英语阅读理解高考真题

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英语阅读理解高考真题

　　第一篇：

　　Psychologists have discovered that even the most independent-minded of us will conform to social pressure when we are with a group of people. In one classic experiment, people were shown a vertical(垂直的) line and asked to find a line of identical length from a selection of three.

　　You might think that this is an absurdly easy task, and when people perform it by themselves they do it very well. However, psychologists have discovered that we are very easily swayed by the opinions of other people when we do this task in a group. In one study, a group of three people was set up, where two of the people were confederates(同伙) of the experimenter. When the confederates deliberately gave wrong answers, people were often swayed to give the wrong answer also. In fact, 75% of people gave at least one wrong answer, with some people conforming to peer pressure on every occasion.

　　But why do people conform in this way? In an easy task like this, it seems that people do not want to step out of line with the prevailing opinion of the group. On more difficult tasks, people also conform because they lose confidence in their own ability to make decisions and prefer to trust the majority opinion instead.

　　A typical example of this kind of conformity arises when we come across people in distress. Would you help a woman who has been attacked in the street? It turns out that you are much more likely to go to her assistance if you are alone. When other people are also around, a diffusion of responsibility occurs. People are paralysed into inaction, because everyone assumes that someone else will go to the woman's assistance.

　　63. In Paragraph 1, the underlined word “conform” probably means “　　　　　 ”.

　　A. seek independence　　　　 B. disobey orders

　　C. follow what others do　　　　D. seek pleasure

　　64. What is the purpose of the experiment described in Paragraph 2?

　　A. To explain why people would be influenced by the opinions of others.

　　B. To prove that people are easily influenced by the opinions of others.

　　C. To train the confederates of the experimenter as independent-minded.

　　D. To describe how people would be influenced by the opinions of others.

　　65. In the last paragraph, according to the author, why wouldn’t one help the woman?

　　A. He thinks he has no responsibilities to g ive a hand.

　　B. He thinks he has nothing to do with it.

　　C. He is too shy to give his helping hand.

　　D. He thinks someone else will offer assistance.

　　66. What method does the author mainly use to develop the text?

　　A. Giving examples.　　　　B. Cause-effect analysis.

　　C. Comparative analysis.　　　　D. Process analysis.

　　第二篇：

　　SCS Global Services (SCS) has evaluated a new methodology for measuring the carbon sequestration(封存) ability of soil under the Verified(验证) Carbon Standard (VCS), a leading greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting system. The methodology, developed by The Earth Partners, will allow land managers who sequester GHGs in grasslands and farmlands to produce carbon credits for sale in the voluntary market.

　　Managers of grasslands and farmlands can increase carbon sequestration in soil by practices such as changing grazing(放牧) practices and operating treatments designed to improve the variety and productivity of plant groups. The Earth Partners is presently piloting this methodology with farmers across seven million acres of the Palouse River and Columbia Plateau regions in the Pacific Northwest.

　　“The VCS p rogram has achieved an important milestone in now combining grassland and rangeland carbon offset(抵消，补偿) projects," said Dr. Robert J. Hrubes, Executive Vice President of SCS."SCS looks forward to approving and verifying agricultural carbon offset projects that use this very powerful new methodology."

　　The VM0021 Soil Carbon Quantification Methodology is based on decades of soil carbon research and testing conducted by top soil scientists. The m ethodology was developed by The Earth Partners and verified by Environmental Services, Inc. as well as SCS Global Services. It is the first soil carbon methodology to be approved for use under the VCS.

　　"This widely tested methodology is the first to specially deal with soils in a market," said Steven I. Apfelbaum, Chairman of Applied Ecological Services, Inc. and Director of Science with The Earth Partners. According to Apfelbaum, soils represent the second largest liv ing sink of carbon on the planet.

　　68. The new methodology is assessed according to　　　　　.

　　A. The Earth Partners　　　　B. the Verified Carbon Standard

　　C. Environmental Services, Inc.　　　　D. Applied Ecological Services, Inc.

　　69. Carbon sequestration in soil can be strengthened by　　　　　.

　　A. selling carbon credits in the voluntary market

　　B. changing grazing practices and operating treatments

　　C. reducing the variety and productivity of plant groups

　　D. decreasing farmlands in the Pacific Northwest

　　70. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

　　A. The VCS program proves to be successful in carbon offset projects.

　　B. Many soil Carbon Methodologies have already been approved for use.

　　C. The new methodology has been tested in many fields including soil.