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EIGRP路由协议的配置实例

时间:2024-09-09 09:06:20 网络技术 我要投稿
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EIGRP路由协议的配置实例

  我们在接口配置过程中,帧中继的DLCI号和IP映射时也没有配置broadcast 参数,这类问题该如何解决?下面小编给你带来的内容回答以上疑问。

EIGRP路由协议的配置实例

  EIGRP路由协议的配置拓扑图

  R1(config)#router eigrp 100

  R1(config-router)#no auto-summary //关闭自动汇总

  R1(config-router)#net 192.168.1.0 //宣告路由条目

  R1(config-router)#end

  R2(config)#router eigrp 100

  R2(config-router)#no auto-summary

  R2(config-router)#net 192.168.1.0

  R2(config-router)#net 10.1.0.0 0.0.255.255 //宣告路由条目

  R2(config-router)#end

  R3(config)#router eigrp 100

  R3(config-router)#no auto-summary

  R3(config-router)#net 192.168.1.0

  R3(config-router)#net 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

  R3(config-router)#end

  检查:

  R1#show ip eigrp neighbors //查看eigrp 邻居表,发现并没有邻居

  IP-EIGRP neighbors for process 100

  R1#show ip eigrp topology //查看EIGRP 拓扑表,并没有学习到任何的路由

  IP-EIGRP Topology Table for AS(100)/ID(192.168.1.1)

  Codes: P – Passive, A – Active, U – Update, Q – Query, R – Reply,

  r – reply Status, s – sia Status

  P 192.168.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2169856

  via Connected, Serial0/0

  因为帧中继默认为NBMA 模式,也就是非广播的多路访问模式,它会阻止广播数据和组播数据,我们在接口配置过程中,帧中继的DLCI 号和IP 映射时也没有配置broadcast 参数,而EIGRP 路由协议通过组播地址224.0.0.10 来发送相应的路由信息(比如hello、update 等数据包),所以R1 并没有发现任何的邻居路由器。

  为了能让EIGRP的路由信息通过帧中继传播,在没有配置broadcast 参数的情况下,我们可以通过单播的形式来发送EIGRP 数据包,我们对以上的配置进行改进:

  R1(config)#router eigrp 100

  R1(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.1.2 serial 0/0 //手工指定邻居,实现单播方式

  R1(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.1.3 serial 0/0

  R1(config-router)#end

  R2(config)#router eigrp 100

  R2(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.1.1 serial 0/0 //手工指定邻居,实现单播方式

  R2(config-router)#end

  R3(config)#router eigrp 100

  R3(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.1.1 serial 0/0 //手工指定邻居,实现单播方式

  R3(config-router)#end

  验证:

  *Mar 1 00:29:18.955: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 100: Neighbor 192.168.1.2 (Serial0/0) is up: new adjacency

  *Mar 1 00:29:19.115: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 100: Neighbor 192.168.1.3 (Serial0/0) is up: new adjacency

  R1#show ip eigrp neighbors

  IP-EIGRP neighbors for process 100

  H Address Interface Hold Uptime SRTT RTO Q Seq

  (sec) (ms) Cnt Num

  1 192.168.1.3 Se0/0 156 00:01:19 99 594 0 3

  0 192.168.1.2 Se0/0 154 00:01:19 137 822 0 3

  R2#

  *Mar 1 00:29:18.979: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 100: Neighbor 192.168.1.1 (Serial0/0) is up: new adjacency

  R2#

  R2#show ip eigrp neighbor

  IP-EIGRP neighbors for process 100

  H Address Interface Hold Uptime SRTT RTO Q Seq

  (sec) (ms) Cnt Num

  0 192.168.1.1 Se0/0 138 00:02:31 171 1026 0 7

  R1#show ip route eigrp 100 //查看路由表,可以看到R1 能够学习到R2 和R3 相应的网络

  172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets

  D 172.16.0.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.1.3, 00:03:45, Serial0/0

