大学英语短文改错技巧

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大学英语短文改错技巧

　　短文改错是对语言知识综合运用能力的考查，检测考生发现、判断、纠正文章错误的能力，进而考查学生的词法、句法及行文逻辑等方面的水平。题目一般都设计的比较灵活，知识层次多，覆盖面广。改错词是其最主要的形式，约占60%，是考查的重点。下面是小编收集整理的大学英语短文改错技巧，希望对您有所帮助！

大学英语短文改错技巧

　　知识点分布

　　词法上：

　　①词的时态、语态、非谓语动词及情态动词的用法等；

　　②名词、代词的数、格；

　　③形容词、副词的比较等级；

　　④主谓语一致及其他的一致关系；

　　⑤连词、关系词的使用等。

　　句法上：

　　主要涉及简单句否定、疑问、倒装、省略、替代等变化。

　　行文逻辑上：

　　主要涉及人物的性别及与之相对应的物主代词、句义的并列与转折、时间的顺序、数量的增减以及因果的倒置等。

　　解题步骤

　　1.通读全文，了解大意

　　2.通过阅读全文，从宏观上把握文章的主旨、时态、人称，做到心中有数。

　　3.逐句推敲，仔细审查

　　4.仔细阅读每个句子，从语法角度审查

　　5.重读全文，完善答案

　　6.改完后对全文进行重新回顾，检查已修改的部分是否符合语法逻辑等。

　　检查对象

　　1. 句中各部分的结构是否完整，特别是每个句子要有动词；

　　2. 谓语动词的时态、语态；

　　3. 非谓语动词的用法；

　　4. 名词的单、复数，格的使用是否正确；

　　5. 定冠词和不定冠词是否正确；

　　6. 代词的格和性的使用是否有误；

　　7. 定语从句中关系代词、关系副词是否准确无误；

　　8. 并列句中的并列连词、主从复合句中的从属连词用的是否得当。

　　从语法角度审查

　　1. 查看时态是否一致

　　My favorite sport is football. I was a member of our football team.

　　全文都是用的一般现在时，此句中的was显然与上下文语境不符，应改为am。

　　2. 查看主谓是否一致

　　Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to borrow them.

　　cost应改为costs，因其主语是it(为形式主语)，且上下文均为一般现在时。

　　3. 查指代是否一致

　　The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.

　　句中的主语the Smiths表的是Smith一家人，因此指示代词his应改为their。

　　4. 查平行结构是否平行一致

　　由and, or, but, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also..., as well as等并列连词和词组连接的结构可称为平行结构。

　　It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home.

　　句中的drove显然与and前面的to meet不平行，应改为drive。

　　5. 查名词的单复数与修饰词语或上下文是否一致

　　We study quite a few subject, such as Maths, Chinese...

　　quite a few 只能修饰复数名词，故subject应改为subjects。

　　6. 查行文逻辑是否一致

　　Most people can quickly get help from a doctor or go to a hospital sincethey are ill.

　　根据行文逻辑，这里不该由since来引导原因状语从句，而应是when / whenever或if来引导时间或条件状语从句。

　　常见错误类型

　　1. 谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点

　　常见动词错误类型：

　　①一般现在时与一般过去时错用

　　②and前后动词时态不一致；

　　③主谓不一致；

　　④缺少动词，特别是be动词；

　　⑤第三人称单数形式错用；

　　⑥主动语态和被动语态错用。

　　They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies. (did改为do，错误类型属于①)

　　As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. (visiting改为visited，错误类型属于②)

　　One evening she told me that something happened when her parents was out. (was改为were，错误类型属于③)

　　There will an important game next month. (will后加be，错误类型属于④)

　　2.名词的常见错误：单复数名词错用，可数名词与不可数名词错用

　　I’ll get good marks in all my subject. (subject改为subjects)

　　Their word were a great encouragement to me. (word改为words)

　　Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well. (knowledges改为knowledge)

　　3.冠词错误：误用a和an（根据单词的第一个音素来判定）；误用a/an和the（固定搭配，或泛指、特指；多冠词或少冠词）

　　We maybe one family and live under a same roof. (a改为the，the same是固定搭配)

　　As everyone knows, it’s famous mountain with all kinds of pants. (mountain是可数名词需用冠词，所以其前加a)

　　I hope you have pleasant journey. (journey是可数名词，故have后加a)

　　4.形容词和副词错误：系动词（am/is/are/was/were/become/go）和感官性动词（smell/feel）后用形容词；词性的误用（形容词修饰名词；副词修饰动词和形容词）。

　　I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. (time是名词，要用形容词wonderful修饰)

　　My pronunciation was terribly. (was后用形容词，terribly改为terrible)

　　5. 代词错误：代词的主宾格（I/me；he/him；she/her；we/us；they/them）错误；反身代词（myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves）使用错误；代词的单数和复数使用错误；代词指代错误；多代词或少代词。

　　Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express mein simple English. (me改为myself)

　　One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher. (to前加it)

　　If anyone of us had any difficulty in our life and study, the other would help him out. (other后加-s)

　　What’s more, you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care ofhim. (him改为them)

　　6. 非谓语动词的常见错误：不定式、动名词作主语、宾语时；and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致；介词后用动名词形式作宾语；某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。

　　Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper. (enjoy后需接动名词，talk改为talking)

　　But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports. (go作主语，应改为going)

　　Children may not develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves. (介词后用动名词形式作宾语，read改为reading)

　　I particularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you and saw the changing colors of the leaves on the trees. (and连接的动名词前后不一致，故saw改为seeing)

　　7. 介词错误：词组中的介词误用；介词意思理解偏差；介词的多用或少用。

　　There are too many people among my family. (among改为in，in my family为固定搭配)

　　I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. (去掉at，the moment引导从句)

　　注意：

　　1.切忌改动原文的意思，一定要在看懂原文的基础上改错。

　　2.横线上改正后的单词一定要注意拼写正确，书写的清晰工整。

　　3.注重平时的积累，贵在坚持。

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