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高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧
得阅读者得天下。要想在高考中得到高分，就必须提高阅读理解的得分率。词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的必考题型，而且利用文章所提供的语境来猜测生词的含义是阅读的必备技能之一。跟着小编一起来看如何破解这类题吧!
【高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧】
词义猜测能力是一项重要的英语阅读技能，同时也是上海高考英语卷对考生阅读能力进行检测的一个重要方面。综观近几年的上海高考英语阅读理解题，我们可以发现，词义猜测的命题形式大体有以下三个层面：
1.猜测一个单词的语境意义，如(上海高考66题)：
What does the word “epic” in paragraph 1 most probably mean?
2.猜测一个词组的含义，如(上海高考66题)：
According to paragraph 3, a person with “defective hearing” is probably one who...
3.对具体语境下的特定句子的猜测，如(上海高考73题)：
By saying “It could be your grandchildren’s stamp”, Mr Saunders means that forever stamps...
【解题技巧】
1. 利用同义词、近义词、反义词猜测词义
在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义、近义或反义的词语或语句，此时可以通过熟悉的词语以及它们之间的关系来推知生词在文段中的含义。
2. 利用定义或解释猜测词义
有些阅读中的生词，尤其是新闻报道及科普类文章中的生词，往往在其后有对该词进行解释说明的短语或句子。常见的提示词(语)有to be, to do, that is, stand for, namely, to refer to, to mean, in other words等，有时也以同位语(从句)、定语从句的形式出现，或用破折号、括号来引出。
3. 利用举例说明猜测词义
为了说明或证实，文章中经常会举例子，而这些例子可帮助我们猜测生词的意思。
4. 利用上下文猜测词义
理解文章离不开语境，因此在阅读的过程中，我们可以利用上下文形成的语境对生词词义进行合理的猜测。
5. 利用逻辑关系猜测词义
有时我们可以结合上下文的因果、递进、对比、转折或同位等逻辑关系来进行推断。
6. 利用构词法猜测词义
阅读中经常会遇到一些由所熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词，这时可利用构词法来推测其意思。考生需要掌握的是前缀、后缀和复合词。前缀一般不改变词性而只是改变词的意义;后缀一般改变词性;复合词是由两个或两个以上单词组成的，其词义往往通过其组合部分来确定。
【具体说明】
一、利用上下文存在的因果关系猜测词义
例1：It was a cold night in Washington, D.C., and I was heading back to the hotel when a man approached me. He asked if I would give him some money so he could get something to eat. I’d read the signs：“Don’t give money to beggars as most of them are swindlers.”So I shook my head and kept walking.
66. The underlined word “swindlers” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to .
A. policemen B. writers
C. cheaters D. beggars
解析：该题的解题关键线索在于as所连接的前果后因关系;以及so所连接的与前一句之间的前因后果关系，所以该题答案为C。
有时，上下文之间的因果关系不一定会用明显的连接词表示，此时需要考生仔细推敲，如：
例2： Previous research has explained why rewarding children for sharing can backfire. Children come to think of themselves as people who don’t like to share since they had to be rewarded for doing so. Because they don’t view themselves as “sharers” they are less likely to share in the future.
75.The underlined word “backfire” means .
A. serve as a push
B. have an opposite effect
C. cause anger
D. avoid taking things back
解析：从语意上说，“Children come to think of...”这句虽然没有because等连接词，但体现的意义就是对前句的原因的说明。所以该题答案为B。
二、利用上下文存在的对比关系猜测词义
例3：Electric cars are dirty. In fact, not only are they dirty, they might even be dirtier than their gasoline-powered cousins.
People in California love to talk about “zero-emissions(零排放的) vehicles,” but people in California seem to be clueless about where electricity comes from. Almost all power plants use fire to make it. Aside from the few folks who have their roofs covered with solar cells, we get our electricity from generators(发电机). Generators are fueled by something — usually coal, oil, but also by heat generated in nuclear power plants.
70. Which of the following words can replace “be clueless about” in paragraph 2?
A. Be familiar with.
B. Be curious about.
C. Show their interest in.
D. Fail to understand.
解析：该题的关键解题线索在于对but表示的转折关系的.把握。从句意上看，almost all power plants...起到对电力的来源进行解释的作用，所以该题答案为D。
三、利用上下文的排比关系猜测词义
例4：You feel happiest when you create a healthy balance between giving and receiving. If you give and give without making time to fill your own needs, then it’s likely you will burn out, or feel upset. If you take and take without giving anything back, you never feel fulfilled, so you are always searching for ways to fill the void in your life.
The underlined word “void” in the paragraph means?
A. a feeling of emptiness
B. an absence of one’s mind
C. a break of continuity
D. a state of confusion
解析：该题即属于利用排比结构所体现出的意义对比猜测词义的例子。该题答案为A。
四、利用其他手段猜测词义
除以上方法外，还可以利用上下文的解释性定语从句、同位语(从句)等以及用来起到解释和说明作用的破折号、冒号、分号、引号等标点符号进行推测和判断词汇的语境意义。如：
例5：The largest player—Shanghai Bashi Tourist Car Rental Center offers a wide variety of choices—deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches.
The words “deluxe sedans”, “minivans” and “station wagons” used in the passage refer to ?
A.cars in the making
B.car rental firms
C.cars for rent
D.car makers
解析：本句的两个破折号都是起解释作用的。第二个破折号后面对choices进行解释。由此我们可以推测出，破折号后面的内容是汽车出租公司所提供的汽车种类。由此本题的答案是C。
例6： Capacitance，or the ability to store electric charge, is one of the most common characteristics of electronic circuits.
What does the word “capacitance” mean in the paragraph?
解析：由or后面的同位语the ability to store electric
charge可以猜出capacitance 的词义是“电容量”。需要注意，同位语常与or, similarly, that is to say, in
other words, namely等词或短语同时出现。
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