2017年6月大学英语四级模拟试题
Section C Passage
Directions： In this section， you will hear three passages。 At the end of each passage， you will hear three or four questions。 Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once。 After you hear a question， you must choose
the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C)and D)。Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre。
Drections:Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Question 16
A) The card got damaged.
B) The card was found invalid.
C) The card reader failed to do the scanning.
D) The card reader broke down unexpectedly.
Question 17
A) By covering the credit card with a layer of plastic.
B) By calling the credit card company for confirmation.
C) By seeking help from the card reader maker Verifone.
D) By typing the credit card number into the cash register.
Question 18
A) Affect the sales of high-tech appliances.
B) Change the lifestyle of many Americans.
C) Give birth to many new technological inventions.
D) Produce many low-tech fixes for high-tech failures.
Drections: Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Question 19
A) They are set by the dean of the graduate school.
B) They are determined by the advising board.
C) They leave much room for improvement.
D) They vary among different departments.
Question 20
A) By consulting the examining committee.
B) By reading the Bulletin of Information.
C) By contacting the departmental office.
D) By visiting the university's website.
Question 21
A) They specify the number of credits students must earn.
B) They are harder to meet than those for undergraduates.
C) They have to be approved by the examining committee.
D) They are the same among various divisions of the university.
Drections: Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Question 22
A) Students majoring in nutrition.
B) Students in health classes.
C) Ph.D. candidates in dieting.
D) Middle and high school teachers.
Question 23
A) Its overestimate of the effect of dieting.
B) Its mistaken conception of nutrition.
C) Its changing criteria for beauty.
D) Its overemphasis on thinness.
Question 24
A) To illustrate her point that beauty is but skin deep.
B) To demonstrate the magic effect of dieting on women.
C) To explain how computer images can be misleading.
D) To prove that technology has impacted our culture.
Question 25
A) To persuade girls to stop dieting.
B) To promote her own concept of beauty.
C) To establish an emotional connection with students.
D) To help students rid themselves of bad living habits.
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
Contrary to popular belief, older people generally do not want to live with their children. Moreover, most adult children __26__ every bit as much care and support to their aging parents as was the case in the "good old days", and most older people do not feel __27__ .
About 80% of people 65 years and older have living children, and about 90% of them have __28__ contact with their children. About 75% of elderly parents who don't go to nursing homes live within 30 minutes of at least one of their children.
However, __29__ having contact with children does not guarantee happiness in old age. In fact, some research has found that people who are most involved with their families have the lowest spirits. This research may be __30__ , however, as ill health often makes older people more __31__ and thereby increases contact with family members. So it is more likely that poor health, not just family involvement, __32__ spirits.
Increasingly, researchers have begun to look at the quality of relationships, rather than at the frequency of contact, between the elderly and their children. If parents and children share interests and values and agree on childrearing practices and religious __33__ , they are likely to enjoy each other's company. Disagreements on such matters can __34__ cause problems. If parents are angered by their daughter's divorce, dislike her new husband, and disapprove of how she is raising their grandchildren, __35__ are that they are not going to enjoy her visits.
A.abandoned B.advanced C.biased D.chances E.commitment F.dampens G.dependent H.distant I.frequent J.fulfillment K.grant L.merely M.provide N.understandably O.unrealistically
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Could Food Shortages Bring Down Civilization?
[A] For many years I have studied global agricultural, population, environmental and economic trends and their interactions. The combined effects of those trends and the political tensions they generate point to the breakdown of governments and societies. Yet I, too, have resisted the idea that food shortages could bring down not only individual governments but also our global civilization.
[B] I can no longer ignore that risk. Our continuing failure to deal with the environmental declines that are undermining the world food economy forces me to conclude that such a collapse is possible.
[C] As demand for food rises faster than supplies are growing, the resulting food-price inflation puts severe stress on the governments of many countries. Unable to buy grain or grow their own, hungry people take to the streets. Indeed, even before the steep climb in grain prices in 2008, the number of failing states was expanding. If the food situation continues to worsen, entire nations will break down at an ever increasing rate. In the 20th century the main threat to international security was superpower conflict; today it is failing states.
