英语词汇用法
英语词汇用法1
一、动词pride的搭配用法
在《100篇》p.18上,有以下一句:
He prides himself in the fact that he does not have to workhard to be better than others and gives up learning completely.
笔者认为,原句中“prides himself in”的搭配用法有误。on。例如:
1.She prided herself on her ability to speak eight languages/on knowing eight languages.她对自己会说八种语言感到得意。
2.She had always prided herself on her appearance.她总是对自己的外貌感到得意。
3.He prides himself on remaining calm in an emergency.他在紧急关头十分镇静,为此感到骄傲。
当pride作名词用时,可用于“take (a) pride in sth./doingsth.”的词组中,这时,介词要用in,而不用on。例如:
1.I take(a)pride in my work.我为自己的工作感到骄傲。
2.We take great pride in offering the best service in town.我们以能够提供全城最好的服务而自豪。
从上述实例中,我们可以看出,pride既可作动词用,又可作名词用,但是各自所用的介词是不同的。因此,原句宜改为:He prides himself on the fact that he does not have to work hard tobe better than others and gives up learning completely.也可改为:He takes(a)pride in the fact that he does not have to work hard tobe better than others and gives up learning completely.
二、动词contribute的搭配用法
在《100篇》p.68上,有以下一句:
I believe that the three R principles can contribute a lot toreach the eco-friendly destination.
笔者认为原句中的动词“contribute”用法有误。“contributeto”作“有助于,促成;是……的部分原因”解,其中的to是介词,后面跟sth.或doing sth.,不跟to do sth.。例如:
1.Plenty of fresh air contributes to good health.充足的新鲜空气有益于身体健康。
2.The driver’s carelessness contributed to the accident.司机的粗心大意是造成这场事故的原因之一。
3.Can robots contribute to preventing environmental deterioration?机器人能有助于阻止环境的恶化吗?
4.As is known to us,good learning habits contribute to improving?learning efficiency.众所周知,好的学习习惯有助于提高学习效率。
从上述实例中,我们可以看出,“contribute to”词组中的“to”是介词,不是不定式符号。因此,原句宜改为:I believe thatthe three R principles can contribute a lot to reaching the eco friendly destination.也可改为:I believe that the three R principles can help a lot to reach the eco -friendly destination. (把contribute改为help,其后可跟(to)do sth.)
三、动词see的搭配用法
在《100篇》p.84和p.86上,分别有以下一句:
As far as I see it,the resentment towards the rich results fromthe widening gap between the rich and the poor and also the impression that“rich guys usually get their way”.
As far as I see it,there are two main advantages—environmentally-friendly and healthy.
笔者认为,以上两句中的动词“see”用法有误,“as far as Isee it”不符合英语的表达习惯。在要表达“在我看来,依我看来,依我之见,就我所知”时,英语中,我们既可说“as far as Ican see”,又可说“as I see it”。前者没用it,后者不可缺少it,二者不可混用。例如:
1.That’s the problem as far as I can see.在我看来,那就是问题所在。
2.As far as I can see,at least four different weapons wereused.依我之见,至少使用过四种不同的武器。
3.As I see it,there are two alternatives.We can either staywith your parents or rent a place.在我看来,有两种选择。我们可以跟你父母住也可以租房住。
4.As I see it (=according to my view of the situation),theblame lies with the driver.依我看,这责任在司机。
从以上实例中,不难看出,英语中无“as far as I see it”的搭配用法。因此,原句宜改为:1. As far as I can see,the resentmenttowards the rich results from the widening gap between the richand the poor and also the impression that“rich guys usually gettheir way”.2. As far as I can see,there are two main advantages—environmentally-friendly and healthy.也可改为:1. As I see it,theresentment towards the rich results from the widening gap betweenthe rich and the poor and also the impression that“rich guys usually get their way”. 2.As I see it,there are two main advantages—environmentally-friendly and healthy.
四、动词justify的搭配用法
在《100篇》p.169上,有以下一句:
In conclusion,universities are justified to bond with enterprises and accept their financial support.
