英语阅读

英语阅读理解与完形的资料和必看技巧

时间:2024-06-19 15:58:03 英语阅读 我要投稿
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英语阅读理解与完形的资料和必看技巧

英语阅读理解与完形的资料和必看技巧1

  完形的命题有个很明显的变化趋势——淡化语法,着重篇章语境的理解和上下文逻辑的推理。

英语阅读理解与完形的资料和必看技巧

  一,单纯考察语法的题目只有两道且难度较低:45题,All ___ them the rain was pouring down… 表达“人置身于大雨中”用介词around;48题,… he found ___ at the ranch gate. Raul发现自己已回到家门口,用反身代词himself。

  二,换句话说,剩下大部分题目都要求对篇章语境的理解。在这里,我把这类“语境题”分为三个层次:

  1,上下文直接提示,这是最简单的。

  例如42题,There stood a tall, white ___. An old man stared down at him from its back. 这里说明这个“又白又高”的是老人的坐骑,那么到底是骑的什么呢?后面的Raul followed on his horse彻底给出了答案。

  2,上下文给出暗示,须要我们抓住线索再稍作推理。

  还是以42题这两句为例,老人是骑在tall马上面的,盯着Raul看也是stare down的,Raul又是个小孩儿,推出:他看老人应该是昂着头的了。所以41题,He ___. 选A, looked up。

  3,完全地语境考察。就是说,单看文章某一处无法得出结论,要结合多句话甚至全篇才能确定某事物的印象、性质、情感色彩等,这是“语境题”最难的一种。

  纵观全文,尽管老头的出场很生猛,但随着情节的发展,我们发现他并没做什么邪恶可怕的事情,不仅把Raul送回了家,还在临别时微笑着挥手致意,这些点滴帮助我们拼凑出一个和蔼可亲的老人形象,给人以好的正向的感觉。那么43题,the old man answered ___. 老人是以怎样的态度回答Raul的呢?B, C选项的angrily和coldly(冷淡地)两个负向的不好的副词,明显与老人的形象冲突,排除。A选项的'lazily更是没有任何根据,排除。而老人家说话做事都慢一点倒是讲得通,故选择D选项的slowly。

  三,完形还有一大类的题型就是词义辨析。这类题的特点是:

  1,四个选项填在原文空处,语法上都合情合理,只有根据语境来取舍。

  例如51题,Raul’s father ran out across the yard to ___ him. “we have been worried about you. Are you okay? … ”这道题错误率极高,许多同学都被父亲“are you okay?”这一问误导,选了D选项的ask。其实大家静下来仔细一想,都不难能体会:平常亲朋好友相聚重逢,总免不了嘘寒问暖,但整个过程根本的核心是“逢(meet)”这个本质目的,而不是“问(ask)”这个表面形式。外面天气恶劣,儿子没按时回家,做父亲的心急如焚,突然看见孩子出现在大门口,赶紧冲出去,一路小跑,穿过整个院子,这一系列动作的最终目的仅仅是为了问上这么一句吗?不是。而是为了和儿子见面重逢啊!(大家也可以试想如果父亲是个哑巴,他这时就不冲出去了吗?:)所以选择B选项的meet。

  2,在正确理解上下文后,还剩下不止一个词貌似符合此处语境,要求我们能品味出词与词之间的细微差别,选出的一个。

  这类题型难度较高,原因一:完全依靠自身的英文素养(内功),临场做题时,知道就是知道,不知道就是不知道,无太多技巧可言。原因二:多年学习过程中,中学教材单词表和电子词典的简单中文释义,让同学们“知道”了许多单词,“吃透”的却很少。一个“打击、打中”可以想到defeat, catch, damage, strike… 一串单词,确不知道其中区别。这次的55题,考察的就是Gray老头曾被雷劈过,这个“劈”用哪个动词最合适。

  A, defeated这个“打”主要的意思是“击败”,潜台词有过一场较量,而人是不可能跟雷电交上手的。B, caught (catch)有“抓住、击中”的意思,细细体会,它有“经过追逐,终于catch”的意味。选catch就成了:雷一直追着老头劈,直至劈中,这个闪电也太执著了吧?!C, damaged的意思偏向于“损害”,尤其是对物和财产造成的损失,不合适。D, struck (strike)的意思是“打击”,有非常迅速的意味,刚好与闪电的特点相符,故选D

英语阅读理解与完形的资料和必看技巧2

  高考专家建议:首先要以很快的速度浏览全文,掌握文章的主旨,不要急于看选项。解答完型必须从全文角度出发,然后才是分散到单个句子,完型比较忌讳直接上手就做,没有通览全文,大致明白文章描述什么。当然,个别基础过硬的学生除外。

  特训:寻找解题暗示关键点

  1.浏览全文时要重点了解文中所叙述关键点(解题关键:题目暗示点):人物、时间、地点、事件,即who,when,where,what。完形填空命题的原则一般是第一句话不挖空,目的是使读者进入语境,因此一定要认真阅读这句话。

  例如:Why is a space left between the rails of a railway line where one piece joins the next?

