英语考研语法

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英语考研语法

　　一、单数可数名词单数可数名词前必须加冠词，a(an)表示泛指或类指，the表示特指或类指。例句： Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. (选自2008年Text 4)分析：该句是复合句，其中主句是Washington overcame the strong opposition...， who引导的非限制性定语从句修饰Washington，该句中又有一个that引导的从句作believe的宾语。译文：在美国独立战争期间目睹了黑人士兵的勇敢之后，华盛顿才开始认为人生来平等。他克服了亲人的强烈反对，在遗嘱中给自己的奴隶们自由。例句： While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. (选自2007年Part C)分析：该句是复合句，其中supplied to them by lawyers作定语修饰interpretations，undue reliance意为“过分依赖”。译文：虽然法律报道的质量各不相同，但是许多新闻记者都过分依赖律师提供给他们的解释。

英语考研语法

　　二、定冠词the的用法在下述几种情况下须用定冠词the:表示世界上独一无二的名词，用在可数名词单数或某些形容词前代表一类人或事物，用在形容词、副词最高级和序数词和only之前。乐器名称前要加定冠词the。如：the sun the moon the universe the camelthe blind the largest island the only student the piano例句： The universe works in a way so far removed from what common sense would allow that words of any kind must necessarily be inadequate to explain it. (1998年第19题)分析：该句是复合句，what common sense would allow...作介词from的宾语从句，该句中还包含一个so...that...从句。译文：宇宙运行的方式与常识所允许的构思相距甚远，因此任何一种语言也必然不足以把它解释清楚。例句： But somewhere from the 19th century onward, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, as we went from Wordsworth?s daffodils to Baudelaire?s flowers of evil. (选自20xx年Text 4)分析：该句是复合句，主干结构是more artists began seeing happiness as...，而as we went from Wordsworth?s daffodils to Baudelaire?s flowers of evil是一个状语从句。译文：但是从19世纪的某个时候开始，当我们从华兹华斯的《水仙花》转向波德莱尔的《恶之花》时，越来越多的艺术家开始把快乐看做是毫无意义的、虚假的甚至是令人厌倦的东西。

　　三、人名、地名等专有名词人名、地名等专有名词前一般不用冠词，但在海洋、河流、山脉、群岛以及含有普通名词的专有名词前一般加定冠词。如：the Atlantic Ocean (大西洋)the Red Sea (红海)the Society for Anglo?Chinese Understanding (英中了解协会)the Special Economic Zone (经济特区)例句： The four special economic zones(SEZS) in Guangdong and Fujian provinces, 14 coastal cities and Hainan island have specifically designed tax and other incentives for the foreign investor. (选自Far Eastern Economic Review)分析：该句是简单句。译文：广东与福建两省的四个经济特区、14个沿海开放城市及海南岛都有专门为外国投资者制定的税收及其他鼓励投资政策。四、抽象名词和物质名词抽象名词和物质名词表示一般概念时，前面通常不用冠词。

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