英语六级阅读理解应试技巧

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英语六级阅读理解应试技巧

　　(一)题干表现形式

英语六级阅读理解应试技巧

　　此类题目常见的题干表现形式有：

　　1. What does the author mean by saying "…"?

　　2. The word "…" is closet in meaning to …

　　3. By saying "…", the author means that …

　　4. According to the passage, "…" means …

　　5. The word "…" most probably means "…"

　　6. "…" means that …

　　7. The word "…" means …

　　8. The word "…" probably refers to …

　　9. According to the passage, "…" probably refers to …

　　10. By using the phrase "…", the author refers to …

　　(二)题型分析与应试技巧

　　语义理解题考查的是考生对阅读文章中出现的关键词、短语、句子含义的理解能力。完成这类题目时不能孤立地根据某个句子或短语作出判断，应把它放到上下文中去理解。

　　这类题目的考查方式通常为两种，一种是对单词和短语的考查，一种是对句子含义的考查。而对于文中单词的考查又无外乎两种情况：一种是多义常用词在特定语境中的具体含义；一类是可以根据上下文推测出含义的生僻词汇。无论是上述的哪一种情况，弄清上下文之间的逻辑和语义关系都是解题的关键。下面我们就介绍几种利用上下文线索来推测词义的方法：

　　1．利用定义或重述

　　一篇文章中，作者常会对关键词或难词用直接定义或简单明了的语言进行解释或重述。考生弄清了解释性文字的含义，也就明白了要考查单词的意思。

　　【例】（1997年1月Passage 3）

　　…

　　In the workplace, men have long had well-defined precedents and role models for achieving success. It has been otherwise for women. A good many women in the business world are uncertain about the appropriate mixture of "masculine" and "feminine" attributes they should convey by their professional clothing. The variety of clothing alternatives to women has also been greater than that available for men. Male administrators tend to judge women more favorably for managerial positions when the women display less "feminine" grooming (打扮) — shorter hair, moderate use of make-up, and plain tailored clothing.

　　…

　　Q: The word "precedent" (Para.4) probably refers to ____.

　　［A］ early acts for men to follow as examples

　　［B］ particular places for men to occupy especially because of their importance

　　［C］ things that men should agree upon

　　［D］ men’s beliefs that everything in the world has already been decided

　　2．利用相关信息

　　一部分生词，考生可以利用上下文中给出的相关信息作为线索进行推测。

　　【例】（2003年9月Passage 4）

　　…

　　If sufficient rest is not included in a training program, imbalance between excess training and inadequate rest will occur, and performance will decline. The "over-training syndrome(综合症)" is the name given to the collection of emotional, behavioral, and physical symptoms due to over-training that has persisted for weeks to months. It is marked by cumulative exhaustion that persists even after recovery periods.

　　…

　　Q: By "over-training" the author means ____.

　　［A］ a series of physical symptoms that occur after training

　　［B］ undue emphasis on the importance of physical exertion

　　［C］ training that is not adequately compensated for by rest

　　［D］ training that has exceeded an athlete’s emotional limits

　　3. 利用比较、对比关系

　　作者有时会用一些表示转折（but, however）或顺承关系（like, as）的词，使上下文形成比较、对照关系，从这些相似或相对的信息中，考生不难找到推测词义的线索。

　　【例1】（1999年6月Passage 2）

　　…

　　We must recognize that environmental health issues do not stop at city limits, county lines, state or even federal boundaries. We can no longer afford to be tunnel-visioned in our approach. We must visualize issues from every perspective to make the objective decisions. We must express our views clearly to prevent media distortion and public confusion.

　　…Q: The word "tunnel-visioned" ( Para.4) most probably means "____".

　　［A］ narrow-minded

　　［B］ blind to the facts

　　［C］ short-sighted

　　［D］ able to see only one aspect

　　【例2】（1995年6月passage 2)

　　Beauty has always been regarded as something praiseworthy. Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier, have better marriages and have more respectable occupations. Personal consultants give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attractive defendants(被告). But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability.

　　…Q： The word "liability" most probably means "____".

　　［A］ misfortune

　　［B］ instability

　　［C］ disadvantage

　　［D］ burden4. 利用实例

　　列举实例是作者常用的一种写作方法，它常常跟在生词、难词、短语或句子的后面用以解释或重申上文的内容。考生理解了例子的用意也就弄清了所考语汇的含义。

　　【例】（1993年6月Passage 1）

　　…

　　Living at home, says Knighton, a school teacher, continues to give her security and moral support. Her mother agreed, "It’s ridiculous for the kids to pay all that money for rent. It makes sense for kids to stay at home." But sharing the family home requires adjustments for all. There are hassles over bathrooms, telephones and privacy (不受干扰的生活). Some families, however, manage the delicate balancing act. But for others, it proves too difficult. Michelle Dfel Turco, 24, has been home three times—and left three times. " What I considered a social drink, my dad considered an alcohol problem," he explains. "He never liked anyone I dated(约会)，so I either had to hide away or meet them at friends house.

　　Q: The word "hassles" in the Passage probably means.

