基础英语

小学英语总结语法知识

时间:2024-11-02 18:10:03 基础英语 我要投稿

小学英语总结语法知识经典(12篇)

  总结是事后对某一阶段的学习或工作情况作加以回顾检查并分析评价的书面材料,它在我们的学习、工作中起到呈上启下的作用,让我们一起认真地写一份总结吧。总结怎么写才不会千篇一律呢?下面是小编为大家整理的小学英语总结语法知识,仅供参考,大家一起来看看吧。

小学英语总结语法知识经典(12篇)

小学英语总结语法知识1

  Unit 1

  1. the first day 第一天

  2. the new term 新学期

  3. all the students 所有学生

  4. at school 在学校

  5. each other 互相

  6. a new building 一幢新教学楼

  7. a lot of rooms 许多房间

  8. how many 多少

  9. two reading rooms两间阅览室

  10. have a look 看一看

  11. go and play 去玩

  12. go and see. 去看看

  13. go and have a look 看一看

  14. a lot of flowers and trees 许多花和树

  15. good idea 好主意

  16. in the street 在街道上

  17. on the plate 在盘子里

  18. on the table 在桌子上

  句子

  1. Is there a garden in the school? No, there isn’t.

  学校里有个花园吗?不,没有。

  2. Is there a reading room near the playground? Yes, there is.

  操场附近有个阅览室吗?是的。

  3. Are there any bookcases near the window? No, there aren’t.

  窗子附近有一些书橱吗?不,没有。

  4.Are there any pictures on the desk? Yes, there are. 课桌上有一些图片吗?是的。

  5. How many TV rooms are there in the building? There are four.

  大楼里有几间电视房?有四间。

  6. I’m not sure.我不能确定。

  Unit 2

  1. my parents 我的父母

  2. live in a new house 住在新房子里

  3. near her school 在她的'学校旁边

  4. very much 非常

  5. a large sitting-room 一个大客厅

  6. in your bedroom 在你的卧室

  7. some dolls 一些洋娃娃

  8. a map of the world 一张世界地图

  9. on the wall 在墙上

  10. behind the door 在门后面

  11. in the cat’s mouth在猫的嘴里

  12. look happy 看上去高兴

  13. in the afternoon 在下午

  14. in the music room 在音乐室里

  15. near the bed 在床边

  16. on the desk 在桌上

  17. in Picture 1 在图片1

  18. the rabbit in the black hat 带着黑帽子的那只兔子

  句子

  1. What’s between the chairs? There’s a telephone between the chairs.

  椅子中间有什么?椅子中间有个电话机。

  2. What’s on the table? There are some glasses on the table.

  桌子上有什么?桌子上有些玻璃杯。

  3.There isn’t a pencil on the desk. 课桌上没有一支铅笔。

  4.There aren’t any pictures on the wall. 墙上没有任何图片(复数)。

  Unit 3

  1. have a Music lesson 上音乐课

  2. sing a song 唱一首歌

  3. play the violin 拉小提琴

  4. listen to 听

  5. follow me 跟着我

  6. sing it together 一起唱

  7. make a puppet 做木偶

  8. make a model plane 做模型飞机

小学英语总结语法知识2

  动词加ing的变化规则

  1.一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking

  2.以不发音的`e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting

  3.如果末尾是辅音字母加一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:run-running, stop-stopping

  现在进行时,用来表示正在进行或发生的动作。结构是:be (am, is, are)+动词现在分词形式,几种句型:

  一、陈述句(肯定句)

  主语+be (am, is, are)+现在分词,如:

  I am reading English.我正在读英语。

  He is writing.他正在写字。 You are running.你正在跑步。

  二、一般疑问句

  Be(Am, Is, Are)+主语+现在分词,如:

  1. -Are you singing?你正在唱歌吗?-Yes, I am.是的,我在唱歌。

  (No, I'm not.不,我不在唱歌。)

  2. -Is he (she) listening to music?他(她)在听音乐吗?

  -Yes, he (she) is.是的,他(她)在听音乐。

  [No, he (she) isn't.不,他(她)不在听音乐。]

  三、特殊疑问句

  疑问词+be (am, is, are)+主语+现在分词,如:

  1. -What are you doing?你正在干什么?

  -I am doing my homework.我正在做作业。

  2. -What is he (she) doing?他(她)正在干什么?

