中译英笔译十个微技巧

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中译英笔译十个微技巧

　　在进行英语翻译的过程中，对于英语以及其它语言的历史文化背景要有全面的了解，对同一时期下不同阅读人群的读写习惯也要有一定的了解。

　　一、句子成分问题

　　1. 中文句子无主语：

　　【对策】被动语态、祈使句(+and)、固定句型(It/There);添加泛称代词做主语

　　应该鼓励年轻人按照自己的特长选择职业。(encourage)

　　Students should be encouragedto choose their careersaccording to their strong points.(被动语态)

　　2. 中文是动词或形容词，在英文中是名词位置

　　【对策】动名词/不定式;改换词性(相应名词);名词从句;it形式主语句型

　　早睡早起有益于健康。 (do goodto)

　　Going to bed and getting up early does good tohealth. (动名词)

　　她经常缺席会议让她的经理很不高兴。(annoy)

　　Her frequent absence from the meetingannoyed his manager. (名词)或

　　That she was often absent form the meetingannoyed his manager.(名词从句)

　　你认为参加这类讲座是浪费时间吗?(waste)

　　Do youthink it a waste of time attending such lectures?(it特殊句型)

　　由于天气恶劣，航班延误了好几个小时。(owing)

　　Owing to thebad weather, the flight was delayed for a couple of hours.(名词)

　　缺乏工作经验让他失去了这次进入外企的机会。(cost)

　　Lack of working experience cost him the chance toenter a foreign enterprise. (名词)

　　3. 中文句子无谓语：

　　【对策】添加谓语动词(如系动词+介词短语/形容词)

　　我不需要买新车, 我的那辆旧车还很好。(condition)

　　I don’t need to buy a new car because my oldcar is still in goodcondition. (添加系动词is)

　　二、主宾位置问题

　　4. 容易误用的及物动词：exist，happen，occur，take place, result(from)，belong to，go wrong,lie in

　　【对策】英语句子主宾和中文主宾相反

　　这台机器出故障了。(wrong)

　　Something has gone wrong withthis machine. (添加主语something)或

　　There is something wrong with thismachine. (使用there句型)

　　你的观点存在很多问题。(exist)

　　Many problems still exist in youropinion. (中文主语是“观点”，英文为“问题”)

　　5. 为所形容词(为……所……to)：familiar;peculiar;accessible;available;well-known; exposed; ：

　　【对策】英语句子主宾和中文主宾相反(正确使用短语和介词)

　　这台机器有些功能我不太熟悉。(familiar to)

　　Some of the machine’s functions are not familiar to me.

　　6. 容易忽视的使役动词：qualify，dissatisfy;consume;cost：

　　【对策】用被动语态，或“动词+oneself+介词/不定式等”;(注意这类动词中的“使给将把让令”)

　　数百人在这次地震中丧生。(consume)

　　Hundreds of people were consumed in this earthquake.

　　三、标点符号问题

　　7. 逗号的处理：

　　【对策】从属(译成从句)、并列(加连词)、逗号后译成分词词组

　　导演得知自己的影片获奖，感到无比自豪。(award)

　　When the director knew thathis movie had won an award, he felt very proud of himself. (其中一个单句添加连词，变成状语从句)

　　医生挨家挨户上门巡访，省去了许多老年人去医院的麻烦。(save)

　　Doctors’ door-to-door visits save many old people’strouble of going to hospital.或

　　Doctors visit the old people from door to door,which save their trouble of goingto hospital.

　　Doctors visit the old people from door to door,saving their trouble of goingto hospital.

　　8. 冒号、引号、破折号

　　【对策】间接引语、同位语从句、用引号

　　他们应从这件事中吸取教训：玩火者必自焚。(burn)

　　They should learn a lesson from this accident that one who plays with firewill surely burn himself.(使用同位语从句)

　　四、语言单位问题

　　9. 词组层面的灵活处理：名词修饰语过多

　　【对策】译作介词词组、分词词组;修饰语前后分布

　　这家超市货物齐全，满足了各种年龄顾客不同层次的需求。(meet)

　　This supermarket has awide range of goods in stock, which meets thedifferent levels of needsof the customers of all ages.

　　出于安全考虑，当地政府拒绝了那些难民永久居留权的申请。(reject)

　　Out of theconsideration of security, the local government rejected the refugees’ applicationfor permanent residence. (前后各有一部分修饰语)

　　10. 特定的句型：(It—before，since，that，take等)

　　【对策】注意中文中的“才”“就”“正是……”“自从”“很久没有……了”等。

　　这个大桥何时通车仍未可知。(accessible/open/cross)

　　It still remains unknown when the bridge will be open to the traffic.

　　五、中译英结构常用三法

　　1. 加法：添加泛称主语、添加系动词等

　　虽然并不富裕，但是他对自己的生活相当满意。(Although)

　　Although he is not rich, he is quite satisfied with his ownlife.

　　2. 减法：有些中文里的词组，英语中有对应的单词

　　为了保护园内生态，这个植物园每次最多只能进去200名游客。(admit)

　　To preserve the ecologyin the botanical garden, it only admits200 tourists at a time.

　　3. 转换：例如主宾颠倒

　　我一时想不起来他的名字了。(escape)

　　His name escaped my mind forthe moment.

　　六、最顽固的几种错误

　　4. 前后名词、代词指代的单复数不一致

　　上周因为生病我缺了一些课，但是我会努力赶上大家的。(miss)

　　Because of illness last week, I missed some lessons, but I will try to catch up with others.

　　这个游戏的规则太复杂，三言两语解释不清。(too…to)

　　The rules of the game are too complicated to be explained in a few words.

　　无论风多大、雨多急，警察一直坚守在岗位上。(no matter …)

　　Nomatter how hard the rain falls and thewind blows, the police keep to their posts.

　　各式阳伞给夏日街头平添了活跃的气氛。(add to)

　　Colorful umbrellas add toa lively atmosphere in the summer streets.

　　5. 逗号后的句子不使用相应连接词

　　不要担心你上大学的费用，我们会鼎力相助。(expense)

　　Don’t worry about your university expenses, for we will try our best to help you.

　　6. 含有主从句的复杂结构中忽视主谓一致法则

　　许多外国游客都想去长城一游，他们知道“不到长城非好汉”。(visit)

　　Many foreign tourists want to pay a visit to the Great Wall becausethey know that “one who has neverbeen to the Great Wall is not a trueman.”

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