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宾语从句英语语法解析
宾语从句是初中英语最重要的语法内容之一,下面是小编为大家收集整理的英语语法宾语从句相关内容,欢迎阅读。
宾语从句英语语法解析
1.当主句谓语动词是find,see,watch,hear等感官动词时,从句常简化为宾语+宾补结构,宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如:
She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.
2. 当主句谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,forget,plan,agree等,且主句主语与从句主语相同时,从句可简化为不定式结构。如:
She agreed that she could help me with my maths. She agreed to help me with my maths.
3. 在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中,当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时,宾语从句可简化为连接代词/副词+不定式结构。如:
Can you tell me how I can get to the station?Can you tell me how to get to the station?
宾语从句英语语法解析
一.宾语从句的含义
在主句中做宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。
如:She knew that the teacher had seen the film.
她知道这位老师看过这部电影。
“that the teacher had seen the film”做 knew 的宾语,同时又是由连接词 that 引导的从句,所以它叫做宾语从句。
二.宾语从句的分类
1. 动词宾语从句:顾名思义,它是位于动词后面的宾语从句。
如:He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他问我们班上谁的书法最好。
2.介词宾语从句:顾名思义,它是位于介词后面的宾语从句。
如:I agree with what you said just now.我同意你刚才说的话。
3.形容词宾语从句:顾名思义,它是位于形容词后面的宾语从句。
如:I am afraid that I will be late. 恐怕我要迟到了。
三.引导名词性从句的连接词
1. that:没有含义,在宾语从句中不做成分
2.whether/if:表示是否,在宾语从句中不做成分。
I dont know if /whether he still lives here after so many years. 我不知道这么多年后,他是否还住在这里。
3.连接代词:what, which, who, whom, whose(在宾语从句中做主、宾、表和定语)
连接副词:where, when, how, why(在宾语从句中做状语)
The small children dont know what is in their stockings.(what 在宾语从句中做主语)
这些小孩子不知道什么在他们的长筒袜里。
Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning?(why 在宾语从句中做原因状语)
你能告诉我为什么你今天早上开会迟到吗?
四.在做宾语从句的题目时应注意两点
1. 时态:
①当主句是现在时态时,宾语从句可以根据需要使用任何时态。
I dont know when he will come back.我不知道他将何时回来。
He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。
②当主句是过去时态时,宾语从句必须是一种过去的时态。
She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。
He said that he could finish his work before supper.他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。
③当表示客观事实或普遍真理的句子做宾语从句时,任何时候都用一般现在时。
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说过地球绕着太阳转。
2.语序:任何从句都使用陈述句语序,宾语从句当然也不例外。
延伸阅读:宾语从句的引导词有以下三种
1. 引导词 that只起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,在口语中或非正式文体中常省略。
例如:He knew (that) he should work hard.
2. 引导词 if/ whether,意为“是否”在口语中常用if,连词if/ whether不能省略。
例如:Tom didn’t know if/ whether his grandpa liked the present.
3. 由疑问代词和疑问副词引导的宾语从句。
疑问代词有:what,who,whom,whose,
which等,在宾语从句中主要充当主语、宾语、定语和表语等。疑问副词有:when, where, why, how, 在宾语从句中充当时间、地点、原因、方式状语。
例如:
(1) We don’t know who will win the match. (who作从句的主语)
(2) The teacher asked the new student which class he was in? (which作从句的定语)