  -He (She) is riding a bike.他(她)正在骑自行车。

  与现在进行时连用的词:look(看)、listen(听)、now(现在),

  Look! Jack is swimming.看!杰克正在游泳。

  Listen! She is singing.听!她正在唱歌。

  I am cleaning my room now.现在我正在打扫房间。

小学英语总结语法知识3

  1:“first”是序数词,与“the”相连,解释为第一。

  2:像“first,term,world”作为词组出现时前面要加“the”。

  3:“all”所有;后面的可数名词用复数形式,be动词用“are”。

  4:“any”一些;用在否定句和一般疑问句中,与“some”同义。“some”用在肯定句中。

  5:there be+数词,采用“就近原则”。

  6:a map of China 与 a map of the world 要牢记。

  7:要用“on the wall”,不能用“in the wall”。门、窗在墙上才能用“in the wall”。

  8:can 后+动词原形。

  9:play+the+乐器; play+球类;

  10:like的用法

  11:动词变动名词形式方法:

  A--直接在动词后面+ing形式(大多数)。

  B--以不发音的“e”结尾的.,要去掉e后再+ing,比如:dancing,making,riding。

  C--重读be音节,末尾只有一个辅音,须双写末尾的字母后再+ing,如:running,swimming,sitting,putting。

  12:现在进行时的构成:be动词+动词ing形式。标志:now、look、listen、it's time to。

  13:现在进行时的一般疑问句 /问--be动词+人称+时态(动词ing)

  答--Yes,he/She/it is/am/are. No,he/She/it isn't/aren't/am not.

  14:用Are you...? Yes,I am/ we are. No,I'm not/We aren't.

  15: 动词后+人称宾格形式.

  16:一般现在时的构成:第三人称单数(三单)。要注意:后面的动词+s或es。

  特例:have→has do→dose go→goes; 标志:often,usually。

  17:有些名词变动词时要变形式,例如:teacher→teach;driver→drive.

小学英语总结语法知识4

  1.人称代词

  主格: I we you she he it they

  宾格: me us you her him it them

  形容词性物主代词:my our your her his its their

  名词性物主代词: mine ours yours hers his its theirs

  2.形容词和副词的比较级

  (1) 一般在形容词或副词后+er older taller longer stronger, etc

  (2) 多音节词前+more more interesting, etc.

  (3) 双写最后一个字母,再+er bigger fatter, etc.

  (4) 把y变i,再+er heavier, earlier

  (5) 不规则变化: well-better, much/many-more, etc.

  3.可数词的复数形式

  Most nouns + s a book –books

  Nouns ending in a consonant +y - y+ ies a story—stories

  Nouns ending in s, sh, ch or x + es a glass—glasses a watch-watches

  Nouns ending in o +s or +es a piano—pianos a mango—mangoes

  Nouns ending in f or fe - f or fe +ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves

  4.不可数名词(单复数形式不变)

  bread, rice, water ,juice etc.

  5. 缩略形式

  I’m = I am

  you’re = you are

  she’s = she is

  he’s = he is

  it’s = it is

  who’s =who is

  can’t =can not

  isn’t=is not etc

  6. a/an

  a book,

  a peach

  an egg

  an hour

  7. Preposition:

  on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.

  表示时间: at six o’clock, at Christmas, at breakfast

  on Monday on 15th July On National Day in the evening in December in winter

  8. 基数词和序数词

  one – first two-second twenty-twentieth

  9. Some /any I have some toys in my bedroom.

  Do you have any brothers or sisters?

  10. be 动词

  (1) Basic form: am/are/is

  (2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London.

  My eyes are(not) small.

  My hair is(not) long.

  (3)一般疑问句: Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.

  Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.

  Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.

  11. there be 结构 肯定句:

  There is a … There are …

  一般疑问句:Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t. Are there…?

  Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t.

  否定句: There isn’t …. There aren’t….

  12. 祈使句 Sit down please Don’t sit down, please.

  13. 现在进行时。通常用“now”。 形式:

  be + verb +ing eg: I am(not) doing my homework.

  You/We/They are(not) reading.

  He/She/It is(not) eating.

  动词 —ing 的形式

  Most verbs +ing walk—walking

  Verbs ending in e -e + ing come—coming

  Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant

  run –running swim—swimming

  14 一般现在时。

  通常用 “usually, often, every day, sometimes”。

  肯定句: I go to school on foot every day. She goes to school on foot every day.

  一般疑问句: Do you jump high? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. Does he jump high? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.

  否定句: We don’t go to school on Sundays. My mother doesn’t like watching TV in the evening.

  15. (情态)动词can,must, should 后面直接用动词原形。

  eg: 1. I / He / She / They can sing.

  2.You should keep quiet in the library.

  16. 一般过去时态

  (a) be 动词的过去式: I/He/she/it was(not)…. You/we/they were….

  一般疑问句was, were 放在句首。

  (b) 动词过去式:

  肯定句: I watched cartoons. She visited the zoo.