  这句话的关键点是Why、where、between。

  记住要点1:指代必有暗示、转折或关联必有暗示、介词必有暗示(多考察词组)

  2.根据故事情节的发展选词,确定所填的词与文中哪个词有关系以及动作是在什么场合发生的。

  记住要点2:关注动词(看对象场合和介词),尤其是选项是动词的情况下,关注对象。

  3.词义辨析时,我们根据词性来决定选项。英语是句子决定单词,不是单词决定句子。

  记住要点3:词义辨析,主语或对象是暗示关键点。如果四个选项中,3个有共同点(词性),可以一起大胆排除。

  4.平时练习时,将所选定的词放到文章中复读检查,考试时因为时间关系可以自己选择做不做这项工作。(“字面译、通逻辑、搞代入、全文译”)。

  记住要点4:纯粹为了训练找解题关键,看看自己所参照的原文或暗示词是否定位准确,上下文是否连贯。

  题目暗示点总结:指代词、关联词、主语、介词、动词、转折、时间、地点、对象(宾语)

  案例说明:

  1)Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is very?very_____.

  A. deep B. high C. cold D. dangerous

  转折必有暗示,根据but的提示,所填入的词应与shallow相反,因此答案为A。

  2)Mrs O’Neill asked_____questions?and she didn’t scold us either.

  A. no B. certain C. many D. more

  关联必有暗示,根据and的提示,又发现后面either的暗示,我们可以明确所填的词也应是一个否定意义的`词,因此答案是A。

  3)Here’s a fellow who just walked into a bank and helped himself_____so much money.

  A. for B. by C. to D. of

  本题考查词组,选项是介词,我们参考动词helped himself,一一搭配,只有C表示“自取、拿”,故选C。

  4)Soon I heard a_____like that of a door burst in?and then a climb of feet.

  A. sound B. cry C. voice D. shout

  词义辨析题,题目中“I”不是主语、“a door burst”才是真正的主语。选项中的四个词都表示不同的声音,但B,C,D项的三个词都是指从嗓子里发出的声音,而sound则表示各种各样的声音。因此答案是A。

  5)And video cameras can be used to_____people’s actions at home.

  A. keep B. make C. record D. watch

  主语是暗示点, video cameras能做的动作是记录。故选C。

  6)It has been many years since I was last in London?_____I still remember something that happened during that visit.

  A. and B. for C. but D. as

  时间暗示:根据句前的many years和句后的still remember答案应选表示转折的连词but.

  7) (Immediately)the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to the_____hospital.

  A. animal B. biggest C.plant D. nearest

  rushed to提示:在这样的紧急情况下,人们的第一个反应是到最近的医院就医,因此答案为D。

  完型得高分并不困难,只要记住两件事:第一先通览全文,第二找准暗示,即可获得非常给力的分数。

英语阅读理解与完形的资料和必看技巧3

  1.“看”:look; see; watch; observe; notice; catch sight of; stare; glare; glance; glimpse; see a film; watch TV

  2.“说”:telll sth to sb.=tell sb sth; talk with sb about sth; say sth; speak in English; whisper sth to sb; inform sb of sth; reason /talk/persuadesb into doing sth; bargain; chat; repeat; explain; warn; remind; discuss; debate; figure; declare; claim; mention; admit; deny; describe; announce; introduce; complain

  3.“叫”:cry; call; shout; scream; moan; sigh; quarrel

  4.“问”:ask; interview; express; question

  5.“答”:answer; respond; reply

  6.“听”:listen to; hear; pick up; overhear

  7. “笑”:smile; laugh; burst into laughter; burst out laughing

  8.“哭”:cry; shed tears; weep; sob; burst into tears /burst out crying

  9.“吃/喝”:eat/drink; sip; have a meal; have supper; toast; taste; treat sb to; help oneself to

  10. “穿”:put on; wear; have on; be dressed in; make up; get changed; be in red; take off ; remove

  11.“行”:walk ; run ; climb; jump; skip; slip; come/go; enter; move; drive; ride; fly; crawl

