2017年12月英语四级阅读模拟套题及答案

　　英语四级阅读选词填空

　　What determines the kind of person you are? What factors make you more or less bold, intelligent, or able to read a map? All of these are influenced by the interaction of your genes and the environment in which you were __1__. The study of how genes and environment interact to influence __2__ activity is known as behavioral genetics. Behavioral genetics has made important __3__ to the biological revolution, providing information about the extent to which biology influences mind, brain and behavior.

　　Any research that suggests that __4__ to perform certain behaviors are based in biology is controversial. Who wants to be told that there are limitations to what you can __5__ based on something that is beyond your control, such as your genes? It is easy to accept that genes control physical characteristics such as sex, race and eye color. But can genes also determine whether people will get divorced, how __6__ they are, or what career they are likely to choose? A concern of psychological scientists is the __7__ to which all of these characteristics are influenced by nature and nurture(养育), by genetic makeup and the environment. Increasingly, science __8__ that genes lay the groundwork for many human traits. From this perspective, people are born __9__ like undeveloped photographs: The image is already captured, but the way it __10__ appears can vary based on the development process. However, the basic picture is there from the beginning.

　　[A] abilities

　　[B] achieve

　　[C] appeal

　　[D] complaints

　　[E] contributions

　　[F] displayed

　　[G] essentially

　　[H] eventually

　　[I] extent

　　[J] indicates

　　[K] proceeds

　　[L] psychological

　　[M] raised

　　[N] smart

　　[O] standard

　　答案解析：

　　1. [M] raised raise在这里的意思是"养育"，the environment in which you were raised 意思是"你成长的环境"。

　　2. [L] psychological "psychological activity"意思是"心理活动"，全句意思是"研究基因和外部环境如何相互作用影响人心理活动的学科被称为行为遗传学"。

　　3. [E] contributions "make contributions to"为固定搭配，意为"为……做贡献"。

　　4. [A] abilities "ability to …"意思是"做某事的能力"，在此处，全句意思是"任何一篇宣称人类做出某种行为的能力是基于生物学的研究都是有争议的"。

　　5. [B] achieve "limitations to what you can achieve"意思是"对你所能达到的水平的限制"。

　　6. [N] smart 此处需填一个形容词，而且用来形容人，根据题意，smart符合题意，表示"机灵，可爱"。

　　7. [I] extent 此处填extent，主要是因为后面有to，"to the extent …"译为"……的程度"。

　　8. [J] indicates indicate 意思是"表明，显示"。全句意为"越来越多的科学(现象)表明基因对人类很多特征有基础作用"。

　　9. [G] essentially essentially 的意思是"实际上，本质上"。全句意为"从这个角度来讲，人一出生，本质上就像是还没洗出来的.照片：相已经照了，但是最终会呈现多少就在于显影的过程了"。

　　10. [H] eventually eventually 副词，意思是"最终，最后"。

　　英语四级阅读段落匹配

　　Directions：In this section，you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

　　Driver’s License Test Tips

　　A.This article will provide you with some simple tips for passing your driver’s license test.Adequate preparation is absolutely essential，without which any number of driver’s license test tips will be redundant.

　　B.Getting a driver’s license is a big step in anyone’s life.It gives an individual the luxury to drive a car anytime he or she pleases，as driving without passing a driver’s license test is against the law.

　　For some people，the stress can be too much to handle and as a result they may mess up on the driver’s license test.There are some simple driver’s license test tips that anyone can follow,to be assured of passing the test and getting their driver’s license.

　　C.The most important of all the tips for passing your driver’s license test is to be prepared.This can only be achieved by you through hours and hours of sincere and diligent practice.If you are not sufficiently prepared for your driver’s license test，all the driver’s license tips for passing your driver’slicense test will be utterly pointless and redundant.You can read as many drivers’license test tips as you want，but if you are not practicing enough，then all these driving test tips will be in vain.Enroll ing yourself in driving schools is advisable for this purpose.