  一般疑问句: Did you read book last night? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t. Did she clean the desk just now? Yes, she did. No, she didn’t. 否定句: They didn’t go the the part yesterday. He didn’t make model ships last week.

  (3)动词过去式的变化:

  规则动词的.变化:

  Most verbs +ed eg. planted,watered,climbed。

  Verbs ending in e +d eg liked。

  Verbs ending in a consonant +y --y +ied

  eg : study—studied Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant

  eg: stop --stopped

  不规则动词的变化:

  is/am—was,

  are—were,

  do—did,

  have/has—had,

  make—made,

  fly-flew/u:/ eat—ate,

  take—took,

  run—ran,

  sing—sang,

  drink—drank 等等

  17. “Wh-” questions.

  What are you doing? What colour is it?

  Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one?

  How much is the toy bear?

小学英语总结语法知识5

  Hello, boys and girls. Nice to see you again. ”我”是现在进行时,用来表示正在进行或发生的动作。”我”的结构是:be (am, is, are)+动词现在分词形式。

  首先,”我”向你们展示”我”的几种句型:

  一、陈述句(肯定句)

  主语+be (am, is, are)+现在分词,如:

  I am reading English.我正在读英语。

  He is writing.他正在写字。

  You are running.你正在跑步。

  二、一般疑问句

  Be(Am, Is, Are)+主语+现在分词,如:

  1、 -Are you singing?你正在唱歌吗?

  -Yes, I am.是的',我在唱歌。

  (No, I’m not.不,我不在唱歌。)

  2、 -Is he(she) listening to music?他(她)在听音乐吗?

  -Yes, he(she) is.是的,他(她)在听音乐。

  [No, he(she) isnt.不,他(她)不在听音乐。]

  三、特殊疑问句

  疑问词+be (am, is, are)+主语+现在分词,如:

  1、 -What are you doing?你正在干什么?

  -I am doing my homework.我正在做作业。

  2、 -What is he(she) doing?他(她)正在干什么?

  -He(She) is riding a bike.他(她)正在骑自行车。

  其次,”我”向你们介绍”我”的三位好伙伴:look(看)、listen(听)、now(现在),它们和”我”经常出现在句子中。请看:

  Look! Jack is swimming.看!杰克正在游泳。

  Listen! She is singing.听!她正在唱歌。

  I am cleaning my room now.现在我正在打扫房间。

  听了”我”的自述后,小朋友们,你们一定更加了解”我”了吧。

  最后,请你们用”我”翻译下面的句子。

  1、看!我弟弟正在游泳。

  2、听!我妹妹正在唱歌。

  3、我妈妈现在正在做饭。

  4、他正在放风筝吗?是的,他正在放风筝。

  5、你在干什么?我正在写字。

小学英语总结语法知识6

  一般现在时的功能

  1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。

  2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。

  3.表示客观现实。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。

  一般现在时的`构成

  1. be动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如:I am a boy.我是一个男孩。

  2.行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:

  We study English.我们学习英语。

  当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。

  一般现在时的变化

  1. be动词的变化。

  否定句:主语+ be + not +其它。

  如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。

  一般疑问句:Be +主语+其它。

  如:-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.

  特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike?

  2.行为动词的变化。

  否定句:主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。如:

  I don't like bread.

  当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn't构成否定句。如:

  He doesn't often play.

  一般疑问句:Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如:

  - Do you often play football?

  - Yes, I do. / No, I don't.

  当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。如:

  Does she go to work by bike?

  - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.

  特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:How does your father go to work?

  小结:

  通常用时间状语 “usually, often, every day, sometimes”。

  肯定句:

  I go to school on foot every day.

  She goes to school on foot every day.

  一般疑问句:

  Do you jump high? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.

  Does he jump high? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.

  否定句: We don’t go to school on Sundays.

  My mother doesn’t like watching TV in the evening.

小学英语总结语法知识7

  一般过去时态

  (a) be动词的'过去式:

  I/He/she/it was(not)…. You/we/they were….

  一般疑问句was, were放在句首。

  (b)动词过去式:

  肯定句:I watched cartoons.

  She visited the zoo.

  一般疑问句:Did you read book last night? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.

  Did she clean the desk just now? Yes, she did. No, she didn’t.

  否定句:They didn’t go the the part yesterday.

  He didn’t make model ships last week.

