语动词用复数形式。b中 He是第三人称单数,在一般现在时态中谓语动词go应该加es。
2、时态
高中生在写作中经常在时态方面犯错误。英语时态种类繁多,动词的构成形式随着时态的变化而变化。中文里没有时态区分。动作或动词的时间由跟在动词后的诸如 “着”、“了”、“过”等副词来表示,对高中生来说,掌握英语的时态不是很容易。实际上,学习者在头脑里很清楚语法规则,但经常混淆或忘记改变动词的词形。例如:
a. A baby can cry as soon as it was born.
b. I spend 50 yuan buying the clothes.
c. I will not come here if it will rain tomorrow.
正确的句子:
a. A baby can cry as soon as it is born.
b. I spent 50 yuan buying the clothes.
c. I will not come here if it rains tomorrow.
分析:
第一句是一个常识问题,应该用一般现在时态。第二句“我买这件衣服花了50元”应该是过去时态。第三句主句是一般将来时,从句是一般现在时态。
3、语态错误
动词的被动式在英语中比比皆是,学生由于汉语思维的影响,很少考虑到用被动语态。虽然中文里也有被动式的含义,但与英语里被动式表达方式完全不同。英语里的被动式要求有助动词be和一个变异的过去分词形式,其中这个助动词带有时态和人称数量信息,中文里需要使用诸如“被”、“使”、“让”等词语,不需要有不规则的动词形式。这对中国的学习者来说就有潜在的困难。例如:
a. New bicycles must keep inside.
b. The book has to return at the end of the week.
c. The food has cooked.
d. Knife should take away from babies.
正确的句子:
a. New bicycles must be kept inside.
b. The book has to be returned at the end of the week.
c. The food has been cooked.
d. Knives should be taken away from babies.
很明显,这些句法结构己经被确认为未能正确使用英语中的被动式。学生还会犯一些其它方面的错误,其中之一是,常常把英语里没有被动语态的词(组),如 take place, occur, happen, belong to,appear, break out, rise, die等用作被动语态。
4、固定搭配
错误有介词短语的搭配,固定词组的搭配,更多的是特殊动词的搭配和用法出现错误最多。很多学习者在记单词的时候,不记搭配和真正用法,错误如下:
a. He suggested to go there on his bike.
b. My teacher explained me the text very carefully.
c. My mother made me to choose the one I liked best.
正确的句子:
a. He suggested going there on his bike.
b. My teacher explained to me the text very carefully.
c. My mother made me choose the one I liked best.
据以上的分析,中国学习者的英语应用很大程度上受到其母语的影响,直接翻译,没有记住这些动词的特殊用法。
5、非谓语动词
错误由于学生对非谓语动词的概念不清楚,对不定式、分词、动名词的用法不明白,对句子结构分析不正确,常把非谓语动词误用作谓语动词。学生不知道在英语句子中谓语动词只能有一个,如果有另外一个动词出现,这个动词有三种情况:一是并列谓语,但是这时候必须有连词,如and, but等;二是出现在从句里面;三就是以分词形式出现,现在分词和过去分词,还有不定式。现在分词有主动语态和进行时的含义,而过去区分词有被动语态和完成时的含义,不定式有将来时态的意义。例如:
a. In the museum there are a lot of interesting things look at.
b. I am looking forward to see you.
正确的句子:
a. In the museum there are a lot of interesting things to look at.
b. I am looking forward to seeing you.
分析:
a句中己有谓语动词there are,用来修饰things,此句缺的是后置定语。b句look forward to是一个固定短语,后面要接动名词。c句要用现在分词作定语,跟所修饰的名词之间是主谓关系,表示动作正在进行,因此用“sleeping”,相当于 “the child who is sleeping"。