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2021年高考英语阅读理解训练题及答案
高考是中华人民共和国大陆境内(香港、澳门除外)高等学校入学最重要的考试。英语作为文理都要考的科目，不可谓不重要。为了帮助大家备考2021年高考英语，小编整理了一些阅读理解训练题，欢迎阅读!
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑
A
Signing up for a digital TV service provides you with access to over 200 channels from all over the globe. However, television today is dominated by adult language, making it hard for concerned families to find channels suitable for young eyes. Therefore, most movie channels are automatically removed form the list of TV channels for an entire family. The following are some good ones based on popularity on a global scale.
Discovery Channel
Discovery and its many channels can be considered as the founding father of informative channels on television. What National Geographic does in a scholastic(学术的) manner, Discovery tries to do in an entertaining manner—educating the masses about anything and everything.
Fox Family
Finding a movie channel that broadcasts pictures suitable for teenagers and kids alike is very difficult unless your service operator offers you Fox family movies. This channel screens most movies before it broadcasts them, ensuring that no movie shows unacceptable material for young eyes.
Nickelodeon
A channel very similar to Cartoon Network, it mostly shows US programs. However, their shows are sometimes a bit more mature for younger kids and better suited to kids aged 5and up.
ABC Family
ABC started the ABC family channel in an attempt to introduce family-centered shows and serials to the public in the USA. The need for this channel was felt after ABC observed the lack of proper family type US channels.
Living
If travelling is a family hobby and better living is the motto then there is no better channel than Living. Kids can see never-seen-before sights, learning about new places while adults can practice their cooking and learn amazing things about motorbikes.
21. According to the text, most channels offered by a digital TV service ______.
A. can keep people away from TV violence
B. are welcomed by families with small children
C. are concerned about the proper use of language
D. are unsuitable for the whole family to watch together
22. Which of the following can best describe Discovery Channel?
A. Relaxing. B. Touching. C. Commercial. D. Professional.
23. If people want to know about what a traditional family is like, they can choose ____.
A. Fox Family B. Nickelodeon C. ABC Family D. Living
B
Do you know how it is when you see someone yawn and you start yawning too? Or how hard it is to be among people laughing and not laugh yourself? Well, apparently it’s because we have mirror neurons (神经元) in our brains.
Put simply, the existence of mirror neurons suggests that every time we see someone else do something, our brains imitate it, whether or not we actually perform the same action. This
explains a great deal about how we learn to smile, talk, walk, dance or play sports. But the idea goes further: mirror neurons not only appear to explain physical actions, they also tell us that there is a biological basis for the way we understand other people.
Mirror neurons can undoubtedly be found all over our brains, but especially in the area
which relate to our ability to use languages, and to understand how other people feel. Researchers have found that mirror neurons relate strongly to language. A group of researchers discovered that if they gave people sentences to listen to (for example: “The hand took hold of the ball”), the same mirror neurons were triggered as when the action was actually performed (in this example, actually taking hold of a ball).
Any problems with mirror neurons may well result in problems with behavior. Much research suggests that people with social and behavioral problems have mirror neurons which
are not fully functioning. However, it is not yet known exactly how these discoveries might help find treatments for social disorders.
Research into mirror neurons seems to provide us with ever more information concerning how humans behave and interact. Indeed, it may turn out to be the equivalent for neuroscience of what Einstein’s theory of relativity was for physics. And the next time you feel the urge to cough in the cinema when someone else does—well, perhaps you’ll understand why.
24. Mirror neurons can explain _____.
A. why we cry when we are hurt
B. why we cough when we suffer from a cold
C. why we smile when we see someone else smile
D. why we yawn when we see someone else stay up late
25. The underlined word “triggered” in the third paragraph probably means “____”.
A. set off B. cut off C. built up D. broken up
26. We can learn from the passage that mirror neurons _____.
A. relate to human behavior and interaction
B. control human physical actions and feelings
C. result in bad behavior and social disorders
D. determine our knowledge and language abilities
27. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Ways to find mirror neurons. B. Problems of mirror neurons.
C. Existence of mirror neurons. D. Functions of mirror neurons.
C
The sharing economy, represented by companies like Airbnb or Uber, is the latest fashion craze. But many supporters have overlooked the reality that this new business model is largely based on escaping regulations and breaking the law.
Airbnb is an internet-based service that allows people to rent out spare rooms to strangers for short stays. Uber is an internet taxi service that allows thousands of people to answer ride requests with their own cars. There are hundreds of other such services.
The good thing about the sharing economy is that it promotes the use of underused resources. Millions of people have houses or apartments with empty rooms, and Airbnb allows them to profit from these rooms while allowing guests a place to stay at prices that are often far less than those charged by hotels. Uber offers prices that are competitive with standard taxi prices and their drivers are often much quicker and more trustworthy.
