2017年考研:英语语法要遵从一致原则

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2017年考研:英语语法要遵从一致原则

　　考研英语完型、阅读、翻译及写作都不开语法知识，语法是基础，考生一定要熟悉，且灵活的掌握。2017考研复习之初，给大家讲解语法知识点，希望大家能够从现在日积月累，最终质变提升。

2017年考研:英语语法要遵从一致原则

　　下面讲解的是关于语法一致原则的知识点：

　　语法一致原则是指句子的主语和谓语在语法形式上一致，即通常情况下，谓语动词的单复数形式依主语的单复数形式而定，主语为单数形式时谓语动词用单数形式，主语为复数形式时谓语动词也用复数形式。

　　1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式;主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。

　　如：His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very important for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.

　　注意：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如：What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.

　　2、由连接词and或both ……and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。

　　如：Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers.

　　注意：

　　(1)若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。如：The writer and artist has come.

　　(2)由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no，each，every more than a (an)，many a (an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。

　　如：Every student and every teacher was in the room. / No boy and no girl likes it.

　　3、主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with，together with，except，but，like，as well as，rather than，more than，no less than，besides，including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式;若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。如：Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She, like you and Tom, is very tall.

　　4、either，neither，each，every 或no +单数名词和由some，any，no，every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。如：Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.

　　注意：

　　(1)在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词(或代词)”作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。如：Neither of the texts is (are) interesting.

　　(2)若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数;若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。

　　如：None of us has (have) been to America.

　　5、在定语从句时，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。

　　如：He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.

　　6、如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数;如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family，class，crowd，committee，population，audience等。

　　如：Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.

　　注意：people，police，cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如：The police are looking for the lost child.

　　7、由“a lot of，lots of，plenty of，the rest of，the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。

　　如：There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls.

　　注意：a number of“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数;the number of“……的数量”，主语是number，谓语用单数。

　　8、在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。

　　如：There comes the bus. / On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts.

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