2016英语四级时态汇总

　　想要学好英语四级怎么能不知道这些时态呢?下面就让小编为大家详解一下吧。

2016英语四级时态汇总

　　1. 一般现在时

　　基本形式(以do为例)：

　　第三人称单数：does(主语为非第三人称单数); 肯定句：主语+动词原形+其他; He works for us.

　　否定句：主语+don„t/doesn't+动词原形+其他; He doesn't work for us.

　　一般疑问句：Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他。

　　肯定回答：Yes，(+ 主语+do/does).

　　否定回答：No，(+主语+don't/doesn't.)

　　特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句语

　　Does he work for us? Yes, he does. No, he doesn't

　　What does he do for us? He works for us.

　　2. 现在进行时(be doing)

　　用法：现在正在进行的动作。

　　主语+be+v.ing〔现在分词〕形式(其中v表示动词)

　　表示现在正在进行的动作或最近在做的事。

　　例如：I am buying a book. 第一人称+am+doing+sth

　　第二人称+are+doing +sth (doing是泛指所有的v-ing形式)

　　第三人称+is+doing+sth 例：He is working.

　　3. 现在完成时(have done)

　　基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done)

　　①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他

　　②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他

　　③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他

　　④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词+其他\ He has worked for us for ten years. Has he worked for us for ten years.

　　4. 现在完成进行时

　　现在完成进行时(have been doing)

　　用法：表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间，延续或重复地出现至今，或将继续延续至将来。

　　例：We have been working on this project for over a month now.(到目前为止，我们一直在处理那个项目，已经花了一个多月时间了。)

　　注意事项：与现在完成时相比，现在完成进行时更强调：在从过去到现在的时间里，动作或状态一直持续或一直反复出现。

　　例：1997年6月四级第45 题

　　It seems oil ___________ from this pipe for some time. We'll have to take the machine apart to put it right.

　　A) had leaked B) is leaking

　　C) leaked D) has been leaking

　　从本题上下文看，这两个句子的意思是：“看来，这个管道漏油已有一段时间了，我们将不得不拆卸机器排除故障。”第二句表示将要采取的措施。第一句动作发生在第二句之前，并且延续到现在为止仍在继续。因此，空格中需用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。D) has been leaking是现在完成进行时，因此是本题的答案。有11%的考生误选了B) is leaking。由于本句有时间状语for some time，表示谓语动作延续，谓语不能用现在进行时，必须用和完成时有关的时态。有些考生误选了C) leaked或A) had leaked。是因为他们没有注意到本题第二句是一般将来时，所以第一句的谓语不能用过去时或过去完成时。

　　5. 一般过去时be动词+行为动词的过去式.

　　否定句式：在行为动词前加didn„t，同时还原行为动词，或was/were+not; was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did提问，同时还原行为动词

　　例如： Did he work for us? He didn't work for us. He worked for us.

　　6. 过去完成时(had done)

　　基本结构：主语+had+过去分词(done)

　　①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词+其他

　　②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词+其他

　　③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+其他肯定回答：Yes,主语+had 否定回答：No,主语+hadn't

　　④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(had+主语+过去分词+其他) 语法判定:

　　( 1 ) by + 过去的时间点。如：

　　I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. ( 2 ) by the end of + 过去的时间点。如：

　　We had learnt over two thousand English words by the end of last term.

　　( 3 ) before + 过去的时间点。如：

　　They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.

　　7. 过去将来时

　　过去将来时(would/ should do)

　　用法：表示从过去的某个时间看将要发生的事。

　　be(was，were)going to+动词原形

　　be(was，were)about to+动词原形

　　be(was，were)to+动词原形

　　肯定句：主语+be(was，were)going to+动词原形～.

　　否定句：主语+be(was，were)not going to+动词原形～.

　　疑问句：Be(Was，Were)+主语+going to+动词原形～?

　　肯定句：主语+would(should)+动词原形～.

　　否定句：主语+would(should)not+动词原形～.

　　疑问句：Would(Should)+主语+动词原形～?

　　He would work for us.

　　例：I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.(我星期四说我将于第二天拜访我的朋友。)

　　8. 过去进行时

　　过去进行时(was/ were doing)

　　肯定句：主语+was/were+doing+其它

　　否定句：主语+was/were+not+doing+其它

　　一般疑问句及答语：Was/Were+主语+doing+其它 ;答语：Yes,I主语+was/were./No,I主语+wasn't/weren't.

　　特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+doing+其它 He was working when he was alive.

　　9. 一般将来时

　　am/are/is+going to+do 或 will/shall+do

　　am/is/are/about to + do am/is/are to + do;

　　一般将来时的表达方法 be going to +动词原形

　　be +不定式,be to+动词原形,be about to +动词原形

　　be able to +不定式 be about to+动词原形 will + 动词原形;

　　例如：He is going to work for us. He will work for us;

　　He is coming.这是特殊的用一般现在时表达将来时态的例子!!

　　例：1999年6月四级第65题

　　I was _______ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.

　　A) in B) to C) at D) on

　　答案是D)。on the point of doing 是固定词组，意思是“正要、打算”。全句的意思是：“当他的信到的时候我正要打电话给他。”

　　注意事项：

　　在以if, when, as long as, as soon as, after, before, in case, until, unless等连词以及具有连词作用的副词(immediately, the moment, directly)等引导的状语从句，一般用现在时代替将来时。强调延续性或动态时，可用完成时。

　　例：I hope his health will have improved by the time you come back next year.(我希望到明年你回来的时候，他的身体已经好多了。)

　　10. 将来进行时

　　将来进行时(will be doing)

　　用法：强调在将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或事情。

　　主语+will + be +现在分词

　　He will be working for us.=He will work for us.

　　例：Don't worry, you won't miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.(别担心，你不会认不出她的。她到时会穿一件红色的T恤衫和一条白色的短裙。)

　　注意事项：由于本时态是由将来时和进行时融合在一起的，所以关于本时态的注意事项，可参考"一般将来时"和"现在进行时"的有关注意事项。

　　11. 将来完成时

　　(shall)will+have+动词过去分词

　　before+将来时间或by+将来时间

　　before或by the time引导的现在时的从句

　　He will have worked for us.=He will work for us.

　　12)将来完成进行时

　　主语+ shall/will have been doing

　　例：By the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years. (到下个月底为止，这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。)(被动语态)

　　He will have been working for us.=He will work for us.

　　翻译为：他最近一直在为我们工作(过去在工作，现在在工作，将来还会工作)

　　13)过去完成进行时

　　had been +-ing 分词

　　例：He said that he had been working for us for ten years.=He said that he had worked for us for ten years.

　　14) 过去将来进行时

　　should(would)+be+现在分词

　　He said that he would be working for us.=He said that he would work for us.

　　例：The government promised that a new highway would be being built next July.(政府承诺说第二年7月将有一条新的高速公路正在修建。)(此句的时间状语是具体的将来时间，所以最好用将来进行时。)(此句为被动语态)

　　15) 过去将来完成时

　　should+have been+现在分词用于第一人称

　　would have been+现在分词用于其他人称

　　例：I believed by the end of that year an advanced version of that software would have been developed, but I was wrong.(我坚信到那年年底为止，那个软件的新版本将被开发出来。但是我错了。)(此句为被动语态)

　　16) 过去将来完成进行时

　　过去将来完成进行时：should have been doing , would have been doing

　　例：They said that by the end of the following month, the project would have been being worked for 3 years. (他们说到第二个月底为止，这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。)

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