  12.“坐”:sit down; be seated; seat oneself; take a seat,stand; lean

  13.“睡/休息”:lie /on one’s back/on one's side/ on one’s stomach; stay in bed; have a rest; take a nap; be asleep; bend; turn over; rest

  14.“写”:dictate; write sth; describe; drop a line; draw; take down/write down

  15.“拿/放”: take; bring; hold; carry; fetch; lif; put; lay; pull; push

  16.“抓”:take hold of; seize; grasp; scratch

  17.“打”:hit; beat; strike; blow; attack

  18.“扔”:throw; drop; fall; wave; shake

  19.“送”:send; deliver; give; offer; see off

  20.“摸/抱”:ouch; fold; embrace; hug; hold; in one’s arms

  21.“踢/碰”:kick; knock; tip

  22.“找/查”:find; look for; find out; discover/explore; hunt for; search for;seek,seek for in search of; search sb; search sp. for sth; check; examine; test; inspect

  23.“得”:get; obtain; acquire; gain; possess

  24.“失”:lose; be lost /be missing/gone; great loss

  25.“有”:have; own; conquer; occupy;possess

  26.“无”:nothing left; the remaining thing; disappear; be missing /gone

  27.“增/减”:rise / go up,drop; raise; bring down /reduce; increase/decrease

  28.“买/卖”:buy; purchase; afford; pay; pay off ; pay for; sell; on sale; bargain; bill / cheque / cash/credit card/notes/coins; discounts

  29.“存在/消失”:come into being; exist; appear; survive ; live; show; turn up; disappear; die; die out; pass away; be out of sight

  30.“变化”:develop; improve ; become; grow; go+ bad /wrong/ sour;turn + colour; change /change into; reform

  31.“成功/失败”:make it; succeed; make progress; come true; realize one’s dream; win; lose; fail to do; defeat; suffer loss; beat; turn sth. into reality

  32.“努力”:try /manage; make efforts; attempt ; do one's best; do as much as one can to do

  33.祝贺:congratulate sb. on sth.; celebrate; observe; get together

  34.敬佩:admire; respect; show respect for/to; adore; envy ;be jealousy

  35.赞美/批评:praise; think highly of; blame sb for sth; sb is to blame; criticize /scold sb. for sth.; have a low opinion of sb; speak ill of

  36. 喜/恶:like; love; be fond of ; be keen on; be crazy about; adore; be into; prefer; enjoy; dislike hate; ignore

  37.到达:arrive at; reach; return to; get to; stay in sp.; visit; leave; leave for

  38.受伤:hurt ; injure; wound; cut; kill; drown; bleed; get burnt; suffer from; suffer a loss

  39.损坏:damage; destroy; ruin; break down; crash; be broken

  40.修复: repair; rebuild; restore; fix; recover oneself

  41.“认识的过程” :feel; sense; guess; suppose; wonder; doubt; know /learn realize understand remember; be familiar with; recall; recite; apply to

  42.认为;判断:think; believe; consider; find; feel; conclude; infer; doubt

  43.想/考虑:think of…as...; think about; consider; think over

  44.支持/反对:agree; disagree; accept; receive; refuse; turn down; be against; elect; vote for/ against

  45.花费:sth/doing sth+cost; sb+spend+ (in) doing sth; sb+afford +n/to do sth ; It +takes/took some time/ money/energy to do sth; sb pay some money for sth.

  46.省/存钱:save /save up; set aside; put away

  47.参加:take part in; join /join in; attend; compete in/ for/against

  48.控告:accuse sb. of; charge sb. with

  49.救治/帮助: help /help out; save /rescue sb from sth.; treat; cure sb. of sth; aid sb in doing sth / to do sth; help sb with sth;assist sb in doing sth

  50.逃避:run away; escape from; flee; hide

  51.阻止/禁止:prevent / keep/ stop sb. from doing sth; forbid doing sth.; ban; prohibit

  52.对付/处理:handle / do with / deal with /tackle /overcome sth ; solve; settle

  53.效仿:copy; imitate; learn from; learn

  54.爆发/发生:come about; happen to; take place; break out; burst out; go off; explode

  55.安装/装备:fasten; fix; set; equip; be armed with; be equipped with

  56.追求:pursuit; ran after; seek after; chase; catch up with; keep up with

  57.建议:advise; suggest; recommend; propose; urge; demand; persuade

  58. 打算:plan / intend / design to do; be going to do /be about to do /will do

  59.似乎/好象:seem; appear; look like;as if /as though

  60.开办/关闭:open; start; set up; close/close up; end; close down

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