  动词过去式变化规则:

  1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked

  2.结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted

  3.末尾是辅音字母加一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped

  4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed,如:study-studied

  5.不规则动词过去式:

  am,is-was,are-were,do-did,see-saw,say-said,give-gave,get-got,go-went,come-came,have-had,eat-ate,take-took,run-ran,sing-sang,put-put,make-made,read-read,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,swim-swam,sit-sat

小学英语总结语法知识8

  1、 概念

  能用yes / no(或相当于yes / no)回答的问句叫一般疑问句。

  2、 含系动词be的一般疑问句的构成

  具体地说,就是当陈述句中有am /is / are时,可直接将它们提至主语前,但如遇第一人称,最好将其置换成第二人称。如:

  I’m in Class 2, Grade 1. →Are you in Class 2, Grade 1? 你是在一年级二班吗?

  3、 含情态动词的一般疑问句的构成

  一般疑问句面前人人平等:情态动词与am / is / are一样,也可直接将它们提至主语前,所以问题迎刃而解了。如:

  I can spell it. →Can you spell it? 你会拼写它吗?

  4、 含实义动词的一般疑问句的构成

  含实义动词的一般疑问句的构成稍微有点讲究,要在句首加do;如逢主语为第三人称单数,谓语动词为一般现在时单数第三人称形式”v-(e)s”时,奉does为座上宾并要变回原形(如has→have,likes→like等);有时陈述句中的some还要变作any等。如:

  She lives in Beijing. →Does she live in Beijing? 她住在北京吗?

  I like English. →Do you like English? 你喜欢英语吗?

  There are some books on my desk.→Are there any books on your desk?

  5、 少数口语化的一般疑问句

  如问一个与前文相同的问句时,可省略成”And you?”或”What / How about…?”等;甚至只抓关键词,读作升调。如:Your pen? 你的钢笔?

  6、 小插曲:一般疑问句的语调

  大部分的一般疑问句都应读作升调(↗),并落在最后一个单词身上。如:Is it a Chinese car↗?

  7、 一般疑问句的'应答

  用yes / no(或相当于yes / no的词)回答,并怎么问怎么答(句首为情态动词am / is / are还是do /does),简略回答时要注意缩写(否定的n’t)和采用相应的人称代词以避免重复:即”Yes,主语(代词)+情态动词或am / is / are或do / does.”表示肯定;”No,主语(代词)+情态动词或am / is / are或者do / does not(n’t)。”表示否定。如:

  ① -Is Mary a Japanese girl? 玛丽是日本女孩吗?

  -Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t. 是的,她是。/不,她不是。

  ② -Can Lily speak Chinese? 莉莉会说中国话吗?

  -No, she can’t. / Sorry, I don’t know. 不,她不会。/对不起,我不知道。

  ③ -Do you like English? 你喜欢英语吗?

  -Yes, very much. 是的,非常喜欢。

  how 疑问句一家子的“实话实说”

  【王小元】各位观众,大家好!我是英语栏目的主持人王小元。今天,我非常荣幸地请到了how疑问句一家子。有请几位上台!

  (how携how much, how often 等上台。)

  【王小元】how先生,请您给大家做一下自我介绍好吗?

  【how】I am too excited to say a word.

  【王小元】how先生,别激动。Take it easy.

  【how】各位观众,大家好!我叫how, 我主要用来引导特殊疑问句,可以询问身体健康。如:

  How is your mother today? 你妈妈今天身体好吗?

  我还可以询问交通方式。如:

  How does Li Lei usually go to school? 李雷通常怎样去学校?

  另外我也可以询问天气。如:

  How is the weather today? 今天天气怎么样?

  【王小元】感谢how先生所做的精彩介绍。大家知道,how后面跟不同的形容词或副词,同样可以引导含义不同的特殊疑问句,如how old, how long, how often 等。下面就请各位踊跃发言。

  【how old】我主要用来询问年龄。如:

  How old is Mr Wang? 王先生多大年龄?

  当然,我也可以用来询问建筑物的年头、历史等。如:

  How old is this bridge? 这座桥有多少年的历史了?

  【how long】我多用来询问长度。如:

  How long is the Yellow River? 黄河有多长?

  【how often】how long, 你怎么不实说实话呢?你忘了你还能询问时间长短呢!如:

  How long does it take you to go to work by bike every day? 你天天骑自行车上班花多长时间?

  【how long】您瞧我这记性。Mr Wang, I am sorry.

  【王小元】That’s all right. how often先生,请你介绍一下自己好吗?

  【how often】我没多大本领,主要用来对动作发生的频率进行提问。如:

  How often do you go to see your grandma? 你多长时间去看你的奶奶?

  【how many】我主要对可数名词的数量进行提问。如:

  How many people are there in your family? 你家里有几口人?

  【how much】你也就只能提问可数名词的数量吧,问不可数名词的量,可就得看我的了。如:

  How much water is there in the bottle? 瓶子里有多少水?

小学英语总结语法知识9

  1、Whatareyougoingtodo?你想做什么?

