英语四级翻译练习材料及答案

英语四级翻译练习材料及答案

　　从秦朝到晚清，朝廷将人民分为四个阶级:地主、农民、工匠和商人。下面有小编整理的关于社会结构的英语四级翻译材料，欢迎大家阅读!

　　社会结构

　　从 秦朝到晚清，朝廷将人民分为四个阶级:地主、农民、工匠和商人。地主和农民构成了两个主要的阶级，而商人和工匠们则归到两个较小的阶级。从理论上讲，除了 帝位，其他身份都不能世袭(hereditary)。当拥有大量土地和半农奴(semi-serfs) 的显赫家族出现时，封建主义(feudalism)就会局部复辟。他们控制着朝廷重要的.民事和军事职位，并将任职这些职位的机会对本宗族的成员敞开。自唐代开始，朝廷改革了科举制度(imperial examination system),试图根除这种现象。

　　参考翻译

　　From the Qin Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty,the Chinese government divided Chinese people into four classes:landlord, peasant, craftsman and merchant.Landlords and peasants constituted the two major classes, while merchants and craftsmen were collected into the two minor ones.Theoretically,except for the position of the Emperor, nothing was hereditary.There was a partial restoration of feudalism when eminent families with large amounts of land and huge number of semi-serfs emerged.These families dominated important civilian and military positions of the government,making the positions available to members of their own families and clans.Since the Tang dynasty,the government reformed the imperial examination system as an attempt to root out this phenomenon.

　　翻译讲解

　　1.从理论上讲，除了帝位，其他身份都不能世袭:“从理论上讲”可翻译为theoretically;“帝位”可翻译为the position of the Emperor;“世袭”可用 hereditary 表达。

　　2.显赫家族:可翻译为eminent family。

　　3.封建主义局部复辟:可用partial restoration of feudalism表达;其中“局部的”可翻译为partial。

　　考公热

　　1、国家考试自古以来就存在，它可以追溯到唐朝时期，那时国家考试被称为科举考试。

　　2、虽然时代已经改变，但人们成为官员的愿望却越来越强烈。

　　3、通常意义上，国家公务员享有着较高的社会地位、权利与声望，意味着稳定的`收入，令人羡慕的医疗、养老金计划及其他方面的舒适生活。

　　4、特别是在这个经济发展不景气的时代，公务员对于很多人来说是一个很有吸引力的职业。

　　5、这股热潮在未来几年里还会持续下去。

　　参考翻译

　　Country examination was always there, and it could be dated from the Tang dynasty when it was called Imperial examination.

　　Although the times have changed, the wish to be an official is becoming stronger.

　　Generally, civil servant can enjoy a higher social status, greater power and prestige and means a stable income, enviable healthcare and pension programme, as well as other comforts of life.

　　It’s quite an appealing career option to many people, especially in this age of sluggish economy.

　　This craze in civil servant test will continue in the following years.

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