　　D.Now，if you’re wondering how to prepare for your driving test，the first thing you need to know is what the driving test instructors and officials are going to be looking for.The following are the qualities that the instructors will be on the lookout for and also the parameters that the scoring will be conducted on.

　　E)Starting the vehicle：The instructor will be observing you right from the time you start the vehicle.

　　He will note if you tum your head to look back and if you follow all the safety regulations that are required to be followed while starting a vehicle.Here are some tips on learning to drive a car.

　　F)Control of the vehicle：He will pay close attention to how much control you actually have over the vehicle.Your abilities with the gas pedal，the brake，the steering wheel and other controls will be scrutinized.

　　G)Steering：Not many road test tips stress on the importance of steering.This quality is closely analyzed by the instructor and obviously if your steering is wayward(任性的)，the chances of passing the driver’s license test are very slim.

　　H)Driving in traffic：Keeping calm and avoiding panic attacks while driving in traffic is of utmost importance.Many people get extremely stressed and nervous，when they are in the midst of traffic and one of the very crucial tips to pass road test for driver’s license is to stay calm and composed when driving in traffic.Also read more on road safety and car safety.

　　I)Traffic signs and lane discipline：This is another area that the instructors will be rating you on.Your ability to observe lane discipline and your recognition of the various traffic signs plays a major role in your passing the test.Keep these driver’s license test tips in mind to pass the test in your veryfirst attempt.

　　J)Stopping：Stopping the car smoothly and at the right place is a critical skill to have.When the in. structor asks you to stop the car，the timing，the positioning and the technique of doing so are important driving test tips to bear in mind.

　　K)Backing up and distance judgment：Your backing up skills and your ability to judge the distances between your vehicle and other entities will also be carefully scrutinized.If you cannot back up your vehicle satisfactorily ,parking would be very troublesome for you and a major source of hazard to you and to others around you. L)Hill parking：One of the essential tips for passing your driver’s license test is to master the art of hill parking.This is not as easy as it seems and can become a major source of anxiety in a driver.If you can display good skills at hill parking，it proves that you have developed good control over the vehicle.

　　M)Arm signals and driving etiquette：Another aspect that you will be judged on is your efficiency at giving the right arm signals at the right time.Your respect for other drivers on the road and the amount of courtesy you show them also plays a part in your final rating on the driver’s license test.

　　Read more about defensive driving techniques and tips and defensive driving courses.

　　N)Drivers who are well aware and informed about all the rules and regulations that need to be followed have a beRer chance of clearing their driver’s license test.The primary goal of these driver，slicense test tips is to instill(慢慢灌输)a responsible and mature frame of mind in every individual.These road test tips will be pointless unless you develop a calm demeanor and tmless you are aware of all the rules that must be followed while driving.

　　O)Here are a few more basic drivers’license test tips that you should keep in mind when vou，re leaming how to prepare for your driving test.Always use the restroom before your test begins.Not doing so will cause more anxiety during the test.Memorize all the traffic signs and their significance well in advance before the test.Use your rear view mirrors efficiently and regularly.Ensure that you are well on time for your test and are carrying all the required documents and paperwork.Get adequate sleep the previous night and do not give the test with an empty stomach.Stick to the permitted speed limit.Do not drive too fast and do not drive too slow either.

　　P)Passing a driver’s license test is not simple and unless you are well versed in driver education.You could face a lot of difficulties.At the end of the day,remember that the instructors also want you to pass the test，so do your best to stay calm and composed and believe in your ability to pass the test.

　　This cannot be reinstated enough，but the key to passing your driver’s license test is practice.

　　46.According to this article，the importance of steering is emphasized by not many road test tips.

　　47.Your timing，positioning and technique should be considered by yourself when you stoD your test car.

　　48.Some people may fail their driver’s license tests because they have too much stress.

