对外汉语学习：潜规则
导语：“潜规则”是相对于“元规则” 、“明规则”而言的。下面YJBYS小编对外讲解有关潜规则的知识，欢迎参考!
qián guī zé
潜规则
tacit rule, under-the-table practice
概念：
“Qián guīzé” shì xiāngduì yú “yuán guīzé”,“míng guīzé” ér yán de. Tā shì zhǐ kàn bùjiàn de, míngwén méiyǒu guīdìng de, yuēdìngsúchéng de, wú júxiàn xìng, què yòu shì guǎngfàn rèntóng, shíjì qǐ zuòyòng de, rénmen bìxū “zūnxún” de yī zhǒng guīzé, qí kě míbǔ míng guīzé bùzú zhī chù, hélǐ zhī chù yīngdāng yǔyǐ hóngyáng, bù hélǐ zhī chù jí yīng èshā yú yáolán zhī zhōng.
“潜规则”是相对于“元规则” 、“明规则”而言的。它是指看不见的、明文没有规定的，约定俗成的，无局限性，却又是广泛认同、实际起作用的，人们必须“遵循”的一种规则，其可弥补明规则不足之处，合理之处应当予以弘扬，不合理之处即应扼杀于摇篮之中。
"Unspoken rules" are relative to the "rules of the yuan", "rules" in terms of. It is invisible, expressly does not specify, convention, no limitations, but it is widely recognized, the actual role, people must "follow" a rule, which can make up for the lack of rules, reasonable Should be carried forward, unreasonable that should be killed in the cradle.
Tèdiǎn特点：
qián guīzé shì rénmen sīxià rènkě de xíngwéi yuēshù.
Zhè zhǒng xíngwéi yuēshù, yījù dāngshìrén shuāngfāng (gè fāng) gěi duìfāng dài lái lìyì huòzhě gěi duìfāng dài lái de shānghài nénglì, zài shèhuì xíngwéi zhǔtǐ de hùdòng zhōng zìfā xíngchéng, kěyǐ shǐ hùdòng gè fāng de chōngtú jiǎnshǎo, jiàngdī jiāoyì chéngběn.
Suǒwèi yuēshù jiùshì xíngwéi yuèjiè bì jiāng zhāozhì bàofù, duì zhè zhǒng lìhài hòuguǒ de gòngshì, qiánghuàle hùdòng gè fāng duì bǐcǐ xíngwéi de yùqí de wěndìng xìng.
Mǒu xiē zài shíjì shang dédào zūncóng de guījǔ, bèilíle zhèngyì guānniàn huò zhèngshì zhìdù guīdìng, qīnfànle zhǔliú yìshí xíngtài huò zhèngshì zhìdù suǒ wéihù de lìyì, yīncǐ bùdé bù yǐ yǐnbì de xíngshì cúnzài, dāngshìrén duì yǐnbì xíngshì běnshēn yěyǒu míngquè de rènkě.
Tōngguò zhè zhǒng yǐnbì, dāngshìrén jiāng zhèngshì guīzé de dàibiǎo píngbì yú júbù hùdòng zhī wài, huòzhě, jiāng dàibiǎo lā rù sīxià jiāoyì zhī zhōng, píngjiè zhè zhǒng sīxià de guīzé tìhuàn, huòqǔ zhèngshì guīzé suǒ bùnéng tígōng de lìyì.
Zài qián guīzé de shēngchéng guòchéng zhōng, dāngshìrén bìng bù zhǐshì jiāoyì de liǎng fāng, ér yīng jiā shàng dàibiǎo zhèngshì guīzé de dì sānfāng. Dāng shì shuāngfāng lìyòng qián guīzé jìnxíng sīxià jiāoyì de shíhòu, tāmen shíjì shang liánhé xíngchéngle yīgè duìkàng dì sānfāng zhèngshì dàibiǎo de liánméng (zhèngshì zhòngduō de ér qiángdà liánméng de xíngchéng, cái shǐdé qián guīzé jùyǒu chángqí de, qiángdà de shènzhì wěndìng de duìkàng nénglì.). Ér qián guīzé de “qián” běnshēn jiùshì yī zhǒng shēngcún cèlüè, tóngyàng yě biǎomíngliǎo gèng gāo céngcì de zhèng shì zhìdù hé guīzé de cúnzài.
特点
潜规则是人们私下认可的行为约束。
这种行为约束，依据当事人双方(各方)给对方带来利益或者给对方带来的伤害能力，在社会行为主体的'互动中自发形成，可以使互动各方的冲突减少，降低交易成本。
所谓约束就是行为越界必将招致报复，对这种厉害后果的共识，强化了互动各方对彼此行为的预期的稳定性。
某些在实际上得到遵从的规矩，背离了正义观念或正式制度规定，侵犯了主流意识形态或正式制度所维护的利益，因此不得不以隐蔽的形式存在，当事人对隐蔽形式本身也有明确的认可。
通过这种隐蔽，当事人将正式规则的代表屏蔽于局部互动之外，或者，将代表拉入私下交易之中，凭借这种私下的规则替换，获取正式规则所不能提供的利益。
在潜规则的生成过程中，当事人并不只是交易的两方，而应加上代表正式规则的第三方。当事双方利用潜规则进行私下交易的时候，他们实际上联合形成了一个对抗第三方正式代表的联盟(正是众多的而强大联盟的形成，才使得潜规则具有长期的、强大的甚至稳定的对抗能力。)。而潜规则的“潜”本身就是一种生存策略，同样也表明了更高层次的正式制度和规则的存在。
Feature
The unspoken rules are the behavioral constraints that are privately recognized.
This behavioral constraint, according to the parties (parties) to the other side to bring benefits to each other or to the other side of the damage, in the interaction of social actors in the spontaneous formation, can reduce the conflict between the parties to reduce transaction costs.
The so-called constraint is the behavior of the cross-border will lead to revenge, the consensus of this powerful consequences, to strengthen the interaction of the parties to each other's expected stability.
Some of the rules that are actually obeyed depart from the notion of justice or formal system, violating the interests of the mainstream ideology or formal system, and therefore have to exist in a hidden form, and the parties have a clear recognition of the hidden form itself The
Through this concealment, the parties shield the representatives of the formal rules from local interactions, or, in the case of private transactions, by virtue of such private rules, to obtain the benefits that formal rules can not provide.
In the process of generating the unspoken rules, the parties are not just the parties to the transaction, but should add a third party that represents the formal rules. When the parties use the unspoken rules for private transactions, they actually form a union against the official representative of the third party (it is the formation of a large number of powerful coalition, which makes the unspoken rules of long-term, strong and even stable Ability to fight. The "latent" of the unspoken rules is itself a survival strategy, and it also shows the existence of higher formal systems and rules.
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