笔者认为,原句中的动词“justify”用法有误。根据英语的表达习惯,“be justified”后一般不跟“to do sth.”,而要用“in doing sth.”或“in sth.”, “be justified in doing sth./sth.”是固定搭配用法。例如:
1.She felt fully justified in asking for a refund.她觉得有充足的理由要求退款。
2.I think I’m completely justified in asking for her resignation.我认为,我要求她辞职是完全合理的。
3.Is he justified in his criticisms?他的批评有道理吗?
4.Charwell had been perfectly justified in his action.查威尔的行为已证明是完全正当的。
从上述实例中,我们可以看出,“be justified”后不可跟“to dosth.”。因此,原句宜改为:In conclusion,universities are justifiedin bonding with enterprises and accepting their financial support.
五、动词result的搭配用法
在《100篇》p.212上,有以下一句:
In my opinion,the upsurge is resulted from two-fold factors.
笔者认为,原句中的动词“result”用法有误。根据英语的表达习惯,“result from”和“result in”都用主动式,不可用被动式。例如:
1.The damage resulted from the fire.这损失由火灾所致。
2.His lameness resulted from an accident.一次事故造成了他的.跛足。
3.Sickness often results from eating too much.过量进食常会导致疾病。
4.The game resulted in a win for our side.比赛结果为我方获胜。
从上述实例中,我们可以看出,动词词组“result from”不可用于被动式。因此,原句宜改为:In my opinion,the upsurge results from two-fold factors.也可改为:In my opinion,two-fold factors result in the upsurge.
六、动词reward的搭配用法
在《六级》20xx年12月大学英语六级考试真题(第三套)作文高分范文中,有以下一句:
During his lifetime which symbolizes the triumph of the human spirit,Nelson Mandela was rewarded the 1993 Nobel PeacePrize.
笔者认为,原句中的动词“reward”用法有误。在英语中,动词“reward”和“award”在用法上是有区分的。
动词“reward”作“报答;奖励”解,常用于“reward sb.for(doing)sth.”和“reward sb.with sth.”的句型中,前者“with”后跟的名称是具体名称,表示所奖励的物品等,后者“for”所跟的成分表示奖励的原因。有时,二者可合用,即“reward sb.with…for(doing)sth.”。例如:
1.She started singing to the baby and was rewarded with asmile.她开始给孩子唱歌,孩子则报以微笑。
2.They rewarded him (for his great help)with a gift of money.他们奖给他一笔钱(以酬谢他鼎力帮助。
3.They rewarded the boy with ￡5 for bringing back the lostdog.他们因男孩带回那条走失的狗奖给他5英镑。
动词“award”作“授予;给予”解,可用在“award sb.sth.”和“award sth.to sb.”的句型中,其中的名称为奖品或荣誉称号等。例如:
1.They awarded him a medal.他们授予他一枚奖章。
2.I was awarded the Nobel Prize.我获得了诺贝尔奖。
3.The prize was awarded to me for excellence in French.我因法语成绩优异而获奖。
4.The degree of B.A.was awarded to him.他被授予文学学士学位。
从上述实例中,我们可以看出,动词“reward”和“award”的不同用法。因此,原句宜改为:During his lifetime which symbolizes the triumph of the human spirit,Nelson Mandela was awardedthe 1993 Nobel Peace Prize.
七、动词arouse的搭配用法
在《新题型预测》“Should Rewards for Doing A Good Deedbe Promoted?”的作文范文里,有以下一句:
However,in recent years there has aroused a heated debatedas to whether people should be rewarded for doing a good deed.