  询问他人在未来的打算。Begoingto后面要跟动词的原形。

  2、thisevening和tonight的区别:

  thisevening指的是今天晚上睡觉以前的时间,一般指晚上十二点以前。

  而tonight指的是今晚,一般是指一整晚的时间,通宵。

  3、特殊疑问句

  1)、结构:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句的形式(一般情况下)

  例:Whichdoyoulikebetter?

  特例:whathappenedtotheotherpeopleontheplane?

  2)、特殊疑问词的分类:疑问代词:what;who;which;whom

  疑问形容词:what+名词;which+名词;whose+名词

  疑问副词:when;where;why;how

  3)、疑问代词的用法:

  (1)What“什么”用来问是什么,做什么,叫什么,什么样,询问职业等等。

  例:Whatisyourname?你的名字叫什么?

  Whatisyourfather?你爸爸是干什么的?(询问职业)=Whatdoesyourfatherdo?

  Whatisyourhobby?你的爱好是什么?

  Whatisyourfavouritefood?你最喜爱的食物是什么?

  What’syourmathteacherlike?你的数学老师长得什么样子?

  Whatisthedatetoday?今天几月几号?ItisMay1st.

  (2)who“谁”用来问人物是谁。

  例:WhoisyourEnglishteacher?你的英语老师是谁?

  Who’sthatman?那个男人是谁?

  (3)which“哪种、哪一个”

  例:Whichdoyoulikebetter?

  4)、疑问形容词的用法:

  (1)whattime“几点了”用来问具体的时间,

  如:Whattimeisit?现在几点了?

  (2)Whatcolour”什么颜色”用来问物体的颜色。

  如:Whatcolourisyourschoolbag?你的书包是什么颜色的?

  (3)Whatkindof“什么种类”用来问类别。

  如:Whatkindoffruitdoyoulike?你最喜欢哪一种水果?

  (4)whatday“什么日子”用来询问周几。

  如:Whatdayisit?今天周几?

  ItisSunday.

  (5)whose+名词“谁的”用来问物体的主人是谁

  如:Whosepencilisthis?这是谁的铅笔?

  Whosebikeisblue?谁的自行车是蓝色的?

  (6)which+名词“哪一个”用来问具体的哪一个。

  如:Whichseasondoyoulikebest?你最喜欢哪个季节?

  Whichpencilisken’s?thelongoneortheshortone?哪只铅笔是Ken的?长的那支还是短的`那支?

  Whichclassareyouin?你在哪个班?

  5)、疑问副词的用法:

  (1)Where“在哪里,到哪里”用来问地点。

  例:Whereareyoufrom?你从哪里来?

  Whereareyougoingto?你打算去哪里?

  Whereismyruler?我的尺子在哪里?

  (2)When“什么时候”用来问时间。

  例:Whenisyourbirthday?你的生日是什么时候?

  Whenareyougoingto?你打算什么时候去?

  Whendoyougotoschool?你什么时候去上学?

  (3)why“为什么”用来问原因,一般要用because来回答。

  如:whydoyoulikespring?你为什么喜欢春天?

  BecauseIcanflykites.国为我可以放风筝。

  (4)how“怎样”“如何做某事”用来问身体健康状况,或者事情的状况,对事件的看法等。

  如:Howareyou?你(身体)好吗?

  Howisyourmother?你妈妈(身体)好吗?

  Howistheweathertoday?今天天气怎么样?=Whatistheweatherliketoday?

  Howdoyoudo?(初次见面)您好

  (5)howmany+名词复数“多少个”用来问有多少个,后面要跟名词的复数形式。

  如:Howmanybooksdoyouhave?你有多少本书?

  Howmanykitescanyousee?你能看见多少只风筝?

  (6)howmuch“多少钱”用来问物体的价钱。

  如:Howmucharethey?他们多少钱?

  Howmuchisyourschoolbag?你的书包多少钱?

  (7)howold“几岁了”用来问年龄。

  如:Howoldareyou?你几岁了?

  Howoldisyourfather?你爸爸多大了?

  (8)howlong“多长”

  如:HowlongistheYellowRiver?

  (9)howtall“多高”:

  如:Howtallishe?他多高?

  (10)howabout+n./ving“怎么样”表建议、请求

  如:Whataboutyou?

  4、Iwanttobe…我想成为…表示理想。相当于I’mgoingtobe….

  例:Iwanttobeateacher.

  5、在哪个门用介词at,

  atthenorth/east/south/westgate.

  6、一般将来时(语法)

  1)构成:be(am/is/are)goingto+动词原形或will+动词原形

  例:Iamgoingtothebookstorebybusthisafternoon.