  D 172.16.1.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.1.3, 00:03:45, Serial0/0

  D 172.16.2.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.1.3, 00:03:45, Serial0/0

  D 172.16.3.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.1.3, 00:03:45, Serial0/0

  10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets

  D 10.1.3.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.1.2, 00:03:45, Serial0/0

  D 10.1.2.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.1.2, 00:03:45, Serial0/0

  D 10.1.1.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.1.2, 00:03:45, Serial0/0

  D 10.1.0.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.1.2, 00:03:45, Serial0/0

  R1#ping 10.1.0.1 //验证是否可以访问R2 的网络

  Type escape sequence to abort.

  Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.0.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

  !!!!!

  Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 20/56/104 ms

  R1#ping 172.16.0.1 //验证是否可以访问R3 的网络

  Type escape sequence to abort.

  Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.0.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

  !!!!!

  Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 8/52/124 ms

  查看R2 的路由表:

  R2#show ip route

  Codes: C – connected, S – static, R – RIP, M – mobile, B – BGP

  D – EIGRP, EX – EIGRP external, O – OSPF, IA – OSPF inter area

  N1 – OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 – OSPF NSSA external type 2

  E1 – OSPF external type 1, E2 – OSPF external type 2

  i – IS-IS, su – IS-IS summary, L1 – IS-IS level-1, L2 – IS-IS level-2

  ia – IS-IS inter area, * – candidate default, U – per-user static route

  o – ODR, P – periodic downloaded static route

  Gateway of last resort is not set

  10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets

  C 10.1.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback3

  C 10.1.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback2

  C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

  C 10.1.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

  C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0

  发现R2 并没有学习到R3 的172.16.0.0 网络, R1 通过S0/0 接口学习到R3 宣告的172.16.0.0网络,因为R1 s0/0 接口的水平分割机制导致R1 不会再由这个接口S0/0 发布出去,所以R2无法学习到R3 宣告的网络,同理,R3 也无法学习到R2 宣告的网络。

  对帧中继配置进行修正,使用broadcast 参数:

  R1(config)#router eigrp 100

  R1(config-router)#no neighbor 192.168.1.2 s0/0 //取消手工指定邻居

  *Mar 1 00:42:29.807: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 100: Neighbor 192.168.1.2 (Serial0/0) is down:

  R1(config-router)#no neighbor 192.168.1.3 s0/0

  *Mar 1 00:42:32.623: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 100: Neighbor 192.168.1.3 (Serial0/0) is down:

  R1(config-router)#exit

  R1(config)#int s0/0

  R1(config-if)#no fram map ip 192.168.1.2 102 //取消之前不带broadcast 参数的静态映射

  R1(config-if)#no fram map ip 192.168.1.3 103

  R1(config-if)#frame map ip 192.168.1.2 102 broadcast

  R1(config-if)#frame map ip 192.168.1.3 103 broadcast

  R1(config-if)#end

  R2(config)#router eigrp 100

  R2(config-router)#no neighbor 192.168.1.1 Serial0/0

  R2(config-router)#int s0/0

  R2(config-if)#no frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.1 201

  R2(config-if)# frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.1 201 broadcast

  R3(config)#router eigrp 100

  R3(config-router)#no neighbor 192.168.1.1 Serial0/0

  R3(config-router)#int s0/0

  R3(config-if)#no

  *Mar 1 00:47:58.943: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 100: Neighbor 192.168.1.1 (Serial0/0) is up: new adjacency

  R3(config-if)#no frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.1 301

  R3(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.1 301 broadcast

  R3(config-if)#end

  验证结果:

