英语阅读理解与完形的资料和必看技巧
英语阅读理解与完形的资料和必看技巧1
完形的命题有个很明显的变化趋势——淡化语法，着重篇章语境的理解和上下文逻辑的推理。
一，单纯考察语法的题目只有两道且难度较低：45题，All ___ them the rain was pouring down… 表达“人置身于大雨中”用介词around;48题，… he found ___ at the ranch gate. Raul发现自己已回到家门口，用反身代词himself。
二，换句话说，剩下大部分题目都要求对篇章语境的理解。在这里，我把这类“语境题”分为三个层次：
1，上下文直接提示，这是最简单的。
例如42题，There stood a tall, white ___. An old man stared down at him from its back. 这里说明这个“又白又高”的是老人的坐骑，那么到底是骑的什么呢?后面的Raul followed on his horse彻底给出了答案。
2，上下文给出暗示，须要我们抓住线索再稍作推理。
还是以42题这两句为例，老人是骑在tall马上面的，盯着Raul看也是stare down的，Raul又是个小孩儿，推出：他看老人应该是昂着头的了。所以41题，He ___. 选A, looked up。
3，完全地语境考察。就是说，单看文章某一处无法得出结论，要结合多句话甚至全篇才能确定某事物的印象、性质、情感色彩等，这是“语境题”最难的一种。
纵观全文，尽管老头的出场很生猛，但随着情节的发展，我们发现他并没做什么邪恶可怕的事情，不仅把Raul送回了家，还在临别时微笑着挥手致意，这些点滴帮助我们拼凑出一个和蔼可亲的老人形象，给人以好的正向的感觉。那么43题，the old man answered ___. 老人是以怎样的态度回答Raul的呢?B, C选项的angrily和coldly(冷淡地)两个负向的不好的副词，明显与老人的形象冲突，排除。A选项的lazily更是没有任何根据，排除。而老人家说话做事都慢一点倒是讲得通，故选择D选项的slowly。
三，完形还有一大类的题型就是词义辨析。这类题的特点是：
1，四个选项填在原文空处，语法上都合情合理，只有根据语境来取舍。
例如51题，Raul’s father ran out across the yard to ___ him. “we have been worried about you. Are you okay? … ”这道题错误率极高，许多同学都被父亲“are you okay?”这一问误导，选了D选项的ask。其实大家静下来仔细一想，都不难能体会：平常亲朋好友相聚重逢，总免不了嘘寒问暖，但整个过程根本的核心是“逢(meet)”这个本质目的，而不是“问(ask)”这个表面形式。外面天气恶劣，儿子没按时回家，做父亲的心急如焚，突然看见孩子出现在大门口，赶紧冲出去，一路小跑，穿过整个院子，这一系列动作的最终目的仅仅是为了问上这么一句吗?不是。而是为了和儿子见面重逢啊!(大家也可以试想如果父亲是个哑巴，他这时就不冲出去了吗?：)所以选择B选项的meet。
2，在正确理解上下文后，还剩下不止一个词貌似符合此处语境，要求我们能品味出词与词之间的细微差别，选出的一个。
这类题型难度较高，原因一：完全依靠自身的英文素养(内功)，临场做题时，知道就是知道，不知道就是不知道，无太多技巧可言。原因二：多年学习过程中，中学教材单词表和电子词典的简单中文释义，让同学们“知道”了许多单词，“吃透”的却很少。一个“打击、打中”可以想到defeat, catch, damage, strike… 一串单词，确不知道其中区别。这次的55题，考察的就是Gray老头曾被雷劈过，这个“劈”用哪个动词最合适。
A, defeated这个“打”主要的意思是“击败”，潜台词有过一场较量，而人是不可能跟雷电交上手的。B, caught (catch)有“抓住、击中”的意思，细细体会，它有“经过追逐，终于catch”的意味。选catch就成了：雷一直追着老头劈，直至劈中，这个闪电也太执著了吧?!C, damaged的意思偏向于“损害”，尤其是对物和财产造成的损失，不合适。D, struck (strike)的意思是“打击”，有非常迅速的意味，刚好与闪电的特点相符，故选D
英语阅读理解与完形的资料和必看技巧2
高考专家建议：首先要以很快的速度浏览全文，掌握文章的主旨，不要急于看选项。解答完型必须从全文角度出发，然后才是分散到单个句子，完型比较忌讳直接上手就做，没有通览全文，大致明白文章描述什么。当然，个别基础过硬的学生除外。
特训：寻找解题暗示关键点
1.浏览全文时要重点了解文中所叙述关键点(解题关键：题目暗示点)：人物、时间、地点、事件，即who，when，where，what。完形填空命题的原则一般是第一句话不挖空，目的是使读者进入语境，因此一定要认真阅读这句话。
例如：Why is a space left between the rails of a railway line where one piece joins the next?