  2)用法:表示将要发生的动作或状态。常与tomorrow,nextweek,inafewdays,nextSunday连用

  例:Iamgoingtohaveabusyweekend.

  IwillleaveShandongtomorrow.

小学英语总结语法知识10

  在英语中,特别是表示有生命的名词,可以加’s表示所属关系,名词的这种形式我们称之为名词的所有格。

  一、名词词尾加’s的所有格

  1、 一般情况在名词后加’s。例如:

  That girl’s coat is in the room. 那个女孩的衣服在房间里。

  2、 在以s结尾的名词(包括以s结尾的复数名词)后面,只加 ’。假如复数名词不是以s结尾的,末尾也要加’s。例如:

  Today is September 10th, Teachers’ Day. 今天是玄月十日,教师节。

  Children’s Day is coming, I should buy something new for my son.

  儿童节马上就要到了,我应该为我的儿子买一些新东西。

  3、 表示词组内的并列名词各自的所有关系时,须在各个名词后加’s;假如一个东西为两个人或者两个以上的人共同拥有,只在最后一个名词后面加’s。例如:

  They are John’s and Kate’s rooms. How beautiful they are!

  这是约翰和凯特的房间。它们(指房间)太漂亮了!

  He is Lily and Lucy’s father. 他是莉莉和露西的爸爸。

  4、 表示某人的家、店展等的所有格,一般可以省略它后面所修饰的名词。例如:

  My father and I will have dinner at the Johnson’s (home )。 我爸爸和我将要去约翰逊的家吃晚饭。

  We will have our hair cut at the barber’s(shop) tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我们要去理发店理发。

  5、 有些指时间、距离、国家、城镇等的名词,也可以加’s构成所有格。例如:

  There is something important in today’s news***。 今天的报纸上有一些重要的东西。

  It’s about ten minutes’ walk from school to our home every day.

  天天从学校到我们家步行大约需要十分钟。

  6、 英语名词所有格修饰的词,假如前面已经提到过,后面则可以省略,以防止重复。例如:

  This is not Dick’s dictionary, but is Tom’s. 这不是迪克的字典,但是是汤姆的。

  二、由of短语构成的所有格

  1、 表示“无生命的名词”一般与of构成短语,表示所有关系。例如:

  There is a river on the other side of the road. 在公路的.另一边有一条河。

  2、 有时我们用名词 + of +名词所有格构成双重所有格的形式。例如:

  This is a photo of Mr Brown’s. 这是一张布朗先生的照片。

  不用定冠词的八项纪律

  我们从八个方面来学习一下哪些时候不用定冠词“the”。

  一、定冠词不与表示一类人或事物的复数名词连用。例如:

  1、 I like reading the books.(×)  I like reading books.(√)

  2、 She likes the cats.(×)  She likes cats.(√)

  二、定冠词不能用在某些习惯用语中的名词前面。例如:

  1、 I have lunch at the noon.(×)  I have lunch at noon.(√)

  2、 We go to school by the bus.(×)  We go to school by bus.(√)

  三、定冠词不能用在某些专用名词和不可数名词前面。例如:

  1、 I like the China.(×)  I like China.(√)

  2、 Would you like a cup of the water? (×) Would you like a cup of water?(√)

  四、定冠词不能用在节日、日期、月份、季节前面。例如:

  1、 Today is the Teachers’ Day. (×) Today is Teachers’ Day.(√)

  2、 He was born in the May in 1987. (×) He was born in May in 1987. (√)

  五、定冠词不能用在表示称呼语或某些头衔的名词前面(尤其作表语、宾补时)。例如:

  1、 Good morning, the sir!(×) Good morning, sir! (√)

  2、 I need some help, the Mummy.(×) I need some help, Mummy.(√)

  六、定冠词不能与名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, some, any等代词连用。例如:

  1、 This the pen is mine. (×) This pen is mine.(√)

  2、 I have the some money. (×)  I have some money. (√)

  七、定冠词不能用在表示科目名词的前面。例如:

  1、 We will learn the Chinese, the history and the Maths this afternoon. (×)

  We will learn Chinese, history and Maths this afternoon.(√)

  2、 The English is the most interesting of all the subjects.(×)

  English is the most interesting of all the subjects.(√)

  八、定冠词不能用在三餐和球类运动名词的前面。例如:

  1、 She goes to school after the breakfast every morning.(×)

  She goes to school after breakfast every morning.(√)

  2、 We often play the football after school. (×)

  We often play football after school. (√)

小学英语总结语法知识11

  一、可数名词与不可数名词的区别

  普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的,这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体,如worker, farmer, desk, factory等)和集体名词(表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物,如people, family等)。