But the downside of the sharing economy has gotten much less attention. Most cities and states both tax and regulate hotels, and the tourists who stay in hotels are usually an important source of tax income. But many of Airhnb’s customers are not paying the taxes required under the law.
Airbnb can also raise issues of safety for its customers and trouble for hosts' neighbors. Hotels are regularly inspected to ensure that they are not fire traps and that they don't form other risks for visitors. Airbnb hosts face no such inspections.
Since Airbnb is allowing people to escape taxes and regulations, the company is simply promoting thefts. Others in the economy will lose by bearing an additional tax burden or being forced to live next to an apartment unit with a never-ending series of noisy visitors.
The same story may apply with Uber. Uber is currently in disputes over whether its cars meet the safety and insurance requirements imposed on standard taxis. Also, if Uber and related services flood the market, they could harm all taxi drivers' ability to earn a minimum wage.
This downside of the sharing needs to be taken seriously, hut that doesn't mean the current tax and regulatory structure is perfect.
28. What is the positive thing about the sharing economy?
A. It is a global trend.
B. It is beyond regulations.
C. It draws on spare resources.
D. It brings in modest profits.
29. What is the problem with Airbnb customers according to the passage?
A. They are not regularly inspected.
B. They are likely to commit thefts.
C. They are not allowed to escape taxes.
D. They can be noisy to hosts’ neighbours.
30. What is the argument over Uber according to the passage?
A. Whether it guarantees customers' safety.
B. Whether it provides reliable services.
C. Whether it lowers customers' expenses.
D. Whether it can compete with standard taxis.
31. What will be talked about in the following paragraphs?
A. Existing regulations and laws.
B. Necessary improvements of current laws.
C. Further development of Airbnb and Uber.
D. More downsides of Airbnb and Uber.
D
The old shopkeeper led me through to the back of the shop. The room was filled with boxes and dusty photographs of people holding packages in their hands.
Mr. Hopkins said, “We have a very wide choice of items for sale. Whenever I serve a new customer, I take their picture.” Mr. Hopkins pointed to an ancient camera on a table.
I began to appreciate the lovely items on sale. I spent a very pleasant hour being shown the commodities in the shop. Finally, I bought an antique jewelry box, a pair of riding boots and a sewing machine.
I was very excited that I had found such a good little shop. “I will tell all my friends about your lovely place,” I told the shopkeeper. ?Please do not do that, sir”, said Mr. Hopkins. “This is a special place for special people. You must keep this shop a secret.” Then he took my photograph, and handed me the picture straight away.
?That was quick!” I exclaimed. In the picture I looked proud and excited holding the presents I had bought there.
On Christmas Day, my friends and relatives were delighted with the presents I had bought for them. For weeks, my brother begged me to take him to the wonderful little shop. I finally agreed .
We walked along Oxford Street, passed the department store and found nothing. In its place was an empty space being used as a car park. I checked the area again. There was the music shop, and there was the department store. In between should have been Hopkins and Son, but it wasn’t there.
Just then an old policeman came . “Are you looking for something, sir?” he asked. “I am looking for a little shop called Hopkins and Son. ”
?Oh yes, there was a shop here once called Hopkins and Son. But it was knocked down over 30 years ago.”
I looked again at the place , and then I reached into my pocket and took out the photograph that Mr. Hopkins had taken of me holding my presents in the little shop.
?How strange” I exclaimed.
32. What did the author think of Hopkins and Son?
A. Big and modern .
B. Old and outdated.
C. Little and dusty.
D. Lovely and wonderful.
33. We can infer from Paragraph 4 that Mr. Hopkins ________.
A. was ashamed of his little shop.
B. didn’t like his shop to be advertised.
C. was one of the author’s special friends.
D. handed the author his picture immediately.
34. What does the underlined word揷ommoditiesn” refer to?
A. The goods in the shop
B. the author’s gifts
C. Photographs taken by Mr. Hopkins
D. Packages held by other customers
35. What can we learn about the shop?
A. It was closed by the police.
B. It was well-known in that area.
C. It was knocked down a few weeks ago.
D. It was between a music shop and a department store.
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多于选项。
Most people believe they don't have much imagination. They are wrong. Everyone
has imagination, 36 Here are three techniques to help you regain your imagination
and creativity from when you were a kid.
Making connections.
This technique involves taking unrelated ideas and trying to find links between
them. First, think about the problem you have to solve or the job you need to do. 37 Think of as many ideas/words associated with candles: light, fire, matches, wax，night, silence, etcas you can and write them down. The next stage is to relate the ideas to the job you have to do.