这句话的关键点是Why、where、between。
记住要点1：指代必有暗示、转折或关联必有暗示、介词必有暗示(多考察词组)
2.根据故事情节的发展选词，确定所填的词与文中哪个词有关系以及动作是在什么场合发生的'。
记住要点2：关注动词(看对象场合和介词)，尤其是选项是动词的情况下，关注对象。
3.词义辨析时，我们根据词性来决定选项。英语是句子决定单词，不是单词决定句子。
记住要点3：词义辨析，主语或对象是暗示关键点。如果四个选项中，3个有共同点(词性)，可以一起大胆排除。
4.平时练习时，将所选定的词放到文章中复读检查，考试时因为时间关系可以自己选择做不做这项工作。(“字面译、通逻辑、搞代入、全文译”)。
记住要点4：纯粹为了训练找解题关键，看看自己所参照的原文或暗示词是否定位准确，上下文是否连贯。
题目暗示点总结：指代词、关联词、主语、介词、动词、转折、时间、地点、对象(宾语)
案例说明：
1)Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is very?very_____.
A. deep B. high C. cold D. dangerous
转折必有暗示，根据but的提示，所填入的词应与shallow相反，因此答案为A。
2)Mrs O’Neill asked_____questions?and she didn’t scold us either.
A. no B. certain C. many D. more
关联必有暗示，根据and的提示，又发现后面either的暗示，我们可以明确所填的词也应是一个否定意义的词，因此答案是A。
3)Here’s a fellow who just walked into a bank and helped himself_____so much money.
A. for B. by C. to D. of
本题考查词组，选项是介词，我们参考动词helped himself，一一搭配，只有C表示“自取、拿”，故选C。
4)Soon I heard a_____like that of a door burst in?and then a climb of feet.
A. sound B. cry C. voice D. shout
词义辨析题，题目中“I”不是主语、“a door burst”才是真正的主语。选项中的四个词都表示不同的声音，但B，C，D项的三个词都是指从嗓子里发出的声音，而sound则表示各种各样的声音。因此答案是A。
5)And video cameras can be used to_____people’s actions at home.
A. keep B. make C. record D. watch
主语是暗示点， video cameras能做的动作是记录。故选C。
6)It has been many years since I was last in London?_____I still remember something that happened during that visit.
A. and B. for C. but D. as
时间暗示：根据句前的many years和句后的still remember答案应选表示转折的连词but.
7) (Immediately)the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to the_____hospital.
A. animal B. biggest C.plant D. nearest
rushed to提示：在这样的紧急情况下，人们的第一个反应是到最近的医院就医，因此答案为D。
完型得高分并不困难，只要记住两件事：第一先通览全文，第二找准暗示，即可获得非常给力的分数。
英语阅读理解与完形的资料和必看技巧3
1.“看”：look; see; watch; observe; notice; catch sight of; stare; glare; glance; glimpse; see a film; watch TV
2.“说”：telll sth to sb.=tell sb sth; talk with sb about sth; say sth; speak in English; whisper sth to sb; inform sb of sth; reason /talk/persuadesb into doing sth; bargain; chat; repeat; explain; warn; remind; discuss; debate; figure; declare; claim; mention; admit; deny; describe; announce; introduce; complain
3.“叫”：cry; call; shout; scream; moan; sigh; quarrel
4.“问”：ask; interview; express; question
5.“答”：answer; respond; reply
6.“听”：listen to; hear; pick up; overhear
7. “笑”：smile; laugh; burst into laughter; burst out laughing
8.“哭”：cry; shed tears; weep; sob; burst into tears /burst out crying
9.“吃/喝”：eat/drink; sip; have a meal; have supper; toast; taste; treat sb to; help oneself to
10. “穿”：put on; wear; have on; be dressed in; make up; get changed; be in red; take off ; remove
11.“行”：walk ; run ; climb; jump; skip; slip; come/go; enter; move; drive; ride; fly; crawl
12.“坐”：sit down; be seated; seat oneself; take a seat，stand; lean
13.“睡/休息”：lie /on one’s back/on one's side/ on one’s stomach; stay in bed; have a rest; take a nap; be asleep; bend; turn over; rest
14.“写”：dictate; write sth; describe; drop a line; draw; take down/write down
15.“拿/放”： take; bring; hold; carry; fetch; lif; put; lay; pull; push
16.“抓”：take hold of; seize; grasp; scratch
17.“打”：hit; beat; strike; blow; attack
18.“扔”：throw; drop; fall; wave; shake
19.“送”：send; deliver; give; offer; see off
20.“摸/抱”：ouch; fold; embrace; hug; hold; in one’s arms
21.“踢/碰”：kick; knock; tip