  假如普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的`,这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可数名词分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质,如meat, rice, water, milk, orange等)和抽象名词(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念,如work, homework, time, health, friendship等)。

  二、可数名词的家务事

  可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时,用单数形式;指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下:

  1、一般的名词词尾直接加-s 。如:

  book → books;room → rooms; house → houses;day → days

  2、以s, ss, ch, sh, x结尾的名词,在词尾加-es 。如:

  bus → buses;glass → glasses; watch → watches; dish → dishes;box → boxes

  3、以”辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,要先将y改为i再加-es。如:

  city → cities;body → bodies;factory → factories

  4、以f或fe结尾的名词,要将f或fe改为v再加-es。如:

  half → halves; leaf → leaves;knife → knives;wife → wives

  5、特例[特例常常考,要记住。]

  ① child → children

  ② man → men woman → women; policeman → policemen(规律:man → men)

  ③ tomato → tomatoes; potato → potatoes

  [初中英语以o结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es,其余的当然加-s喽!如:photo → photos ]

  ④ foot → feet; tooth → teeth [ oo变成ee。]

  ⑤ sheep, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形[变复数时词形不变。]

  ⑥ people单数形式表示复数意义,要求谓语动词用复数;people的复数形式peoples通常指"多个民族"。

  三、不可数名词的家务事

  1、不可数名词没有复数,当它作句子的主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。如:

  The food is very fresh.食品很新鲜。

  2、有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词,有复数形式,但他们的意义往往发生变化。如:

  water(水) → waters (水域);orange(橘汁)→ oranges(橘子)

  3、很多的不可数名词表示泛指时为不可数,表示种类时就可数,但意义大多不发生变化。如:

  fruit → fruits;food → foods; fish → fishes;hair → hairs

  用所给名词的适当形式填空。

  1、 How many________(sheep) are there on the hill?

  2、 There is some________(food) in the basket.

  3、 The baby has only two________(tooth) now.

  4、 There is a lot of________(water) in the bottle.

  5、 There are five________(people)in his family.

  6、 Let’s take________(photo),OK?

  7、 I have lots of________(tomato) here.

  8、 The________(leaf) on the tree turn yellow.

  9、 The________(child) are playing games on the playground now.

  10、 Their________(dictionary) look new.

  11、 I see you have a few white________(hair)。

  12、 They are________(woman) doctors.

  13、 Can you give me some bottles of ____ (orange),please?

  14、 There are many________(fox) in the picture.

  15、 I would like some apple________(juice)。 I am very thirsty.

  参考答案:

  1、 sheep 2. food 3. teeth 4. water 5. people 6. photos 7. tomatoes 8. leaves 9. children 10. dictionaries 11. hair, hairs 12. women 13. orange 14. foxes 15. juice

  名词可数不可数“六注意”

  一、可数名词是可以用来计数的名词。可数名词有单数和复数形式。如:desk-desks, apple-apples等。不可数名词是不可以直接用来计数的名词。不可数名词没有复数形式,只有单数形式。如:some bread,a little milk等。

  二、单数可数名词表示泛指时,前面要用不定冠词a(an),表示特指时,前面要用定冠词the;而不可数名词前不能用a(an)修饰,表示特指时,前面一定要用定冠词the。如:

  He is a factory worker.他是一名工人。

  No one can see air.没有人能看见空气。

  三、可数名词和不可数名词前都可以用some, any, a lot of, lots of等来修饰,表示”一些,许多”。如:

  There are some oranges on the desk.桌子上有一些桔子。

  There is a lot of water in the bottle.瓶里有许多水。

  四、可数名词前可用具体的数词来表示具体的数量。如:two apples, four books等。不可数名词前通常用”单位词+of”来表示数量。如:a piece of ***,three pieces of ***等。

  五、可数名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数与主语的单复数保持一致。如:

  This picture is very beautiful.这幅画很美。

  不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式,但是不可数名词前有复数”单位词”时,谓语动词要用复数形式。如:

  There are two cups of tea on the table.桌上有两杯茶。

  六、对可数名词前的修饰语提问用how many;对不可数名词前的修饰语提问用how much。如:

  How many apples are there in the box?盒子里有多少个苹果?

  How much tea is there in the cup?杯里有多少茶水?

  注意:对不可数名词前的”单位词”的修饰语提问时,疑问词用how many。如:

小学英语总结语法知识12

  1.人称代词

  主格:I, we, you, she, he, it,they

  宾格:me, us, you, her, him, it, them

  形容词性物主代词:my, our, your, her, his, its, their

  名词性物主代词:mine, ours, yours,hers,his, its, theirs

  2.形容词和副词的比较级

  (1)一般在形容词或副词后+er

  older, taller,longer,stronger,etc

  (2)多音节词前+more

  more interesting,etc.

