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高中常考词汇及解析
词汇是学习英语的基础,为了帮大家加深印象,小编整理了高中一些常见的英语词汇的解析,希望能帮到大家!
agree that作“认为……”解,其后跟宾语从句。例如:
I agree that your composition is very good. 我认为你的这篇作文写得不错。
allow;let 二者均可作“允许”解,但各有侧重: allow重在“允许”或“容许”,也可表示客气的请求。例如: He allowed me to take his dictionary.他允许我拿走他的词典。 Will you allow me to use your bike? 我可以用你的自行车吗? let作“允许”或“让”解,主要用于口语,一般可与allow互换。作“允许”解时,常暗含“听任”、“默许”之意;作“让”解时,常含“祈使”或“建 议”之意。注意:let之后作宾补的不定式不带to,且不可用于被动语态,而allow则相反。例如: Please let me walk with you(=Please allow me to walk with you.).我(请允许我)跟你一起走。注:allow常用于allow sb.to do sth.或allow doing sth.结构中。
although; though; as
三者均可表示“尽管;虽然”,引导让步状语从句。although用法较正式,语气较强;though较常用;as则主要用于倒装句。它们的用法有如下几点值得注意:
状语从句由although, though或as引导,主句之前不可有but, and, so, however等并列连词,但可有yet或still等副词。although与though常可互换。例如:
Although/Though he believes it, yet he will not act. 他虽然相信它,但却不肯有所行动。
as表示“尽管;虽然”,只能用于倒装句,即:将表语、状语或谓语动词放在as之前。though也可这么用。例如:
Young as/though he is, he knows a lot. 他虽然年纪不大,却懂得很多。
注意:如果表语是单数名词,要省略a。例如:
Child as/though he is, he can speak two foreign languages. 虽然他是个孩子,但他会说两门外语。
though可以放在句末,表示“但是”,although却不能。例如:
They said they would come; they did not, though. 他们说他们会来,可是他们并没有来。
although只用来陈述“事实”,不能表示“假设”。因此可以说even though“即使”以及as though“好像(=as if)”,不能说even although或as although。例如:
I believe you are on duty—even though you’re in plain clothes. 尽管你穿着便衣,我相信你是在值勤。
among/between
这两个介词都有“在……之间”的意思。between常用于两者之间;among一般指三者或三者以上之间。若指三个以上人或物中的每两个之间时,仍然要用between。
例如:The girl walked between her father and mother.这个女孩走在她父亲和母亲之间。
She is the tallest among her classmates.她在她同学之间是最高的。
Switzerland lies between France,Italy,Austria and Germany.
瑞士位于法国、意大利、奥地利和德国之间。
argue debate dispute 都含“辩论”的意思。 argue 着重“说理”、“论证”和“企图说服”, 如:
I argued with her for a long time, but she refused to listen to reason.
我和她辩论了好久, 但她还是不听。
debate 着重“双方各述己见”, 内含“交锋”的意思, 如:
We have been debating about the issue. 我们一直在就这个问题进行辩论。
dispute 指“激烈争辩”, 含有“相持不下”或“未得解决”之意,如:
Whether he will be elected as chairman is still disputed.他是否当选为主席, 仍然有争论。
argue;quarrel;discuss 这三个动词均有“争”的意思,但“争”法不同。
argue着重就自己的看法或观点,提出论证,同他人“争论”或“辩论”。例如:
We heard them arguing in the other room.我们听见他们在另一个房间里争论。
另外,argue同with搭配,其后接人;与about连用,其后接事物。例如:
We argued with them about this problem for a long time.这个问题我们同他们辩论了很长时间。
quarrel是指对某事不喜欢或强烈不满而发生的“争吵”或“吵架”。同with搭配,其后接某人;和about连用,其后接某事。例如:
He often quarrels about their housework with his wife.他常为家务事同妻子争吵。
discuss是指认真交换自己的意见或看法的“讨论”。例如:
We'll discuss the use of the articles tomorrow.明天我们将讨论冠词的用法。
as (so) far as; as (so) long as
as(so)far as的意思是“就……而言(所知)”,as (so) far as sth.is concerned是其中一种具体用法,意为“就某事而言”;as (so) long as意为“只要”,引导条件状语从句。如:
As far as I know, more than million laid-off workers have found their new jobs.
就我所知,一千多万下岗工人已经找到了新的工作。
There is nothing that we can’t do so / as long as we keep on trying to do it.
只要我们不断地努力去做,就没有什么事干不成。
As far as the tourism of China is concerned, there is a long way to go.
就中国的旅游业而言,需要做的工作还很多。
asleep/sleeping 二者都是形容词。asleep仅用作表语,不能作定语,表示“睡着,熟睡”的意思;而sleeping一般只能用作定语,放在名词前,表示“睡眠中的,休止的”意思。
如:我们不能说:an asleep baby,但可以说:a sleeping baby(一个熟睡的婴儿)。
再如:He was asleep with his head on his arms.他头枕着手臂在熟睡。
asleeping dog正在熟睡的狗 sleeping car卧车 sleeping bag睡袋
assert,affirm,maintain assert宣称、断言,常指某人主观自信,坚持己见,有时不顾客观事实而断言下结论。 affirm指以事实为依据,深信不疑地肯定某种观点或看法。 maintain指在相反的证据或论点面前,重申原来的某种观点、立场。
A.Despite all the policeman’s questions the suspect ___ that he had been at home all evening.
B.It is nonsense to ___ that smoking does not damage people’s health.