　　49.Hill parking as one of the essential tips for your license test seems easV.

　　50.The tips in this article primarily aimed at instilling a responsible and mature frame of mind in you.

　　51.In order to pass your driver’s license test.you should practice.

　　52.Your driver’s license test begins in practice when you start your test car.

　　53.During the preparation process，a few more basic tips should be kept in mind.

　　54.You should sleep adequately the night before your test.

　　55.A lot of difficulties could be faced if you are not well versed in driver education.

　　答案：

　　48.Some people may fail their driver’S license tests because they have too much stress.

　　有些人可能没有通过驾照考试，是因为压力太大。

　　【解析】B)。细节题。根据句中的fail their driver’S license tests可将答案定位于文章B)段第三句话，有些人可能没有通过驾照考试，是因为压力太大。

　　49.Hill parking as one of the essential tips for your license test seems easy.

　　作为对你在驾照考试中的一个重要建议，斜坡停车看起来很简单。

　　【解析】L)。细节题。根据句中hillparkin9可将答案定位于L)段第二句话，通过驾照考试的一个必要提示就是要掌握斜坡停车的技巧。这并不像看起来那么简单，可能会成为驾驶中一件非常令人忧心的事。

　　50.The tips in this article primarily aimed at instilling a responsible and mature flame of mind in you.

　　文中指导的主要目的是将负责、成熟的心境慢慢灌输给你。

　　【解析】N)。细节题。根据句中primarily aimed at可将答案定位于N)段第二句话，flame ofmind为“心绪，心境，心情”，驾照考试指南的首要目标是将负责、成熟的心境慢慢灌输给每一个人。

　　5 1.In order to pass your driver’S license test.you should practice.

　　为了通过驾照考试，你应该进行练习。

　　【解析】C)。细节题。根据句中的practice可将答案定位于文章C)段第一句话，在所有的通过驾照考试的建议中，最重要的是考试准备。这只能通过一小时接一小时的认真和勤奋的练习才能够实现。

　　52.Your driver’S license test begins in practice when you start your test car.

　　当你发动了考试车时，实际上你的驾照考试就开始了。

　　【解析】 E)。推理题。根据句中begin可将答案定位于E)段第一句话，文中提到从你启动车子的那一刻起，教练就开始观察你了。

　　53.During the preparation process，a few more basic tips should be kept in mind.

　　在准备的过程中，有一些最基本的建议应该记在脑子里。

　　【解析】 O)。根据句中a fewmorebasic tips可将答案定位于O)段，keep inmind为固定搭配，指“牢记”。

　　这里有一些更加基本的驾照考试建议，在学习如何准备驾驶考试时，你应该牢记于心。

　　54.You should sleep adequately the night before your test.

　　在考前那个晚上你应该睡眠充足。

　　【解析】O)。根据句中sleep可将答案定位于O)段，文中使用的是adequate sleep，这里用的是副词形式。

　　前一晚保证充足的睡眠，而且不要空着肚子去参加考试。

　　55.A lot of difficulties could be faced if you are not well versed in driver education.

　　如果你不精通驾驶教育，你会面临很多困难。

　　【解析】P)。根据句中driver education和a lot ofdifficulties可将答案定位于本文P)段第一句话。Be Versedin指“精通于”。想通过驾照考试并不简单，除非你很精通驾驶教育，否则你会面临许多困难。

　　英语四级仔细阅读一

　　There is evidence that the usual variety of high blood pressure is, in part, a familial disease. Since families have similar genes as well as similar environments, familial diseases could be due to shared genetic influences, to shared environmental factors, or to both. For some years, the role of one

　　environment factor commonly shared by families, namely dietary salt (i.e., sodium chloride), has been studied at Brookhaven National Laboratory. These studies suggest that long excess salt intake can lead to high blood pressure in man and animals. Some individuals, however, and some rats consume large amounts of salt without developing high blood pressure. No matter how strictly all environmental factors were controlled in these experiments, some salt-fed animals never developed hypertension whereas a few rapidly developed very severe hypertension followed by early death. These marked variations were interpreted to result from differences in genetic constitution.