  可以看到添加了broadcast 后,帧中继可以正常的传递组播数据了,R1 就可以和R2 和R3 建立邻居关系并正常学习到路由。

  R1#show ip eigrp neighbors

  IP-EIGRP neighbors for process 100

  H Address Interface Hold Uptime SRTT RTO Q Seq

  (sec) (ms) Cnt Num

  1 192.168.1.3 Se0/0 178 00:00:03 906 5000 0 7

  0 192.168.1.2 Se0/0 178 00:01:57 1040 5000 0 6

  R1#show ip route eigrp 100

  172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets

  D 172.16.0.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.1.3, 00:00:53, Serial0/0

  D 172.16.1.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.1.3, 00:00:53, Serial0/0

  D 172.16.2.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.1.3, 00:00:53, Serial0/0

  D 172.16.3.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.1.3, 00:00:53, Serial0/0

  10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets

  D 10.1.3.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.1.2, 00:02:46, Serial0/0

  D 10.1.2.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.1.2, 00:02:46, Serial0/0

  D 10.1.1.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.1.2, 00:02:46, Serial0/0

  D 10.1.0.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.1.2, 00:02:46, Serial0/0

  查看R3 的路由表,发现R3 并没有学习到R2 的网络,这是因为R1 默认情况下接口有水平。

  R3#show ip route

  Codes: C – connected, S – static, R – RIP, M – mobile, B – BGP

  D – EIGRP, EX – EIGRP external, O – OSPF, IA – OSPF inter area

  N1 – OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 – OSPF NSSA external type 2

  E1 – OSPF external type 1, E2 – OSPF external type 2

  i – IS-IS, su – IS-IS summary, L1 – IS-IS level-1, L2 – IS-IS level-2

  ia – IS-IS inter area, * – candidate default, U – per-user static route

  o – ODR, P – periodic downloaded static route

  Gateway of last resort is not set

  172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets

  C 172.16.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

  C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

  C 172.16.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback2

  C 172.16.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback3

  C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0

  将R1 接口的水平分割关闭:

  R1(config)#interface serial 0/0

  R1(config-if)#no ip split-horizon eigrp 100

  R1(config-if)#end

  当R1 的水平分割关闭后,EIGRP 进程会出现相应提示:

  *Mar 1 00:52:25.055: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 100: Neighbor 192.168.1.3 (Serial0/0) is resync: split horizon changed

  *Mar 1 00:52:25.055: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 100: Neighbor 192.168.1.2 (Serial0/0) is resync: split horizon changed

  查看R1 接口S0/0 的情况:

  R1#show ip int s0/0 | include Split

  Split horizon is disabled

  查看R2 的路由表:

  R2#show ip route eigrp 100

  172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets

  D 172.16.0.0 [90/2809856] via 192.168.1.1, 00:08:03, Serial0/0

  D 172.16.1.0 [90/2809856] via 192.168.1.1, 00:08:03, Serial0/0

  D 172.16.2.0 [90/2809856] via 192.168.1.1, 00:08:03, Serial0/0

  D 172.16.3.0 [90/2809856] via 192.168.1.1, 00:08:03, Serial0/0

  虽然R2 路由表中有172.16.2.0/24 网络,但R2 并没有ping 通,这是什么原因?

  因为R3 的串行口帧中继配置时,只做了IP 192.168.1.1 和DLCI 号的对应,没有做IP 192。168.1.2 和DLCI 号的映射,所以R2 ping 172.16.2.1 时,采用的源地址为192.168.1.2,通过路由表发现目的地址172.16.2.1 具有符合的条目,转发接口为192.168.1.1,于是由R1 转发到R3,R3 在回包过程时,源地址为172.16.2.1,而目标地址为192.168.1.2,但它不知道这个地址怎么转发于是就丢弃。

  R3(config)#int s0/0

  R3(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.2 301 broadcast

  R2(config-if)#end

  R2(config)#int s0/0

  R2(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.3 201 broadcast

  R2(config-if)#end

  验证结果:

  R2#ping 172.16.1.1

  Type escape sequence to abort.

  Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

  !!!!!

  Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 44/88/160 ms


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