C.Throughout his prison sentence Dunn has always ___ his innocence.
Answers:A. affirmed B. assert C. maintained
as though;even though;though as though(=as if),意为“好像;似乎”,引导方式状语从句或表语从句。如:
He spoke as though(as if)he had been here before.他说话的口气好像他以前来过这里。
It looks as if(as though)it is going to rain.看起来好像要下雨。
even though(=even if),意为“即使”,引导让步状语从句。though也引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然”;even though有退一步设想的意味,与though不同。though引导的句子所说的是事实,even though引导的句子所说的则不一定是事实。例如:
He will not tell the secret even though(even if)he knows it.即使他知道这个秘密,他也不肯说出来。
He will not tell the secret though he knows it.他虽然知道这个秘密,但他不会说出来。
at the beginning;in the beginning at the beginning 在……初;在……开始的时候。常与of连用。例如: Students usually have a study plan at the beginning of term. 学生们在开学初制定学习计划。 in the beginning 相当于at first,表示“起初、开始”时,含“起初是这种情况,而后来却不是这种情况”之意,不与of连用。例如: In the beginning,some of us took no interest in physics. 起初我们有些人对物理不感兴趣
about; around; round 作副词时都含“四处”、“遍地”的意思。 about 系常用词, 如:
look about四处看。
around 具有 about 的基本意思, 因此 look about=look around, 但在下列短语里 around没有 about正式, 如:
travel around 各处旅行
round 和 around在非正式用法中可以互换, 但一般用 round时更简练。在正式用语中, 一般用 round指“旋转”, 而用 around指“处处”, “到处”, 如:
She turned round at such a noise. 听到这样的吵声, 她回头看。
I have been looking for it all around. 我到处都找过了。
另外, 英国人用 round的地方, 美国人倾向于用 around, 如:
[英] Winter comes round.
[美] Winter comes around.
above all;after all;at all
above all意为“尤其是”、“首先”、“最重要的是”,常位于句首或句中,作插入语,起强调作用。如:
But above all tell me quickly what I have to do.可首先快些告诉我该做什么。
A clock must above all keeps good time.时钟最重要的是必须走得准。
after all意为“毕竟”、“终究”、“终归”、“到底”,在句中位置较灵活。可位于句首、句中或句末。如:
After all,your birthday is only two weeks away.毕竟,两周后就是你的生日。
He is,after all,a small child.他毕竟还是个小孩子。
He failed after all.他终于失败了。
at all用于否定句时,意为“丝毫;根本”,用于疑问句时意为“究竟;到底”,用于条件句时,常译为“当真;实在”。用于肯定句中,表示说话人的某种情绪或情感(如怀疑或惊奇等),意为“竟然”等。如:
He doesn’t like you at all.他根本不喜欢你。
Are you going to do it at all?你究竟做不做这件事?
If you do it at all,do it well.若你真要做这件事,就得做好。
I was surprised at his coming at all.他竟然来了,我很惊讶。
add; add to; add…to; add up to
add作“加,增加”解时,既可作及物动词,又可用作不及物动词;作“又说,补充说”解时,与直接或间接引语连用。如:
If the tea is too strong, add some more hot water. 如果茶太浓了,再加点开水。
After a short while, he added that he would try his best. 过了一会儿,他又接着说他会尽力。
add to意为“增添,增加,增进”。如:
The bad weather added to our difficulties. 恶劣的天气增加了我们的困难。
add...to意为“把……加到……”,是把前一项加到后一项之后或之中。如:
Add two to seven, and you will get nine.七加二等于九。
add up to意为“加起来总共是/累计得”,该短语不用于被动语态。如:
All his school education added up to no more than one year. 他的学校教育加起来不过一年。
affair; thing; matter; business
affair意为“事情、事件”, 含义较广,泛指已做或待做的事;复数affairs一般指商业事务及政府的日常事务,如财政管理、外交事务等。
thing意为“事情、事物”,不管大事小事、好事坏事均称为thing,一般不能专指事务;复数things还可作“形势”解。
matter侧重指须留心的要事或问题、难题。
business作“事务、事情”解时,一般不能用复数,常常指所指派的任务、责任;有时说的是指派的工作或商业上的买卖活动。
a great deal; a great deal of
a great deal用作名词,意为“大量”,“许多”,作主语、宾语;用作副词,意为“很”或“非常”,作状语,修饰动词或用来强调比较级。如:
A great deal has been studied and this is the best way. 经过大量研究后,这(被认为)是最好的办法。
We are a great deal cleverer than before. 我们比以前聪明多了。
a great deal of意为“大量的”,“非常多的”,相当于much,作定语,后接不可数名词。如:
A great deal of time/money/energy has been spent on the project.
大量的时间/金钱/能源花在那个工程上了。
agree on;agree to;agree with;agree that
agree on作“就……取得一致意见”解。例如:
The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.
上月,就建一座新汽车厂之事达成了协议。
agree to有两层含义和用法:
其一是to作为动词不定式符号,其后跟动词原形,作“同意(答应)做某事”解。
例如: My father agreed to buy a new pen for me. 父亲答应给我买支新钢笔。
其二是to作为介词,之后跟表示“计划/条件/建议等一类的名词或代词”。例如:
They have a greed to our plan. 他们已同意我们的计划。
agree with作“同意某人的意见”解,其后可跟表示人的名词或代词,也可跟表示“意见”或“说的话”的名词或从句。例如:
He agreed with my opinions. 他同意了我的意见。
We agreed with what he said at the meeting. 我们同意他在会上讲的话。
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