　　By mating long successive generations of those animals that failed to develop hypertension from salt intake, a resistant strain (the " R" strain) has been evolved in which consumption of large quantities of salt fails to influence the blood pressure significantly. In contrast, by mating only animals that quickly develop hypertension from salt, sensitive strain (the "S" strain) has also been developed.

　　The availability of these two strains permits investigations possible. They provide a plausible laboratory model on which to investigate some clinical aspects of the human hypertension. More important, there might be the possibility of developing methods by which genetic susceptibility (敏感性) of human beings to high blood pressure can be defined without waiting for its appearance. Radioactive sodium 22 was an important "tool" in working out the characteristics of the sodium chloride metabolism.

　　21. The study of the effects of salt on high blood pressure was carried out_______.

　　A. as members of the same family tend to use similar amounts of salt

　　B. to explore the long-term use of a sodium based substance

　　C. because it was proven that salt caused high blood pressure

　　D. because of the availability of chemically pure salt and its derivatives

　　22. The main difference between "S" and "R" rats is their_______.

　　A. need for sodium 22 B. rate of mating

　　C. reaction to salt D. type of blood

　　23. We can infer from the article that sodium 22 can be used to_______.

　　A. control high blood pressure

　　B. cure high blood pressure caused by salt

　　C. tell the "S" rats from the "R" rats

　　D. determine what a sodium chloride metabolism is like

　　24. The most beneficial results of the research might be_______.

　　A. development of diets free of salt

　　B. an early cure for high blood pressure

　　C. control of genetic agents that cause high blood pressure

　　D. the early identification of potential high blood pressure victims

　　25. Which of the statements best relates the main idea of this article?

　　A. When salt is added rats and human beings react similarly.

　　B. The near future will see a cure for high blood pressure.

　　C. The medical field is desperately in need of research.

　　D. A tendency toward high blood pressure may be a hereditary factor.

　　参考答案：

　　21. A 22. C 23. D 24. D 25. D

　　英语四级仔细阅读二

　　"Culture shock" occurs as a result of total immersion (浸没) in a new culture. It happens to "people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad. " Newcomers may be anxious because they do not speak the language, know the customs, or understand people's behavior in daily life. The visitor finds that "yes" may not always mean "yes", that friendliness does not necessarily mean friendship, or that statements that appear to be serious are really intended as jokes. The foreigner may be unsure as to when to shake hands, when to start conversations, or how to approach a stranger. The notion of "culture shock" helps explain feelings of bewilderment and disorientation. Language problems do not account for all the frustrations that people feel. When one is deprived of everything that was once so familiar, such as understanding a transportation system, knowing how to register for university classes, or knowing how to make friends, difficulties in coping with the new society may arise.

　　"... when an individual enters a strange culture, he or she is like fish out of water, " Newcomers feel at times that they do not belong to and feel alienated from the native members of the culture. When this happens visitors may want to reject everything about the new environment and may glorify and exaggerate the positive aspects of their own culture. Conversely visitors may scorn their native country by rejecting its values and instead choosing to identify with (if only temporarily) the value of the new country. This may occur as an attempt to over-identify with the new culture in order to be accepted by the people in it.

　　26. The expression "he or she is like fish out of water" suggests_______.

　　A. people away from their cultures can hardly survive in a new culture

　　B. a fish can not survive without water

　　C. people away from their culture experience mental isolation

　　D. people away from their culture have difficulties in their studies

　　27. In order to identify with the new environment, some people may_______.

　　A. give an exaggerated picture of their own country

　　B. criticize the positive aspects of their own country

　　C. abandon their original beliefs

　　D. accept a temporary set of values

　　28. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the author?

　　A. Homesickness results in culture shock.