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高考书面表达审题“三步走”
导语:近几年全国卷书面表达给考生提供了很大的思维空间,让考生围绕主题去组织思想和内容,那么如何审题就显得尤为重要。如果审题不清,就很容易文不对题,即跑题、漏题或偏题。因此,考生在平时训练中要逐渐培养审题和发现关键词的能力。
步骤指导
第一步:定体裁、中心审题准——审题确定方向,行文紧扣主题
根据提示,首先要弄清写何种体裁的文章,是记叙文、说明文、应用文,还是议论文。无论提供材料的方式是文字描述,还是图画或表格,要求文章的主要体裁是唯一的.。近几年全国卷写作考查书信类居多,在确定是应用文的书信类之后,还要审是建议信、请求信、道歉信还是推荐信等,要求写的是说明介绍、解释原因还是计划安排等。
第二步:定要点、人称、时态要点准——要点全而不漏
要点要全:根据要点提示,提取keywords, 拟定topic sentences。定要点时要弄清什么该写,什么不该写;哪些该详写,哪些该略写。
人称要对:审人称,即用什么人称来表达。书信中常常会用到第一、二人称,但在涉及其他人、物介绍说明时,常用第三人称。
时态要准:讲述现在的情况应用一般现在时;涉及计划打算时,常用一般将来时;涉及对以往的叙述时,常用一般过去时。当然情态动词的恰当运用,也会使表达更加准确,语气更加自然。
第三步:定段落结构美——行文条理清晰,力避一段到底,根据写作提示内容与要点,常采用二段式或三段式的段落模式。
实战演练
【典例】(2016全国卷Ⅰ)假定你是李华,暑假想去一家外资公司兼职,已写好申请书和个人简历(resume)。给外教Ms Jenkins 写信,请她帮你修改所附材料的文字和格式(format)。
注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
【审题步骤】
第一步:定体裁、中心
体裁:a letter for help
主题:correct mistakes about the words and format
第二步:定要点、人称、时态
写作要点:Point 1:the purpose of writing the letter
Point 2:to find a part\|time job
Point 3:have finished the application form and personal resume
Point 4:help me correct mistakes about the words and format
人称:第一、二人称
时态:以一般现在时为主,合理运用情态动词
第三步:定段落
Para. 1:写信目的
Para. 2:暑假计划与寻求帮助
Para. 3:表达谢意
【参考范文】
Dear Ms Jenkins,
I want to tell you something about my plan for the coming summer vacation and
Im writing to ask you for some help.
In order to earn some extra money and reduce my familys burden,Id like to
go to an overseas\|funded company to find a part\|time job. Ive finished the application form and personal resume. But Im not sure if they are written well
enough to catch their eye. Please refer to the attachments which include the
application form and resume and correct mistakes about the words and format.
Id appreciate it if you could help me revise them. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【典例】 ( 2015全国卷Ⅱ)假如你是李华,计划和同学去敬老院(nursing home)陪老人们过重阳节(the Double Ninth Festival)。请给外教露西写封邮件,邀她一同前往,内容包括:1.出发及返回时间;2.活动:包饺子、表演节目等。
注意:1.词数100左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.结语已为你写好。
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【审题步骤】
第一步:定体裁、中心
体裁:an email of invitation
主题:a plan to visit the nursing home
第二步:定要点、人称、时态
写作要点:
Point 1:to invite Lucy to join us for a visit to the nearby nursing home
Point 2:to help the elderly there
Point 3:the time to set off — at 9 in the morning; the time to come
back:around 4 oclock in the afternoon
Point 4:activities — making dumplings and cakes, dancing and playing
games
人称:采用第一、二人称
时态:以一般将来时为主
第三步:定段落
Para. 1:介绍重阳节,概述活动计划
Para. 2:具体活动安排
Para. 3:发出邀请及提醒
【参考范文】
Dear Lucy,
The Double Ninth Festival,which is the day set aside for the elderly in our
culture,is drawing near. Our class plan is to visit the nursing home this Sunday
in order to help the elderly there and enrich our after\class life at the same time.
Here are some detailed arrangements during our stay there. Well make
dumplings and cakes with the elderly people. Well also spend some fun time
together singing,dancing and playing games,which will make them happy. We should be back around 4 oclock in the afternoon as planned. Im convinced that the
activity will be enjoyable and meaningful.
If youd like to join us,please let us know and well wait for you at the school gate at 9 in the morning.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
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