22.“找/查”：find; look for; find out; discover/explore; hunt for; search for;seek,seek for in search of; search sb; search sp. for sth; check; examine; test; inspect
23.“得”：get; obtain; acquire; gain; possess
24.“失”：lose; be lost /be missing/gone; great loss
25.“有”：have; own; conquer; occupy;possess
26.“无”：nothing left; the remaining thing; disappear; be missing /gone
27.“增/减”：rise / go up,drop; raise; bring down /reduce; increase/decrease
28.“买/卖”：buy; purchase; afford; pay; pay off ; pay for; sell; on sale; bargain; bill / cheque / cash/credit card/notes/coins; discounts
29.“存在/消失”：come into being; exist; appear; survive ; live; show; turn up; disappear; die; die out; pass away; be out of sight
30.“变化”：develop; improve ; become; grow; go+ bad /wrong/ sour;turn + colour; change /change into; reform
31.“成功/失败”：make it; succeed; make progress; come true; realize one’s dream; win; lose; fail to do; defeat; suffer loss; beat; turn sth. into reality
32.“努力”：try /manage; make efforts; attempt ; do one's best; do as much as one can to do
33.祝贺：congratulate sb. on sth.; celebrate; observe; get together
34.敬佩：admire; respect; show respect for/to; adore; envy ;be jealousy
35.赞美/批评：praise; think highly of; blame sb for sth; sb is to blame; criticize /scold sb. for sth.; have a low opinion of sb; speak ill of
36. 喜/恶：like; love; be fond of ; be keen on; be crazy about; adore; be into; prefer; enjoy; dislike hate; ignore
37.到达：arrive at; reach; return to; get to; stay in sp.; visit; leave; leave for
38.受伤：hurt ; injure; wound; cut; kill; drown; bleed; get burnt; suffer from; suffer a loss
39.损坏：damage; destroy; ruin; break down; crash; be broken
40.修复： repair; rebuild; restore; fix; recover oneself
41.“认识的过程” ：feel; sense; guess; suppose; wonder; doubt; know /learn realize understand remember; be familiar with; recall; recite; apply to
42.认为;判断：think; believe; consider; find; feel; conclude; infer; doubt
43.想/考虑：think of…as...; think about; consider; think over
44.支持/反对：agree; disagree; accept; receive; refuse; turn down; be against; elect; vote for/ against
45.花费：sth/doing sth+cost; sb+spend+ (in) doing sth; sb+afford +n/to do sth ; It +takes/took some time/ money/energy to do sth; sb pay some money for sth.
46.省/存钱：save /save up; set aside; put away
47.参加：take part in; join /join in; attend; compete in/ for/against
48.控告：accuse sb. of; charge sb. with
49.救治/帮助： help /help out; save /rescue sb from sth.; treat; cure sb. of sth; aid sb in doing sth / to do sth; help sb with sth;assist sb in doing sth
50.逃避：run away; escape from; flee; hide
51.阻止/禁止：prevent / keep/ stop sb. from doing sth; forbid doing sth.; ban; prohibit
52.对付/处理：handle / do with / deal with /tackle /overcome sth ; solve; settle
53.效仿：copy; imitate; learn from; learn
54.爆发/发生：come about; happen to; take place; break out; burst out; go off; explode
55.安装/装备：fasten; fix; set; equip; be armed with; be equipped with
56.追求：pursuit; ran after; seek after; chase; catch up with; keep up with
57.建议：advise; suggest; recommend; propose; urge; demand; persuade
58. 打算：plan / intend / design to do; be going to do /be about to do /will do
59.似乎/好象：seem; appear; look like;as if /as though
60.开办/关闭：open; start; set up; close/close up; end; close down