2016年考研英语阅读必备技巧
(5)读关键词。注意文章中出现频率最高的词和短语。它们有时是相同的重复，有时以不同的形式出现，但是归根结底都是指同一事物或事情，因些就很可能是本篇短文的中心或关键问题或事物。关键词和词组能够使句与句、段与段之间的关系更加清楚，提供了要点之间的“桥梁”，给读者指明了“路子”，是贯穿全文的线索。
考生在浏览文章时抓住、抓准这些关键信息，就可以迅速理解文章的主要内容、缩短解题时间。
案例:
TheAmericaneconomic systemis organized around a basicallyprivate-enterprise,market-orientedeconomyin which consumers largelydetermine what shall beproduced by spending their money in the marketplace forthose goods and services that theywant most. Private businessmen, striving tomake profits, produce these goods and services incompetition with otherbusinessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitivepressures,largely determines how these goods and services are produced.Thus,in theAmerican economic systemit is the demand of individualconsumers, coupled with the desireof businessmen to maximize profits and thedesire of individuals to maximize theirincomes，that together determine what shall be produced and howresources are used toproduce it.
Animportant factor in amarket-orientedeconomyis the mechanism by whichconsumerdemands can be expressed and responded to by producers. IntheAmerican economy, thismechanism is provided by a price system, aprocess in which prices rise and fall in response torelative demands ofconsumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product isin shortsupply relative to the demand, the price will be bid up and someconsumers will be eliminatedfrom the market. If, on the other hand, producingmore of a commodity results in reducing itscost, this will tend to increasethe supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lowerthe price and permit moreconsumers to buy the product.Thus, price istheregulatingmechanism in the American economic system.
Theimportant factor in aprivate-enterpriseeconomyis that individual areallowed to ownproductive resources (private property), and they are permittedto hire labor, gain controlover natural resources, and produce goods andservices for sale at a profit.In the Americaneconomy,theconcept of private property embraces not only the ownership ofproductiveresources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the priceof aproduct or to make a free contract with another private individual.
这篇文章中的关键短语是American economic system，在文中多次反复出现，刚好它就是全文的写作对象。抓住了这个关键信息再加上“路标”词，文章的结构一目了然。
文章首句提出了含有写作对象的主题，即美国经济体制的特点是通过私有企业和市场导向起调节作用。末句thus后面是对主题的进一步阐释，分析和指出消费者的需求、企业家对最大利润的追求和个人对收入取得最大收益的渴望，共同决定着生产什么以及如何使用资源进行生产。第二段说明市场导向型经济的重要特点之一是价格机制。第三段说明私营经济的性质和特点是财产私有和同时拥有相关权利。
(6)读“路标”词。在阅读理解中有部分“虚词”比“实词”更重要，它们就是一些表示作者思路的过渡词、短语或句子，有利于作者思想的衔接和转折。抓住它们，考生就能够对全文的结构一目了然，就不会出现“词都认识，就是不知道全文在讲什么”的情况。它们就是在阅读行进过程中起指示作用的“路标”，随时提醒考生将要读到什么。
“路标”词按照功能可以分为：
①前进型。这一类词和词组起的是顺接、递进作用，指示读者继续往下看，其前后可能存在并列、递进、因果、解释等关系，往往接下来的可能是作者要强调的重要内容。
如：and, also, more, moreover, more than that, furthermore, likewise, equally important, first,second, in addition to, thus, so, therefore, consequently, accordingly, as a result 等。
②转弯型。这一类标志着前后两个句子或段落之间的转折或对比关系，读者要敏感地意识到后面出现的是与前面截然不同的事物或观点，从而对作者的思想进行预测。
如：but, yet, while, however, nevertheless, although, though, otherwise, despite, instead, onthe contrary, in contrast, notwithstanding等。
③终点型。这一类标志着下面的内容是对前面的概括和总结。
如：to conclude, to sum up, in sum, in conclusion, in short, in brief, on the whole等。
④其他。表示空间位置(near, far, beside, next to, above, on the side of, across, behind)、目的(forthis purpose, so that, in order to)、强调(indeed, in fact, surely, certainly, to be sure, I amcertain)、举例(for example, for instance, in particular)、条件(in that case, that being so, inthese circumstance, if, unless)等。
阅读水平的提高，更多地要靠在实际阅读的积累中得到的体会和感悟。只要同学们在掌握一定阅读技巧的基础上把历年真题做熟、做精，相信一定能考出理想的成绩!
以上就是今天小编为大家推荐的考研英语学习资料，希望同学们喜欢。
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