　　［A］ agreements

　　［B］ disadvantages

　　［C］ worries

　　［D］ quarrels（结合后面的实例，不难得出该单词的意思为“争吵”）

　　(三)选项分析

　　1.正确选项的特点

　　1) 正确选项往往是所考词汇或句子的同义转换；

　　2) 如果考查的是熟词，与上下文意义一致的解释往往是正确选项；

　　3) 考查句意的题，含有不肯定语气词，或意义解释深刻的往往是正确选项。

　　2．干扰项特点：

　　1)与所考查的词汇形似；

　　2)含有该词常规含义；

　　3)与该词意义无关或相反；

　　4)对句子的释义太宽或太窄。

　　(四)考点分布

　　1．含有指示代词的句中，常有被考查的语汇

　　【例】（2003年6月Passage 1）

　　The cult(推崇) of lecturing dully, like the cult of writing dully, goes back, of course, some years. Edward Shils, professor of sociology, recalls the professors he encountered at the University of Pennsylvania in his youth. They seemed a priesthood, rather uneven in their merits but uniform in their bearing; they never referred to anything personal. Some read from old lecture notes and then haltingly explained the thumb worn last lines. Others lectured from cards that had served for years, to judge by the worn edges … The teachers began on time, ended on time, and left the room without saying a word more to their students, very seldom being detained by questioners … The classes were not large, yet there was no discussion. No questions were raised in class, and there were no office hours.

　　Q: By saying "They seemed ‘a priesthood, rather uneven in their merits but uniform in their bearing …’"(Lines 3-4, Para. 4 ), the author means that ____.

　　［A］ there is no fundamental difference between professors and priests though they differ in their merits

　　［B］professors at the University of Pennsylvania used to wear black suits which made them look like priests

　　［C］ professors are a group of professionals that differ in their academic ability but behave in the same way

　　［D］ professors are like priests wearing the same kind of black gown but having different roles to play

　　2．一词多义的常见词或词组易考

　　【例】（1996年6月Passage 4）

　　…

　　No man ever looks at the world with pristine（未受外界影响的）eyes. He sees it edited by a definite set of customs and institutions and ways of thinking， Even in his philosophical probing he cannot go behind these stereotypes（固定的模式）; his very concepts of the true and the false will still have reference to his particular traditional customs. John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in shaping the behavior of the individual as over against any way in which he can affect traditional custom, is as the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue over against those words of his own baby talk that are taken up into the language of his family. When one seriously studies social orders that have had the opportunity to develop independently, the figure（这种比喻）becomes no more than an exact and matter of fact observation, the life history of the individual is first and foremost an adjustment to the patterns and standards traditionally handed down in his community. From the moment of his birth the customs into which he is born shape his experience and behavior. By the time he can talk, he is the little creature of his culture, and by the time he is grown and able to take part in its activities，its habits are his habits, its beliefs his beliefs, its impossibilities his impossibilities.

　　Q: The word "custom" in this passage most probably means ____.

　　［A］ the concept of the true and the false of a society

　　［B］the independently developed social orders

　　［C］the adjustment of the individual to the new social environment

　　［D］the patterns and standards of behavior of a community

　　3.对比处常考

　　【例】（1998年1月Passage1) Almostinvariably,thebetterlookingthepersoninthepicture,thehigherthepersonisrated.Inthephrase,borrowedfromSappho,thatthesocialscientistsusetosumupthecommonperception,whatisbeautifulisgood.Inbusiness,however,goodlookscutbothwaysforwomen,anddeeperthanformen.AUtahStateUniversityprofessor,whoisanauthorityonthesubject,explains:Intermsoftheircareers,theimpactofphysicalattractivenessonmalesisonlymodest.Butitspotentialimpactonfemalescanbetremendous,makingiteasier,forexample,forthemoreattractivetogetjobswheretheyareinthepubliceye.Onanothernote,though,thereisenoughliteraturenowforustoconcludethatattractivewomenwhoaspire(求)tomanagerialpositionsdonotgetonaswellaswomenwhomaybelessattractive.

　　Q:"Goodlookscutbothwaysforwomen"meansthat____.

　　［A］attractivewomenhavetremendouspotentialimpactonpublicjobs

　　［B］good-lookingwomenalways&nbs

　　怎样解答六级阅读理解中的语意理解题

　　p;getthebestofeverything

　　［C］beingattractiveisnotalwaysanadvantageforwomen(美貌双重作用的进一步说明)

　　［D］attractivewomendonotdoaswellasunattractivewomeninmanagerialpositions

　　4.复杂句常考

　　复杂句由于其句子结构复杂，句子之间的指代关系复杂等特点，常成为考查考生理解能力的一种手段。

　　【例】（1997年6月Passage1）

　　…

　　Themanufacturerwhoincreasestheunitpriceofhisproductbychanginghispackagesizetolowerthequantitydeliveredcan,withoutunduehardship,puthisproductintoboxes,bags,andtinsthatwillcontaineven4ounce,8ounce,onepound,twopoundquantitiesofbreakfastfoods,cakemixes,etc.Astudyofdrugstore(杂货店)andsupermarketshelveswillconvinceanyobserverthatallpossiblesizeandshapesofboxes,jars,bottles,andtinsareinuseatthesametime,and,asthepackagejournalsshow,weekbyweek,thereisneveranyhesitationinintroducinganewsizeandshapeofboxorbottlewhenitaidsinproductdifferentiation.Theproducersofpackagedproductsarguestronglyagainstchangingsizesofpackagestocontainevenweightsandvolumes,butnooneinthetradecommentsunfavorablyonthehugecostsincurredbyendlesschangesofpackagesizes,materials,shape,artwork,andnetweightsthatareusedforimprovingaproduct’smarketposition.

　　…

　　Q:Theword"undue"means"____".

　　［A］improper

　　［B］adequate

　　［C］unexpected

　　［D］excessive

　　注：undue所在句子的大意为：那些食品生产商无需费多大力气就可以把产品包装改为盒式的、袋式的或者听式的，包装为4盎司、8盎司、1磅或2磅等。这样，他们通过改变包装尺寸，减少包装含量进而达到提高食品单价的目的。

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