学位英语阅读理解的阅读方法
一篇文章是一个整体。文章作者通过整篇文章的构思、布局、对事物的论证、说明、叙述和描写等方法向读者传授知识和信息。知识和信息是存在于整篇文章之中，而不是存在于孤立的词句之内。在阅读句、段、篇时都应从整体原则出发。这样才能既理解字面含义，又能洞察深层含义;既能看到上下文呼应的语言结构，又能体会到字里行间的潜在含义;既能了解文章的各局部的`含义，又能抓住文章的中心思想，从而对整篇文章达到较高层次的理解。
整体阅读有两个层次：
(1) 篇章的阅读。在阅读一篇文章时，应从五个方面驾驭整篇文章，遵循如下的模式：文章的标题;作者;基本内容;事实;文章的特点、争议和批评意见。这样可以避免盲目性和疏忽遗漏。阅读时，可把主要精力放在有用信息上，大大减少处理无用作息的时间，并使信息条理化，以便理解和吸收。
(2) 句、段的阅读。句子是一个整体，段也是一个整体。阅读句子时，如果不太长，要一口气读完。这样不仅读速快，而且有助于理解。当然，英语句子一般比较长，不能一口气读完。这时应以较大的意群为单位进行阅读。所谓意群是指句子中可以分开来看的各个部分，每个部分都有其相对独立的意义。
把句子和段落看成整体并不意味着要把句中所有的词、段落中所有的句子都看得同等重要。一个句子中有些词是关键词，有些词只是结构信号，有些词只表示辅助信息。对前者应注意，对后两者可一扫而过。
例:
If there is any single factor that makes for success in living, it is the ability to profit by defeat. Every success I know has been achieved because the person was able to analyze defeat and actually profit by it in his next undertaking. Confuse defeat with failure, and you are doomed to failure. For it isn't defeat that makes you fail; it is your own refusal to see in defeat the guide and encouragement to success.
Defeats are nothing to be ashamed of. They are routine incidents in the life of every man who achieves success. But defeat is a dead loss unless you do face it without humiliation, analyze it and learn why you fail. Defeat, in other words, can help to cure its own cause. Not only does defeat Prepare us for success, but nothing can arouse within us such a compelling desire to succeed. If you let a baby grasp a rod and try to Pull it away he will cling more and more tightly until his whole weight is suspended. It is this same reaction which should give you new and greater Strength every time you are defeated. If you exploit the power which defeat gives, you can accomplish with it far more than you are capable of.
11 what does the author know?
A He knows at lest several cases o f success.
B He knows every success in life.
C It's not mentioned in the passage.
D He knows every success that has been achieved by man.
通读全文，应该选择A。
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