No limits!
38 You have as much time/space/money, etc. as you want. Think about your goal and the new possibilities. If your goal is to learn to ski, for example, you can now practise skiing every day of your life (because you have the time and the money) . Now adapt this to reality. Maybe you can practise skiing every day in December, or every Monday in January.
39
Look at the situation from a different point of view. Fiction writers often imagine they are the characters in their books. They ask questions: What does this character want? Why can't she get it? What changes must she make to get what she wants? 40 The best fishermen think like fish!
A. Being someone else!
B. Asking questions!
C. Imagine that normal limitations don't exist.
D. Then find an image, word, idea or object, for example, a candle.
E. If your goal involves other people, put yourself in their positions.
F. but most of us, once we become adults, forget how to make use of it.
G. and we are on the way to achieving it whether the way is smooth or tough.
参考答案：
21-23.DAC， 24-27.CAAC， 28-31.CDAB， 32-35.DBAD， 36-40.FDCAE。
拓展：
高考阅读理解考查什么?
常言道：得阅读、完型者得高分，这还真没有夸张，阅读完型占整份高考英语试卷70分(总分150)，也是试卷中难度最大的部分，如何提分一直是广大师生们思考的热点问题。
首先，同学们要弄清楚阅读理解题，考查大家什么?答案是：设题考查的是同学们是否读懂文章的主旨大意、文章作者意图，文章作者对所谈及的问题的态度，以及文章中影响理解的一些细节，总的一句话，设题的目的是考查读者是否真的看懂和理解目标文章而不是考查你是否认得每个字。
所以，读文章时，当以提纲挚领为关键，即读文章先抓主旨大意而不能从头一字一句读到尾，这种做法对有情节的记叙文可行，其他文体不很适合。但高考阅读考 记叙文的比例较低，一般都是说明文、科技报道、科学发现、新闻、广告等。读这类文章每次都要养成先读主旨大意句(通常是各段首句)的习惯，尤其是文章首句 和末尾句(它们经常在一呼一应中表达了作者的观点)。然后再细读各段，有时根据具体内容也可以在此时先看设题的题干，或者甚至选项，这可以帮助你在第二步 细读时有的放矢，有时读了设题的题干还有可能对文章的理解起到意想不到的帮助作用。
读文章时，还要注意作些标记。如主题句，核心词(反复出现的词)，反映作者态度的形容词，对给出汉语的地方也要显眼标出，一是因为常会设题，二是避免下文或题目中再次出现时你当为生词。对于人名，数字也通常会设题最好标出记号，避免回头找时浪费时间。
然后是开始读题做选择。不同情况的同学，我们给予不同的建议。
阅读理解命题预测与答题技巧
一、高考命题解读
一)解题方法
(1)略读法(Skimming)：略读旨在快速了解阅读材料的内容大意，在这个过程中要运用意群视读法，不纠缠只言片语，不追求百分之一百的理解细节，要以最快的速度来理解文章的概貌，掌握文章的大意，作阅读理解的第一遍时可用此方法。
(2)查阅法(Scanning)：考生可以不需要阅读整篇文章，而只需找出可能包含所需信息的部分，然后加以阅读就行。查阅法主要用于获得具体的信息，即谁、什么、什么时间、什么地点、什么原因以及如何发生等有关或者具体的数字。
(3)同义互释法：在高考中有些深层理解或者判断推理的问题可以采用同义互释法。
(4)判断推理法：有时4个题项中不止一个可以作为答案项，这时就应该意识到该题是一个判断推理题。要根据文章的主旨和作者的意图，选择比较，去伪存真，选出切合文章主旨和作者意图的最佳答案。
二)解题思路
1.浏览试题，明确要求。在阅读文章前，最好先浏览一下文章后面的题干和选项。知道了问题后再去看文章，可使思路更敏捷，而且也便于阅读时留意文中出现的与选项有关的信息。
2.通读全文，抓住主要内容，要在不影响理解的前提下，尽可能地阅读以便在尽可能短的时间内理解文章或段落的内容。阅读时，如遇到不熟悉的单词、词组或一时看不懂的句子，不要停下来苦思冥想，继续读下去，通过上下文的词语和句子可能就理解了。
3.抓住中心思想和段落大意。通读全文时，要特别注意主题句。每篇文章或每个段落都有与文章有关的句子，尤其是科技、政论性文章的主题句一般都在文章的开 头或结尾，插在中间的很少。所以，文章的第一段或开头的第(一)二个句子往往包含着文章的中心思想、作者的意图或全文的概述，因此要特别注意，彻底理解。
4.有针对性地仔细阅读，找寻所需信息。在前面的基础上，可进行有针对性地阅读了。把与问题无关的内容一扫而过，而对于和问题有关的内容认真阅读，还可以用笔在下面做出记号。再把这些信息与问题的要求结合起来，逐条分析，综合判断，找出正确答案。
5.进行合理的推理判断。对文章有了全面的了解之后，可以按照文章要求以及上下文之间的关系，做出推理判断。在进行推理判断的时候，需要综合考虑句型、语法、句子之间的逻辑关系、文化背景等方面的因素。
6.认真复读,验证答案.要用全文的中心思想统帅各个题目,研究其内在联系和逻辑关系,并依次审核那些还未打上的题目,确保理解无误.