笔者认为,原句中动词“arouse”用法有误。在由“There”开头的句子中,其后的动词不能用及物动词,往往用不及物动词,如come,remain,lie,stand,arise及exist,等等。主语退居后面,目的是突出主语的意义分量。例如:
1.There comes a point where you give up.现在该你认输了。
2.There remains the problem of finance.财政问题仍然存在。
3.There lies a large field of rice in front of our village.在我们的村庄前面有一大片稻田。
4.There stands a high monument in the middle of the square.广场中央矗立着一座高大的纪念碑。
5.There arises a certain insincerity in our philosophic discussions.在我们哲学的讨论里发生了一种不诚实的情况。
6.There always exists a force of attraction between two bodies.两个物体之间永远存在着吸引力。
从上述实例中,我们可以看出,动词“arouse”是及物动词,作“激起;引起”解,不能用于“There+动词(不及物动词)+主语(名称主语)”的句型中。
因此,原句宜改为:However,in recent years there has arisena heated debate as to whether people should be rewarded for doinga good deed.动词arise作“发生;产生;出现”解,是不及物动词,可用于上述特定句型中。
英语词汇用法2
高考英语词汇详解：around与round的用法
around 与 round 的用法
1. 无论用作介词还是副词，around在很多情况下可与round换用：
表示“在…周围”、“环绕”等，两者常可互换：
They sataround [round] the fire. 他们围坐在火的四周。
The moon turnsaround [round] the earth. 月球绕着地球转。
He turned around[round]. 他转过身去。
按传统语法：around 表示静态，round 表示动态。但事实上，在英国英语中，不管是动态还是静态，多用 round;而在美国英语中，不管是动态还是静态，多用 around。所以在正非正式文体中，两者常可换用。
表示“到处”，两者常可互换：
Would you like to walkaround [round] the factory this afternoon? 今天下午到工厂的各处走走好吗?
Can I look around [round]? 我可以到处看看吗 ?
表示“大约” ，两者常可换用：
It costs around [round] 10 dollars. 大约要花10美元。
They arrived around [round] 5 o’clock. 他们是大约5 点钟到的。
I’ll be back around [round] lunch time. 我午饭前后回来。
表示把某物分给一群人中的'每一个，两者常可换用：
Will youhand around [round] the papers? 请你把考卷分发一下。
Therearen’t enough apples to go around [round]. 苹果分不过来。
2. around 通常只用作介词或副词，round 可用作介词、副词、名词、形容词等，所以用作名词和形容词的 round 显然不能用 around代之。
英语词汇用法3
在连续几年增加新词汇的基础上（2003年增加65个，2014年增加80个，2014年增加58个），2014年北京市高考继续增加新词汇91个，使得北京市高考考试说明的词汇总量升高至2688个（包括2282个单词和42014个习惯用语和固定搭配）。为什么要持续增加词汇“不断加大学生负担”呢？临近高考我们应该怎么面对它们？笔者就此发表一下个人的看法：
1．《新课程标准》要求高中学生词汇量达到3500左右（根据笔者统计比较准确的数字是3434个单词以及265个单独列出的国家名称及相关信息和数字、星期、月份等----这就总共达到3699个单词，还不包括词组和短语）。《新课程标准》是国家纲领性文件，理应成为全国以及各独立命题的省、市高考词汇量的目标标准，天津、广东、湖北等地也在不断扩大词汇量，甚至今年有些省市比如湖南就直接明确提出词汇范围参照《新课程标准》。据此笔者大胆推断今后几年北京市高考词汇还将要继续增加，但范围还是跟这几年一样基本不会超出课标，因为近年增加的词汇中只有去年的一个单词original是课标外的新词, 但其源词即其名词形式origin也是包括在课标内的。
2．这次增加的91个单词有很多是英语学习和实际生活中经常见到和用到的基础词，在现行的主流教材课本中都属于比较高频的词汇。其实象人教版和外研版等高中课本都很注意词汇扩展以符合课标要求。今年增加的新词比如access，anyway，battery，cheat，culture，honey，horrible, movie, observe等等都应该是大家耳熟能详的，只要平时基本功比较扎实的同学就不必将他们看成负担为此徒生烦恼。
3．在高考前有限的时间内复习单词，笔者认为最重要的还是注意单词的.意义和用法，重视功能性和生成性，特别要重视动词的运用，因此把它们放在句子中学习是比较有效的。至于每个单词要掌握到什么程度，比如要学会该词的几种词性和义项，笔者还是提倡以课标为准，下面就依此将所有91个新词整理出来，希望对大家复习有所帮助。
4．笔者在阅读研究近几年北京市高考说明时发现词汇表中竟然一直没有“I”这个基本的词汇，为什么北京英语高考要这样“忘我”呢？不知是排版错误还是其他什么原因，也许可以解释为以字母排序的形式出现了。笔者曾经试图电话联系北京市考试院可惜一直没能成功。在此提醒广大考生同学们注意。