[D] States fail when national governments can no longer provide personal security, food security and basic social services such as education and health care. When governments lose their control on power, law and order begin to disintegrate. After a point, countries can become so dangerous that food relief workers are no longer safe and their programs are halted. Failing states are of international concern because they are a source of terrorists, drugs, weapons and refugees (难民), threatening political stability everywhere.
[E] The surge in world grain prices in 2007 and 2008—and the threat they pose to food security—has a different, more troubling quality than the increases of the past. During the second half of the 20th century, grain prices rose dramatically several times. In 1972, for instance, the Soviets, recognizing their poor harvest early, quietly cornered the world wheat market. As a result, wheat prices elsewhere more than doubled, pulling rice and corn prices up with them. But this and other price shocks were event-driven—drought in the Soviet Union, crop-shrinking heat in the U.S. Corn Belt. And the rises were short-lived: prices typically returned to normal with the next harvest.
[F] In contrast, the recent surge in world grain prices is trend-driven, making it unlikely to reverse without a reversal in the trends themselves. On the demand side, those trends include the ongoing addition of more than 70 million people a year, a growing number of people wanting to move up the food chain to consume highly grain-intensive meat products, and the massive diversion (转向) of U.S. grain to the production of bio-fuel.
[G] As incomes rise among low-income consumers, the potential for further grain consumption is huge. But that potential pales beside the never-ending demand for crop-based fuels. A fourth of this year's U.S. grain harvest will go to fuel cars.
[H] What about supply? The three environmental trends—the shortage of fresh water, the loss of topsoil and the rising temperatures—are making it increasingly hard to expand the world's grain supply fast enough to keep up with demand. Of all those trends, however, the spread of water shortages poses the most immediate threat. The biggest challenge here is irrigation, which consumes 70% of the world's fresh water. Millions of irrigation wells in many countries are now pumping water out of underground sources faster than rainfall can refill them. The result is falling water tables (地下水位) in countries with half the world's people, including the three big grain producers—China, India and the U.S.
[I] As water tables have fallen and irrigation wells have gone dry, China's wheat crop, the world's largest, has declined by 8% since it peaked at 123 million tons in 1997. But water shortages are even more worrying in India. Millions of irrigation wells have significantly lowered water tables in almost every state.
[J] As the world's food security falls to pieces, individual countries acting in their own self-interest are actually worsening the troubles of many. The trend began in 2007, when leading wheat-exporting countries such as Russia and Argentina limited or banned their exports, in hopes of increasing local food supplies and thereby bringing down domestic food prices. Vietnam banned its exports for several months for the same reason. Such moves may eliminate the fears of those living in the exporting countries, but they are creating panic in importing countries that must rely on what is then left for export.
[K] In response to those restrictions, grain-importing countries are trying to nail down long-term trade agreements that would lock up future grain supplies. Food-import anxiety is even leading to new efforts by food-importing countries to buy or lease farmland in other countries. In spite of such temporary measures, soaring food prices and spreading hunger in many other countries are beginning to break down the social order.
[L] Since the current world food shortage is trend-driven, the environmental trends that cause it must be reversed. We must cut carbon emissions by 80% from their 2006 levels by 2020, stabilize the world's population at eight billion by 2040, completely remove poverty, and restore forests and soils. There is nothing new about the four objectives. Indeed, we have made substantial progress in some parts of the world on at least one of these—the distribution of family-planning services and the associated shift to smaller families.
[M] For many in the development community, the four objectives were seen as positive, promoting development as long as they did not cost too much. Others saw them as politically correct and morally appropriate. Now a third and far more significant motivation presents itself: meeting these goals may be necessary to prevent the collapse of our civilization. Yet the cost we project for saving civilization would amount to less than $200 billion a year, 1/6 of current global military spending. In effect, our plan is the new security budget.