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大学英语自学教程(上册) 笔记
The 10th lecture of College English one
Unit 8 Text B: What people Don’t Know about Air
We all know that without air, we couldn’t live. It’s like fish couldn’t live without water. But do you know if there weren’t air, we would have no sound, no wind or clouds? So if you are interested all of these, please read the text very carefully.
A.New words:
1.obvious: adj 明显的，obviously: adv
2.shelter: n/v 掩蔽、庇护；shelter from sth
3.atmosphere：n 大气；atmospheric: adj大气的
4.electrical: adj 电的、电气的；electricity: n 电；electrician: n 电工
5.existence: n 存在；exist: v存在
6.lightening: n 闪电，thunder:打雷；
7.unending: adj不尽的、不停的；ending
8.atomic: adj 原子的，atom: n 原子
9.explosion: n 爆炸、爆发；explode: v 爆炸；explosive: n 炸药、adj爆炸性的
B.Grammar point: Subjunctive Mood (2)
第一讲中介绍过在非真实条件句中的虚拟语气的主要用法，难点在于句子的时态比真实条件句的时态后退一步。即：现在时→过去时；过去时→过去完成时；将来时→过去将来时；在今天这讲中将继续将它在一些从句中的用法介绍给大家。
1在宾语从句中的用法：
1>.在suggest, insist, order, demand, request, command等含有希望、建议、命令等语气的宾语从句中。（*） 句型：主语 + should(省略) + 动词原形
a. I suggest that we (should) do it at once.
b. I insist that he (should) give up smoking.
2>.在wish后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，而其时态的用法与非真实条件句一样。（时态后移）
a.I wish I were you.(与现在事实相反的愿望)
b.I wish I had learned more. (与过去事实相反的愿望)
c.I wish I would have another chance. (与将来事实相反的愿望)
注意区分：wish + 从句：表示不可能实现的愿望，必须用虚拟语气；而hope + 从句：表示可能实现的愿望，不用虚拟语气。
a.He hopes we’ll go there with him.
b.He wishes we would go there with him.
3>.在would rather后的从句中. 句型：主语 + would rather + 从句（用一般过去时）
I would rather you stayed at home.
2.在主语从句中的用法。
在下列结构的主语从句中，谓语必须用虚拟语气。见课本p542。考试的考点时should的省略。
3.在表语从句和同位语从句中的用法。
当宾语从句中那些使用虚拟语气的动词的名词形式出现在表语从句和同位语从句中时，必须用虚拟语气。即，suggestion, order, insistence, demand, request etc.
a.My suggestion is that we (should) try again.(表语从句)
b.My suggestion that we (should) try again is accepted by them.（同位语从句）
4.在定语从句中的用法。
It is time + that + 主语 + 动词的过去时。
It is time that you left.
= It is tome for you to leave.
5.在含蓄条件句中的用法。
有时一个假设的情况并不是用条件从句表示，而用其它方式表示，称含蓄条件句。
1>.用with, without介词结构代替条件从句。
We might have died you without your help.= We might have died if you hadn’t helped us.
2>.用相当于if的其它连词表示虚拟结构。常见的连词有：otherwise, in that case, on condition that, provided that, but for, etc.
a.I was busy last week, otherwise I would have come to see you.
= I as very busy last week. If I hadn’t been busy, I would have come to see you.
b.But for the storm, we should have arrived early.
= If we hadn’t met the storm, we should have arrived early.
6.在错综时间条件句中的用法。
有时非真实条件句中，主句谓语动词所表示的动作和条件句中的谓语动词不是同时发生，这时可按照需要来调整各自的时间。
a. If you had followed the doctor’s advice then, you would have be all right now.
主句与从句发生的时间不同，进行调整。
b. If you had followed the doctor’s advice, you would have been all right then.
主句和从句的动作同时发生。
请注意：碰到这种从句要特别注意它的时间状语，必须明确给出时间，否则按同时发生使用。
7.虚拟语气的倒装与省略。
符合下列条件，可以省略if,并进行倒装。
①必须是非真实条件句。
②只有当从句中出现were, had, should时，才可省略if，并把这些词放在主语之前。
a.If I should meet her, I would tell her.
= Should I meet her, I would tell her.
b.If I were in your position, I would do it better.
= Were I in your position, I would do it better.
请阅读课本p539-p545，并完成课后练习。
看看本文中出现的虚拟语气句：
1. Without air, we could not exist.
2. If we didn’t have air, there would be no sound.
3. Without air, there would be no wind or clouds.
C. Important phrases in the text:
1.be important to sb(1段1行); 2.be forced to do(3段3行); 3.shelter from(3段3行); 4.consist of(5段1行); 5.rest upon(5段4行); 6.gazt at sth(6段5行); 7.in wonder(6段5行); 8.not…until(6段6行); 9.large amounts of(7段3行); 10. the same…as(8段3行); 11.learn to(9段1行); 12.in the meantime(9段3行); 13.pay attention to(9段4行); 14.add to(9段6行); 15.in order to(2段4行); 16.protect…from…(3段4行)
D.本文在写作时有一个非常明显的特点，运用了大量的同根词，即在这句话中出现的是动词，在下句中就出现它的名词或形容词。我们总结一下：
1.exist→existence; 2.atmosphere→atmospheric; 3.pressure→press; 4.weigh→weight; 5.electric→electrical,electricity
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