二、学习建议
一)扩大词汇量，强化阅读训练
实际阅读中，考生掌握的词汇量应在3000个词以上。这些词汇是学生需要掌握的词汇，即考生要能认会用。考生要扩大词汇量，增强语感，就必须通过加大阅读量来实现。阅读时应注意以下两点：
1.精泛并举。大力开展课外阅读活动，争取逐步达到新的《英语课程标准》 的要求，确保达到学会使用3000个单词和400～500个习惯用语和固定搭配的要求。
2.持之以恒。英语阅读能力的培养是一个渐进的复杂过程，要养成每天阅读英语的习惯，循序渐进，持之以恒，广泛阅读。每天最好读2～3篇英语短文，记叙文、应用文、说明文等体裁的文章交叉阅读，并做好后面的相关测试题
二)树立正确的阅读理念，学会基本的理解技巧
首先，要学会抓大意。寻找主题句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。
其次，要学会疏理结构。
三)形成有效的阅读策略，养成良好的阅读习惯
养成默读习惯，使注意力集中在文字符号上，纠正唇读、心读、喉读等做法，以免分散精力，影响阅读速度。要克服指读、回视、重读等不良习惯。这些习惯容易使 理解只停留在某个词或某个句子上，从而使获得的信息支离破碎。要善于抓住句子中的核心词，从一个句子快速地扫视到另一个句子，进行连贯性理解。
三、题型归纳
阅读测试题一般可分为以下几种题型：
1)细节理解题。过去在阅读理解题中占很大比例。细节题要求考生具备快速寻找信息的能力，采用针对性方法进行阅读。多数情况下，作者不会明确地呈现一个事 实，读者需根据已有的信息进行处理，读出言外之意。还要特别注意文章的时间顺序、故事发生的地点、情节的发展、和人物之间的关系。
考查文章细节理解的测试题
① This article is particularly written for ___.?
② When the writer says he really means ___.?
③ The author's attitude to is that ___.?
④ What kind of atmosphere does the writer want to create in this passage??
⑤ The writer regards as ___.?
⑥ The writer's purpose in writing this story is ___.
2)归纳概括题。考生须通过对全文的阅读和思考，把握文章的结构和脉络，从而找出文 章的中心思想和主题大意，推断作者写作意图或作者对该事情的态度。考生应抓住文章中开头和结尾，注意每一自然段落中的主题句。
考查主题思想或段落大意的常见题
① The story mainly tells us ___.?
② From the passage we know that ___.?
③ The writer wants to tell us ___.
④ The best title of this passage should be ___?
⑤ The main idea of Paragraph 1 is ___.?
⑥ Whats the purpose/attitude of ?
⑦ The last paragraph ends the passage with an emphasis on ___.?
⑧ What is the subject discussed in the text??
⑨ Whish of the following statements is best supported by the last paragraph??
3)推理判断题。此题要求纵观全文，在汇集短文提供的各项信息的基础上，紧扣作者的意图，充分发挥自己的逻辑思维能力，从文章的内在含义和字里行间中、从作者的态度和取向中获得信息，做出正确的推理和判断。
考查推理和判断常见问题有：
① We can infer from the passage ___.?
② From the passage, we can tell ___.
③ We can conclude from the passage ___.?
④ What probably happened in the end??
⑤ When he said, "", he meant ___.?
⑥ This passage would most likely to be found in ___.
7 The authors / writers attitude(态度)towards is _______.
8 What do you think would happen (to) at the end of the story?
4)词义猜测题。这类题要求理解文中关键词句的含义。其中有些题属于用词汇替换或句型转换手段对短文原句释义，属浅层理解题，但有些题要求联系全文意义来 判断有关词句的含义及寓意，这就属于深层理解，需反复推敲斟酌。同一个词的意义往往因上下文不同而发生变化，故作好这类题的关键是理解好上下文。
猜测词义，常见的题干有?
① The word in paragraph refers to ___.?
② The underlined word "" means ___.?
③ The word "" could be replaced by ___.?
④ Which of the following words can take the place of ?
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