  (3)双写最后一个字母,再+er

  bigger, fatter,etc.

  (4)把y变i,再+er

  heavier,earlier,etc.

  (5)不规则变化:

  well-better,much/many-more,etc.

  3.可数词的复数形式

  大多数名词+ s:a book –books

  以辅音y结尾的名词,y变i加es:a story—stories

  以s,sh,ch或x结尾的名词,加es:a glass—glasses; a watch-watches

  以o结尾的名词,加s或es:a piano—pianos;a mango—mangoes

  以f或fe结尾的名词,将f或fe变为ves:a knife –knives;a shelf-shelves

  4.不可数名词(单复数形式不变)

  bread,rice,water,juice etc.

  5.缩略形式

  I’m = I am;you’re = you are;she’s = she is;he’s = he is;

  it’s = it is;who’s =who is;can’t =can not; isn’t=is not,etc

  6. a/an

  a book,a peach

  an egg,an hour

  7. Preposition(介词)

  表示方位:on,in,in front of,between,next to,near,beside,at,behind

  表示时间:at six o’clock,at Christmas,at breakfast,on Monday,on 15th July,

  on National Day, in the evening, in December, in winter

  8.基数词和序数词

  one – first; two-second;twenty-twentieth

  9. Some /any(一般情况下陈述句中用some;疑问句和否定句中用any)

  I have some toys in my bedroom.

  Do you have any brothers or sisters?

  10. be动词

  (1)基本形式:am/are/is

  (2)肯定和否定句I am(not) from London.

  My eyes are(not) small.

  My hair is(not) long.

  (3)一般疑问句:Am I a Chniese? Yes,you are. No,you aren’t.

  Are they American? Yes,they are. No,they aren’t.

  Is the cat fat? Yes,it is. No,it isn’t.

  11. there be结构

  肯定句:There is a (an)…

  There are …

  一般疑问句:Is there …?Yes,there is./ No,there isn’t.

  Are there…?Yes,there are. /No,there aren’t.

  否定句:There isn’t …。 There aren’t…。

  12.祈使句

  Sit down please

  Don’t sit down,please.

  13.现在进行时。(通常用“now”)

  形式:be +动词的ing形式

  eg:I am(not) doing my homework.

  You/We/They are(not) reading.

  He/She/It is(not) eating.

  动词—ing的形式

  大多数动词直接加ing:walk—walking

  以e结尾的动词,去e加ing:come—coming (see除外,seeing)

  以元音加辅音结尾的'动词,双写后面的辅音,再加ing:run –running;swim—swimming

  14一般现在时。通常用“usually,often,every day,sometimes”。

  肯定句:

  I go to school on foot every day.

  She usually goes to school on foot.

  一般疑问句:

  Do you jump high? Yes,I do. / No,I don’t.

  Does he jump high? Yes,he does. / No,he doesn’t.

  否定句:

  We don’t go to school on Sundays.

  My mother doesn’t like watching TV in the evening.

  15.(情态)动词can,must,should后面直接用动词原形。

  eg:

  1、 I / He / She / They can sing.

  2.You should keep quiet in the library.

  16.一般过去时态

  (a) be动词的过去式:

  I/He/she/it was(not)…。

  You/we/they were…。

  一般疑问句was,were放在句首。

  (b)动词过去式:

  肯定句:I watched cartoons.

  She visited the zoo.

  一般疑问句:Did you read book last night? Yes,I did. No,I didn’t.

  Did she clean the desk just now? Yes,she did. No,she didn’t.

  否定句:They didn’t go the the part yesterday.

  He didn’t make model ships last week.

  (3)动词过去式的变化:

  规则动词的变化:

  大多数动词,直接加ed:eg. planted,watered,climbed

  以e结尾的动词加d:eg. liked

  以辅音y结尾的动词,y变i,加ed:eg:study—studied

  元音加辅音结尾的动词,双写辅音加ed: eg:stop –stopped

  不规则动词的变化:

  is/am—was,are—were,do—did,have/has—had,make—made,fly-flew/u:/

  eat—ate,take—took,run—ran,sing—sang,drink—drank等等

  17. “Wh-” questions.

  What are you doing? What colour is it? What time is it? What’s the time?

  Which is your watch,the yellow one or the white one?

  Who’s the man with a big nose?

  Whose bag is it?

  When is your birthday?

  Where is my ball pen?

  Why do you like summer?

  How many books are there in the school bag?

  How old is the young man?

  How much is the toy bear?

  How do you go to school every day?

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